Why do we need a primer on CDR now?
How terms are used in this primer
Why focus on carbon dioxide for climate stabilization?
The scale of hard-to-avoid emissions and the CDR needed to offset them
Carbon dioxide removal and the carbon cycle
Harms and co-benefits of large-scale CDR deployment
Imagining CDR deployment that centers social justice
CO2 mineralization
Ocean alkalinity enhancement
Soil carbon sequestration
Improved forest management, afforestation, and reforestation
Coastal blue carbon
Biochar
Biomass energy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS)
Direct air capture (DAC)
Geological sequestration
Introduction
Enhancing biological systems for CDR
Technological CDR systems
Siting technological CDR systems
Conclusions
LCA as an assessment tool
Techno-economic analysis (TEA) as an assessment tool
Net removed cost: an integrated techno-economic and life cycle analysis
How CO2 is sourced today
Relationship between CO2 utilization and CDR
The scale of carbon utilization
Timescales of storage in carbon utilization
Assessing risk
A new resource on the fundamentals of carbon dioxide removal and its role in addressing the climate crisis