Medicine

Background Coronary artery disease (CAD) due to atherosclerosis is like an epidemic in India. The role of diabetes mellitus (DM) with CAD is believed to be as important as CAD itself. Owing to the similar vascular involvement, patients with DM were frequently combined with peripheral artery disease (PAD). Although in outpatients, clinically suspected of having CAD, the relationship and interaction between DM and PAD remain unknown. Aim and objective The aim and objective of this study is to evaluate the relation of the ankle-brachial index (ABI) with the angiographic characteristics of CAD in patients with DM. Materials and methods This is a tertiary hospital study in which 50 adult patients were admitted and taken according to inclusion and exclusion criteria for the study. All patients in this study population underwent ABI measurement and coronary angiography was done. Patients were subdivided into two groups according to ABI, that is, patients with ABI >0.90 and ABI <0.90....

Maternal complications and poor perinatal outcome are highly associated with nonutilisation of antenatal and delivery care services and poor socioeconomic conditions of the patient. It is essential that all pregnant women have access to high quality obstetric care throughout their pregnancies. Present longitudinal study was carried out to compare utilization of maternal and child health care services by urban and rural primigravida females. A total of 240 study participants were enrolled in this study. More illiteracy and less mean age at the time of marriage were observed in rural population. Poor knowledge about prelacteal feed, colostrums, tetanus injection and iron-follic acid tablet consumption was noted in both urban and rural areas. Very few study participants from both areas were counselled for HIV testing before pregnancy. More numbers of abortions (19.2%) were noted in urban study participants compared to rural area. Thus utilization of maternal and child health care (MCH)...

Drug abuse is a global phenomenon, affecting almost every country, but its extent and characteristics differ from region to region. India too is caught in this vicious circle of drug abuse, and the numbers of drug addicts are increasing day by day. The bane of drug abuse in Punjab has acquired the proportions of a pestilence that has shaken the entire society in the state. It is observed that in Punjab "drug abuse" is a raging epidemic, especially among the young. The present cross-sectional study was conducted on 400 adolescents and young adults (11-35 years) from 15 villages of Jalandhar District. Systematic sampling (probability proportionate to size) was used for the selection of study subjects. A preformed, semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect information on type and frequency of drugs abused and other sociodemographic variables. The statistical evaluation of the data was performed using SPSS software, version 21.0. The prevalence of substance abuse among...

Background: Tuberculosis is one of the major health problems in India. The Tuberculosis problem is further aggravated by TB- HIV co-infection. TB is not only leading cause of death in HIV infected persons but it also accelerates the progression of HIV infection to AIDS, at the same time, HIV infection is amongst the strongest risk factor for progression of latent TB infection to active disease. However the principles of TB control are the same, treatment with DOTS (Directly Observed Treatment, Short course) is the accepted standard even for HIV positive TB patients. Methods: The present study was conducted to assess the treatment outcome of TB in TB-HIV co-infected patients on DOTS. A Prospective observational study was conducted at ART [Anti Retroviral Therapy] centre of B Y L Nair Charitable hospital, Mumbai, India. The newly diagnosed TB patients receiving DOTS were registered and were followed till treatment outcome was declared. Results: The treatment success rate was found to ...

Introduction: Obesity is perhaps the most prevalent form of malnutrition. As a chronic disease, prevalent in both developed and developing countries , and affecting both children and adults replacing the more traditional public health concerns including under-nutrition. For industrialized countries, it has been suggested that such increase in body weight has been caused primarily by reduced levels of physical activity, rather than by changes in food intake or other factors. So the present study is carried out to assess the impact of Physical Exercise on BMI and Self-esteem of obese population in an urban slum of Mumbai. Material and Methods: A descriptive epidemiological study was conducted at Cheetah Camp urban slum which is a field practice area of the department of Preventive and Social Medicine, TN Medical College, Mumbai. Obese patients above 40 years of age were included in this study. The information was gathered by personal interview using semi-structured Schedule. Results: ...

We are living in an 'international' society, and HIV has become the first truly 'international' epidemic, easily crossing oceans and borders. It is disappointing that the global numbers of people infected with HIV continue to increase, despite the fact that effective prevention strategies already exist. The present study was carried out to assess the awareness of rural population about HIV/AIDS in Raigad district and operationalization of appropriate interventions to empower the community leaders with appropriate leadership skills, to control the spread of HIV infection. The present community based interventional study was conducted during January 2009 to December 2009 at Mahad Taluka of Raigad District, India. Total of 724 individuals were selected by using stratified random sampling. The information was gathered by personal interview using semi-structured proforma. Total 724 individuals were interviewed with 202 (27.9%) males and 522 (72.1%) females. Overall awaren...

Context: Zari work which employs a large human resource is a type of occupation which comes under unorganised sector. A variety of factors contribute to stress in the employees such as negative workload, isolation, long working hours, difficult relationships among co-workers and management, harassment and lack of opportunities or motivation to advancement in one's skill level. Aims: To assess the occupational stress among workers involved in zari industry in an Urban Slum of Mumbai, India. Methods: The present cross- sectional descriptive study was conducted by selecting 800 zari workers by simple random sampling. All the subjects are subjected to Occupational Stress Index (OSI) test to assess the level of stress among them. Statistical analysis: The comparison of qualitative data was done using chi-square test. The confidence limit for significance was fixed at 95% level with p- value < 0.05. Results: Out of 800 workers, 82% were between age group of 15 to 44 years. Most of ...

Objective: Assessment of impact of health intervention on KAP and hypertensive status of patients in an urban slum of Mumbai. Material and Methods: A cross- sectional study was conducted at Shivaji Nagar urban slum which is a field practice area of Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, of TN Medical College Mumbai. Hypertensive patients above 40 years of age were included in this study. The information was gathered by personal interview using semi- structured proforma. Results: Out of 340 subjects 176 (51. 76%) were males. Before intervention 83.42%, 69.11%, 73.24% patients had poor knowledge, attitude and practices respectively which decreased to 25%, 21.76%, 33.81% respectively. Mean systolic BP, Diastolic BP, Body mass index and weight was also decreased as practices of patients improved to after health intervention. There was improvement in self care practices and life style modification factors. Conclusion: People have to be educated through mass media on hypertension a...

Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) causes enormous social and economic disruption and hampers nation’s development. DOTS strategy under found to be beneficial against TB. The key component of phase of treatment should be administered to patients under the supervision of a DOT provider, either from the community or the health system. This may sometime leads to loss of wages or incurs transportation charge s for treatment in the program. Material and methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in of Jalandhar. Total number of patients registered during third quartile of 2014 was 107, out of which 102 patients can be contacted. transportation and extra nutrition was collected from all the patients. The data so collected was entered in analyzed using SPSS 16 software. Results: Overall mean expenditure and 2319/- month . The major share of indirect costs (3/4 decreased capacity to work or work absenteeism. Majority of the patients (79%) preferred to tak additional nutrients, which contri...

Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) causes enormous social and economic disruption and hampers nation’s development. DOTS strategy under RNTCP is one of the largest public health programs found to be beneficial against TB. Adverse drug reactions lead to decrease in patient compliance and adherence. Good patient adherence to the treatment regimen is the foundation stone to effective antitubercular therapy. Noncompliance is cited as the major problem to the control of the tuberculosis at the level of public health which finally leads to drug resistance in case of TB. Aim and Objectives: To identify the occurrence and pattern of Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) associated with anti-tubercular drugs in TB patients under DOTS therapy during Intensive phase of treatment. Materials and methods: A prospective observational study was conducted in 2 randomly selected DOTS centers of Jalandhar. A total of 102 patients of categories I and II who were registered in third quarter of 2014 were selected f...

Introduction: The prevalence of anaemia among children less than five years of age in India is around 70%. Anae-mia in young children puts them at a higher risk of experiencing health problems such as stunted growth, mental retardation, and increased susceptibility to infectious diseases. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effectiveness of IFA supplementation (daily vs. biweekly vs. weekly regime) on haemoglobin levels of young chil-dren.