Doctoral dissertations by Zarko Ilic
In the paper, the main focus is on providing a detailed analysis of cartographic depictions of Se... more In the paper, the main focus is on providing a detailed analysis of cartographic depictions of Serbia and Old Serbia which can be found in European and Serbian cartography of the second half of the 19th and early 20th century. To gain a better understanding of the historical cartography of the aforementioned traditions, it was firstly necessary to point out the geographic characteristics of Serbia and Old Serbia and to gain a broader view of their geographical position from a variety of perspectives, with a special emphasis on the changes which were elicited by political circumstances. Then the attention was dedicated to the genesis and understanding of the geographical and geo-political terminology behind such concepts as: Serbian lands, Serbia, Old Serbia, Macedonia, Herzegovina, Bosnia, Bulgaria and Upper Albania (Albania), all of this within the context of gaining a clearer notion of the geographical term Old Serbia, as well as the historical geography of the Central Balkans in general. This work also features a detailed overview of the development of depictions of Serbia and Old Serbia in Austrian and German cartography, and it also emphasizes the role that these two cartographic schools had in disseminating geographical knowledge of these regions, gaining a more profound understanding of them. Afterwards, an analysis of the role that Russian officers played in mapping the Principality of Serbia during the 1830s and 1870s is given, as well as how Serbia and Old Serbia are depicted on maps of the Bulgarian cartographic school, and those of other Balkan and European traditions as represented by more limited editions. The development of Serbian cartography is observed in accordance with its division into military and civilian cartography, while also tracing out the stages in its development and the main foreign influences which contributed to shaping the traditions of the Serbian cartographic school. The ethnographic mapping of Old Serbia and Macedonia represents an extremely important segment in the historical cartography of the Balkan Peninsula, especially in the period from 1878 to 1914, so a detailed analysis of it is one of the tasks of this work, with a special emphasis on the sources which the authors of these maps used to delineate the borders between people in this part of Europe. Finally, attention is drawn to the role that ethnographic cartography played in the political and public domain in the second half of the 19th and early 20th century.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Papers by Zarko Ilic
Šesti međunarodni interdisciplinarni skup mladih naučnika društvenih i humanističkih nauka KONTEKSTI, 2023
The aim of this paper is to present the geographical knowledge of Vuk Stefanović Karadžić about S... more The aim of this paper is to present the geographical knowledge of Vuk Stefanović Karadžić about Serbia and his understanding of the Serbian ethnic space. At the beginning of the paper is presented Vuk's understanding of the geographical notion of Serbia, and then also, Old Serbia. Then was performed an analysis of the data that Vuk brings about the relief and hydrography of Serbia within his geographical works. In addition is presented Vuk's understanding of the geographical borders of Serbia with neighboring areas - Bosnia, Herzegovina, Albania, Macedonia and Bulgaria. Special attention is paid to sources on the basis of which Vuk formed his views on the geography of Serbia and about Serbian ethnic space, as well as the location of geographical terms that Vuk used, and which are important for understanding Serbia's borders. The last part of the paper brings data about sources on the basis of which Vuk formed his understanding of the Serbian ethnic space, as well as its geographical spread.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Династија Обреновић и проглашење Краљевине Србије , 2023
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Историјски часопис 71, 2022
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Болести, ратови и глад - српски народ пред изазовима у прошлости и садашњости. Тематски зборник радова, 2022
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Београдски историјски гласник / Belgrade Historical Review , 2021
The Velika Morava had been navigable for centuries, but for rafts and smaller vessels only. Due t... more The Velika Morava had been navigable for centuries, but for rafts and smaller vessels only. Due to poor conditions of the riverbed, the navigation by boats was not possible. Important issue for the traffic policy of the Principality of Serbia was regulation of the flow of the Velika Morava and conditioning it for the boats of larger transport capacity. It was the most important inner river trade route, which connected the inland of the
Principality of Serbia and the Danube. This question was accentuated in 1850ies and 1860ies, when the first demands by foreign shipping companies to invest in regulation of the river and river traffic were reported. By the end of 1860ies (1867 and 1869), the Serbian Government undertook measurings of the flow of the Velika Morava, with the aid of Austrian Shipping Company, in order to establish navigation along this river. The Serbian Army officer Anta Aleksić soon concieved a plan for the works to be done in order to enable navigation. It showed that cultivation of Velika Morava required large expenditures, and that works could last up to twenty years. Consequently, Anta Aleksić pointed out the importance of rafts, as means of transport on the Velika Morava, but also on both Zapadna and Južna Morava. After his efforts and raftings on these rivers, this means of transportation amassed. After the railroad was built, the river route along Velika Morava, as a connection of the inner parts of the Kingdom of Serbia with the North, loses importance. The railroad connected two ends of the Kingdom of Serbia.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Proceedings of the ICA, 2021
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Proceedings of the International Cartographic Association, 2021
Atlases published in the Serbian language in the 19th and early 20th century, with rare exception... more Atlases published in the Serbian language in the 19th and early 20th century, with rare exceptions were used as an auxiliary teaching tool in geography and history classes. The aim of this paper is to point out all the atlases that were in use in Serbian schools until the beginning of the First World War. The analysis of the content of the atlases was performed and presented, and as well as the different methodologies used by the authors during the creation of the atlas. The connection between the geography curriculum and the content of the atlas was pointed out, in accordance with the changes in the geography curriculum during the time. In addition to school atlases, the first atlases, made by Jovan Cvijić, will be presented, which aimed to show maps that relate to a clearly defined topic and these were the first such atlases within the framework of Serbian cartography.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Aleksinac i Pomoravlje u prošlosti, 2021
The depictions of the Great, the West and the South Morava (Velika, Zapadna and Južna Morava) on ... more The depictions of the Great, the West and the South Morava (Velika, Zapadna and Južna Morava) on geographical maps from the 16th to the
mid–19th century went through a three and a half centuries long journey from complete lack or partial knowledge of their flows, and, in some cases, even their presence, to an accurate and precise cartographic representation, to the extent allowed by the development of cartography until the end of the 19thcentury. The worst mistakes were made in the presentation of the flow of the West Morava and the upper part of the flow of the South Morava. The West Morava did not appear on geographical maps until the beginning of the 18th century. The part of the lower course of this river was designated by some authors as the lower course of the river Ibar. Owing to Luigi Ferdinando Marsili, the West Morava was finally almost accurately represented on
geographical maps. However, some errors in the presentation of its course were to be repeated up until mid–19th century. Unlike the West Morava, considerably more was known about the course of South Morava from the beginning of the analyzed period. There were, however, some serious errors in presentation of this river – wrong direction of flow, mistakenly shown tributaries, wrong ubication of the place names. The biggest mistake made in the presentation of the flow of the South Morava was its source, which was very often moved to the east, as well as the entire upper part of the flow. On the other hand, cartographers knew the lower part of the course of the river notably better. However, these representations, especially representations of the direction of the flow, remained quite inaccurate until the end of the 18thcentury. As from the beginning of the analyzed period, cartographic representations of the Great Morava had always been considerably more accurate than
the courses of the other two Moravas. The main reason was that its position and proximity to the Danube river in the north of the Balkan Peninsula was better known to the cartographers. In addition, the Tsarigrad Road ran along its course and numerous travelogues also provided information about it. On the other hand, the more cartographers descended south of the Danube and the Sava in their cartographic representations, towards the interior of the Balkans, the information were vaguer and the hydrographic representations were
worse. At the times when the European researchers became more interested in the area south of the Danube and the Sava, the presentationof hydrography on geographical maps gradually improved, including the flows of the West and South Morava. Eventually, Heinrich Kiepert, with his map of Serbia from 1849 and the map of European Turkey from 1853, was first to offer the 19th European cartography an accurate representation of these three rivers, almost without major errors.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Serbian studies vol. 11 , 2020
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Зборник радова Филозофског факултета у Приштини 50, бр. 4, 2020
The development of mining in the Principality of Serbia in the
1860s was determined by the previo... more The development of mining in the Principality of Serbia in the
1860s was determined by the previous years, especially during the
reign of Ustavobranitelji when government initiative in Majdanpek
came to a halt. In the 1860s, the main points of interest were the
mine of Majdanpek, Kučajna, and the mines in the Podgora region.
The two former were owned by foreign capital, whilst the latter was
being researched by Stevan Đuričić around 1867. The mining in
Majdanpek was done by the French-Serbian Society between 1859
and 1866, when the operation was taken over by The Serbian Company
for Iron and Copper. Kučajna was being worked on by a German mining expert, Felix Hofman, between 1862 and 1873. During this
period, the Mining Law of 1866 was passed, setting the foundation for
further improvement of mining operations in the Principality/Kingdom
of Serbia. During the 1860s most of the state income concerning
mining came from the regal tax which had to be payed in order for
one to acquire a permission for ore extraction. Most of the expenses
went to financing the mining offices in Majdanpek, the directory of
mines in Krupanj, various mining investments, as well as scholarships
for students studying abroad. It should be said that the
incomes, as well as the expenses, were symbolic when compared to
the overall state incomes/expenses, making up less than 0.1% of the
state incomes and expenses. This created a situation where the state
could not count on any major incomes from mining, with an increase
in expenses coming only at the end of the period in question due to
greater state financing of mine in the Podrinje region.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Serbian Studies vol. 10, 2019
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Books by Zarko Ilic
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Book Reviews by Zarko Ilic
Српске студије 12, 2021
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Српске студије 12 , 2021
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Serbian studies vol. 11, 2020
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Uploads
Doctoral dissertations by Zarko Ilic
Papers by Zarko Ilic
Principality of Serbia and the Danube. This question was accentuated in 1850ies and 1860ies, when the first demands by foreign shipping companies to invest in regulation of the river and river traffic were reported. By the end of 1860ies (1867 and 1869), the Serbian Government undertook measurings of the flow of the Velika Morava, with the aid of Austrian Shipping Company, in order to establish navigation along this river. The Serbian Army officer Anta Aleksić soon concieved a plan for the works to be done in order to enable navigation. It showed that cultivation of Velika Morava required large expenditures, and that works could last up to twenty years. Consequently, Anta Aleksić pointed out the importance of rafts, as means of transport on the Velika Morava, but also on both Zapadna and Južna Morava. After his efforts and raftings on these rivers, this means of transportation amassed. After the railroad was built, the river route along Velika Morava, as a connection of the inner parts of the Kingdom of Serbia with the North, loses importance. The railroad connected two ends of the Kingdom of Serbia.
mid–19th century went through a three and a half centuries long journey from complete lack or partial knowledge of their flows, and, in some cases, even their presence, to an accurate and precise cartographic representation, to the extent allowed by the development of cartography until the end of the 19thcentury. The worst mistakes were made in the presentation of the flow of the West Morava and the upper part of the flow of the South Morava. The West Morava did not appear on geographical maps until the beginning of the 18th century. The part of the lower course of this river was designated by some authors as the lower course of the river Ibar. Owing to Luigi Ferdinando Marsili, the West Morava was finally almost accurately represented on
geographical maps. However, some errors in the presentation of its course were to be repeated up until mid–19th century. Unlike the West Morava, considerably more was known about the course of South Morava from the beginning of the analyzed period. There were, however, some serious errors in presentation of this river – wrong direction of flow, mistakenly shown tributaries, wrong ubication of the place names. The biggest mistake made in the presentation of the flow of the South Morava was its source, which was very often moved to the east, as well as the entire upper part of the flow. On the other hand, cartographers knew the lower part of the course of the river notably better. However, these representations, especially representations of the direction of the flow, remained quite inaccurate until the end of the 18thcentury. As from the beginning of the analyzed period, cartographic representations of the Great Morava had always been considerably more accurate than
the courses of the other two Moravas. The main reason was that its position and proximity to the Danube river in the north of the Balkan Peninsula was better known to the cartographers. In addition, the Tsarigrad Road ran along its course and numerous travelogues also provided information about it. On the other hand, the more cartographers descended south of the Danube and the Sava in their cartographic representations, towards the interior of the Balkans, the information were vaguer and the hydrographic representations were
worse. At the times when the European researchers became more interested in the area south of the Danube and the Sava, the presentationof hydrography on geographical maps gradually improved, including the flows of the West and South Morava. Eventually, Heinrich Kiepert, with his map of Serbia from 1849 and the map of European Turkey from 1853, was first to offer the 19th European cartography an accurate representation of these three rivers, almost without major errors.
1860s was determined by the previous years, especially during the
reign of Ustavobranitelji when government initiative in Majdanpek
came to a halt. In the 1860s, the main points of interest were the
mine of Majdanpek, Kučajna, and the mines in the Podgora region.
The two former were owned by foreign capital, whilst the latter was
being researched by Stevan Đuričić around 1867. The mining in
Majdanpek was done by the French-Serbian Society between 1859
and 1866, when the operation was taken over by The Serbian Company
for Iron and Copper. Kučajna was being worked on by a German mining expert, Felix Hofman, between 1862 and 1873. During this
period, the Mining Law of 1866 was passed, setting the foundation for
further improvement of mining operations in the Principality/Kingdom
of Serbia. During the 1860s most of the state income concerning
mining came from the regal tax which had to be payed in order for
one to acquire a permission for ore extraction. Most of the expenses
went to financing the mining offices in Majdanpek, the directory of
mines in Krupanj, various mining investments, as well as scholarships
for students studying abroad. It should be said that the
incomes, as well as the expenses, were symbolic when compared to
the overall state incomes/expenses, making up less than 0.1% of the
state incomes and expenses. This created a situation where the state
could not count on any major incomes from mining, with an increase
in expenses coming only at the end of the period in question due to
greater state financing of mine in the Podrinje region.
Books by Zarko Ilic
Book Reviews by Zarko Ilic
Principality of Serbia and the Danube. This question was accentuated in 1850ies and 1860ies, when the first demands by foreign shipping companies to invest in regulation of the river and river traffic were reported. By the end of 1860ies (1867 and 1869), the Serbian Government undertook measurings of the flow of the Velika Morava, with the aid of Austrian Shipping Company, in order to establish navigation along this river. The Serbian Army officer Anta Aleksić soon concieved a plan for the works to be done in order to enable navigation. It showed that cultivation of Velika Morava required large expenditures, and that works could last up to twenty years. Consequently, Anta Aleksić pointed out the importance of rafts, as means of transport on the Velika Morava, but also on both Zapadna and Južna Morava. After his efforts and raftings on these rivers, this means of transportation amassed. After the railroad was built, the river route along Velika Morava, as a connection of the inner parts of the Kingdom of Serbia with the North, loses importance. The railroad connected two ends of the Kingdom of Serbia.
mid–19th century went through a three and a half centuries long journey from complete lack or partial knowledge of their flows, and, in some cases, even their presence, to an accurate and precise cartographic representation, to the extent allowed by the development of cartography until the end of the 19thcentury. The worst mistakes were made in the presentation of the flow of the West Morava and the upper part of the flow of the South Morava. The West Morava did not appear on geographical maps until the beginning of the 18th century. The part of the lower course of this river was designated by some authors as the lower course of the river Ibar. Owing to Luigi Ferdinando Marsili, the West Morava was finally almost accurately represented on
geographical maps. However, some errors in the presentation of its course were to be repeated up until mid–19th century. Unlike the West Morava, considerably more was known about the course of South Morava from the beginning of the analyzed period. There were, however, some serious errors in presentation of this river – wrong direction of flow, mistakenly shown tributaries, wrong ubication of the place names. The biggest mistake made in the presentation of the flow of the South Morava was its source, which was very often moved to the east, as well as the entire upper part of the flow. On the other hand, cartographers knew the lower part of the course of the river notably better. However, these representations, especially representations of the direction of the flow, remained quite inaccurate until the end of the 18thcentury. As from the beginning of the analyzed period, cartographic representations of the Great Morava had always been considerably more accurate than
the courses of the other two Moravas. The main reason was that its position and proximity to the Danube river in the north of the Balkan Peninsula was better known to the cartographers. In addition, the Tsarigrad Road ran along its course and numerous travelogues also provided information about it. On the other hand, the more cartographers descended south of the Danube and the Sava in their cartographic representations, towards the interior of the Balkans, the information were vaguer and the hydrographic representations were
worse. At the times when the European researchers became more interested in the area south of the Danube and the Sava, the presentationof hydrography on geographical maps gradually improved, including the flows of the West and South Morava. Eventually, Heinrich Kiepert, with his map of Serbia from 1849 and the map of European Turkey from 1853, was first to offer the 19th European cartography an accurate representation of these three rivers, almost without major errors.
1860s was determined by the previous years, especially during the
reign of Ustavobranitelji when government initiative in Majdanpek
came to a halt. In the 1860s, the main points of interest were the
mine of Majdanpek, Kučajna, and the mines in the Podgora region.
The two former were owned by foreign capital, whilst the latter was
being researched by Stevan Đuričić around 1867. The mining in
Majdanpek was done by the French-Serbian Society between 1859
and 1866, when the operation was taken over by The Serbian Company
for Iron and Copper. Kučajna was being worked on by a German mining expert, Felix Hofman, between 1862 and 1873. During this
period, the Mining Law of 1866 was passed, setting the foundation for
further improvement of mining operations in the Principality/Kingdom
of Serbia. During the 1860s most of the state income concerning
mining came from the regal tax which had to be payed in order for
one to acquire a permission for ore extraction. Most of the expenses
went to financing the mining offices in Majdanpek, the directory of
mines in Krupanj, various mining investments, as well as scholarships
for students studying abroad. It should be said that the
incomes, as well as the expenses, were symbolic when compared to
the overall state incomes/expenses, making up less than 0.1% of the
state incomes and expenses. This created a situation where the state
could not count on any major incomes from mining, with an increase
in expenses coming only at the end of the period in question due to
greater state financing of mine in the Podrinje region.