Patent

Patent je vrsta intelektualne svojine koja svom vlasniku daje zakonsko pravo da isključi druge iz pravljenja, upotrebe ili prodaje pronalaska na ograničeni vremenski period u zamjenu za objavljivanje omogućavanja otkrivanja pronalaska.^[1] U većini zemalja patentna prava potpadaju pod privatno pravo i nosilac patenta mora tužiti nekoga ko krši patent kako bi ostvario svoja prava. U nekim industrijama patenti su suštinski oblik konkurentske prednosti; u drugima su nebitni.^[2] ^:17

Procedura za dodjelu patenata, zahtjevi koji se postavljaju nosiocu patenta i obim ekskluzivnih prava uveliko variraju između zemalja u skladu sa nacionalnim zakonima i međunarodnim sporazumima. Tipično, međutim, prijava patenta mora uključivati jedan ili više zahtjeva koji definišu obim zaštite koja se traži. Patent može uključivati mnogo zahtjeva, od kojih svaki definiše određeno imovinsko pravo. Ove tvrdnje moraju ispunjavati različite zahtjeve za patentiranje, koji u SAD-u uključuju novost, korisnost i neočiglednost.^[3]^[4]

Prema TRIPS sporazumu Svjetske trgovinske organizacije (WTO), patenti bi trebali biti dostupni u državama članicama STO za svaki izum, u svim oblastima tehnologije, pod uslovom da su novi, uključuju inventivni nivo i da su sposobni za industrijsku primjenu.^[5] Ipak, postoje varijacije o tome šta je predmet patentiranja od zemlje do zemlje, takođe među državama članicama STO. TRIPS takođe predviđa da rok trajanja zaštite treba da bude najmanje dvadeset godina.^[6]

Venecijanski patentni statut, koji je izdao Senat Venecije 1474. godine, i jedan je od najranijih zakonskih patentnih sistema u svijetu.

Reference

^ "A patent is not the grant of a right to make or use or sell. It does not, directly or indirectly, imply any such right. It grants only the right to exclude others. The supposition that a right to make is created by the patent grant is obviously inconsistent with the established distinctions between generic and specific patents, and with the well-known fact that a very considerable portion of the patents granted are in a field covered by a former relatively generic or basic patent, are tributary to such earlier patent, and cannot be practiced unless by license thereunder." – Herman v. Youngstown Car Mfg. Co., 191 F. 579, 584–85, 112 CCA 185 (6th Cir. 1911)
^ WIPO Intellectual Property Handbook: Policy, Law and Use. Chapter 2: Fields of Intellectual Property Protection Error in Webarchive template: Empty url. WIPO 2008
^ "Patents: Frequently Asked Questions". World Intellectual Property Organization. Arhivirano s originala, 20. 6. 2015. Pristupljeno 24. 6. 2015.
^ Lemley, Mark A.; Shapiro, Carl (2005). "Probabilistic Patents". Journal of Economic Perspectives, Stanford Law and Economics Olin Working Paper No. 288. 19: 75. doi:10.2139/ssrn.567883.
^ Article 27.1. of the TRIPs Agreement.
^ Article 33 of the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS).

[Herman-1] "A patent is not the grant of a right to make or use or sell. It does not, directly or indirectly, imply any such right. It grants only the right to exclude others. The supposition that a right to make is created by the patent grant is obviously inconsistent with the established distinctions between generic and specific patents, and with the well-known fact that a very considerable portion of the patents granted are in a field covered by a former relatively generic or basic patent, are tributary to such earlier patent, and cannot be practiced unless by license thereunder." – Herman v. Youngstown Car Mfg. Co., 191 F. 579, 584–85, 112 CCA 185 (6th Cir. 1911)

[WIPO_Handbook_Ch_2-2] WIPO Intellectual Property Handbook: Policy, Law and Use. Chapter 2: Fields of Intellectual Property Protection Error in Webarchive template: Empty url. WIPO 2008

[3] "Patents: Frequently Asked Questions". World Intellectual Property Organization. Arhivirano s originala, 20. 6. 2015. Pristupljeno 24. 6. 2015.

[lemley-2005-4] Lemley, Mark A.; Shapiro, Carl (2005). "Probabilistic Patents". Journal of Economic Perspectives, Stanford Law and Economics Olin Working Paper No. 288. 19: 75. doi:10.2139/ssrn.567883.

[5] Article 27.1. of the TRIPs Agreement.

[PatentLength-6] Article 33 of the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS).

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