Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
Background Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the United States. An American suffers from a myocardial infarction approximately every 40 seconds. On average, men are 65 years…
PHARMACY
Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy
Background Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) is commonly used in the intensive care unit (ICU) setting and can consist of continuous venovenous hemodialysis (CVVHD), continuous venovenous hemofiltration (CVVH), or continuous…
Computed Tomography Scan
Background A computed tomography (CT) scan is a noninvasive imaging modality that uses rotating X-ray beams and detectors to produce high-quality cross-sectional imaging of anatomic structures. The word “tomography” comes…
Continuous Glucose Monitoring
Background Continuous glucose monitoring devices provide a way for patients to approximate their blood glucose by testing the interstitial fluid via the chemical reaction of fluorescence, every 1 to 5…
Chest X-Ray
Background A chest X-ray (CXR) is a noninvasive imaging procedure that uses ionizing radiation to produce a shadow image of the anatomic structures in the thoracic cavity. The term “X-ray”…
Chest Tube
Background A thoracostomy tube is a hollow plastic tube or catheter that is used to drain air, fluid, pus, or blood from the intrathoracic space ( Fig. 15.1 ). The…
Carotid Endarterectomy
Background Carotid endarterectomy (CEA) is a surgical procedure that involves the removal of plaque from the carotid arteries. Carotid arteries are the two major arteries located in the neck, which…
Bronchoscopy
Background Bronchoscopy is an endoscopic technique used to visualize the tracheobronchial tree for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. The word “bronchoscopy” is derived from Greek words by combining the prefix “broncho”…
Bladder Scan
Background A bladder scan is a portable noninvasive ultrasound device that measures the volume of urine in the bladder by using ultrasound waves measured in three dimensions. The machine calculates…
Bariatric Surgery
Background Bariatric surgery, or weight loss surgery, is any procedure intended to reduce weight in patients with morbid obesity. Bariatric, translated from Greek, literally means “weight medicine.” Bariatric surgery procedures…