The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee B/516/12, Sampling a... more The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee B/516/12, Sampling and testing. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.
The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee B/516/12, Sampling a... more The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee B/516/12, Sampling and testing. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.
Appropriate budget contingency determination for construction projects: State-of-the-art, 2023
Contingency is a critical component in the cost estimation process for any construction project. ... more Contingency is a critical component in the cost estimation process for any construction project. The contingency reserve considers potential costs related to risks and uncertainties associated with construction projects. It is usually assumed to damp any resulting uncertain monetary impact and to prevent project cost overrun. Many contingency calculation methods for construction projects proposed in literature ranged from simple percentage to complex mathematical methods. Deciding the optimum contingency method for a given project at a given phase represents the main challenge in cost estimation process. This study presents a comprehensive compilation of all contingency calculation methods and divided them into three main groups: deterministic, probabilistic, and modern mathematical methods which have been discussed in details. Appropriate method for estimating contingency amount depends on many criteria such as project peculiarity, complexity, ease of method used, and the accuracy level of the estimates. This study proposed a practical guidance approach for construction agencies to choose their appropriate cost contingency method. This research is expected to help agencies/owners in the budget development stage to allocate a contingency budget for their construction projects.
Risk factors causing cost overruns in road networks, 2022
Cost overrun is a common phenomenon observed in construction projects worldwide. It is one of the... more Cost overrun is a common phenomenon observed in construction projects worldwide. It is one of the biggest challenges experienced in the construction industry that leads to overstretched budgets, and directly affects the country's gross domestic product (GDP). This study aims to identify the factors that significantly contribute to cost overrun for road network projects in Egypt during the implementation phase. A survey was conducted to determine the most critical factors affecting the cost overrun for road network construction projects. Results showed that the main factors causing cost overrun are inaccurate cost estimates, design modifications, quantity changes, variation orders, political interference, inflation, specification changes, and change in the scope of work. This study will help decision-makers identify the factors that may affect the costs of future road projects and provide guidelines to mitigate the adverse effects observed during the implementation stage.
The objective of this document is to help the CEP examination's candidates to succeed on the CEP ... more The objective of this document is to help the CEP examination's candidates to succeed on the CEP exam. We will list what are the books and additional material required before you start to study, we will suggest a study plan and will provide you some tips to make the study process easier.
The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee B/516/12, Sampling a... more The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee B/516/12, Sampling and testing. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.
The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee B/516/12, Sampling a... more The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee B/516/12, Sampling and testing. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.
Appropriate budget contingency determination for construction projects: State-of-the-art, 2023
Contingency is a critical component in the cost estimation process for any construction project. ... more Contingency is a critical component in the cost estimation process for any construction project. The contingency reserve considers potential costs related to risks and uncertainties associated with construction projects. It is usually assumed to damp any resulting uncertain monetary impact and to prevent project cost overrun. Many contingency calculation methods for construction projects proposed in literature ranged from simple percentage to complex mathematical methods. Deciding the optimum contingency method for a given project at a given phase represents the main challenge in cost estimation process. This study presents a comprehensive compilation of all contingency calculation methods and divided them into three main groups: deterministic, probabilistic, and modern mathematical methods which have been discussed in details. Appropriate method for estimating contingency amount depends on many criteria such as project peculiarity, complexity, ease of method used, and the accuracy level of the estimates. This study proposed a practical guidance approach for construction agencies to choose their appropriate cost contingency method. This research is expected to help agencies/owners in the budget development stage to allocate a contingency budget for their construction projects.
Risk factors causing cost overruns in road networks, 2022
Cost overrun is a common phenomenon observed in construction projects worldwide. It is one of the... more Cost overrun is a common phenomenon observed in construction projects worldwide. It is one of the biggest challenges experienced in the construction industry that leads to overstretched budgets, and directly affects the country's gross domestic product (GDP). This study aims to identify the factors that significantly contribute to cost overrun for road network projects in Egypt during the implementation phase. A survey was conducted to determine the most critical factors affecting the cost overrun for road network construction projects. Results showed that the main factors causing cost overrun are inaccurate cost estimates, design modifications, quantity changes, variation orders, political interference, inflation, specification changes, and change in the scope of work. This study will help decision-makers identify the factors that may affect the costs of future road projects and provide guidelines to mitigate the adverse effects observed during the implementation stage.
The objective of this document is to help the CEP examination's candidates to succeed on the CEP ... more The objective of this document is to help the CEP examination's candidates to succeed on the CEP exam. We will list what are the books and additional material required before you start to study, we will suggest a study plan and will provide you some tips to make the study process easier.
Design of concrete structures is generally done within the framework of engineering codes, which ... more Design of concrete structures is generally done within the framework of engineering codes, which give specific requirements for materials and methods. BS 8110 codes (Part 1, 2 and 3) are the most widely acceptable codes of practice for design and construction of civil works in Nigeria. Most often, different kinds of materials (concrete and steel) in our industrial markets do not meet up with the properties and characteristic specifications in these codes. Hence, engineers during designs, find it difficult using these codes. This study reviewed BS 8110 codes provisions to suit materials and methods, as obtainable in Nigerian industrial markets. Different formulae were developed from first principle and the principle of interpolation to fill up the gaps in the BS 8110 codes (Part 1, 2 and 3). Among these formulations are: reinforced concrete requirements for steels of grades 250-460; and concretes grades C15-C50. Further improvement on BS 8110 code Part 3 was done to take in the present technological advancement in steel materials of 1.05 partial factor of safety, as in Parts 1 and 2 in compliance to Amendment No. 6 (BS 8110: Part 1, 1997). In this improved BS 8110 codes, Part 3 has over 438 design charts to facilitate ease of reinforced concrete design in Nigeria, among others, unlike the former, which has 50 design charts. There are several tables and provisions in Parts 1 and 2 to take in reinforced concrete fabrications from very low to high grade of construction materials.
The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee B/516/12, Sampling a... more The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee B/516/12, Sampling and testing. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.
The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee B/516/12, Sampling a... more The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee B/516/12, Sampling and testing. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.
The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee B/516, Cement and li... more The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee B/516, Cement and lime. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.
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