Marco Rubio

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Marco Rubio (Republican Party) is a member of the U.S. Senate from Florida. He assumed office on January 3, 2011. His current term ends on January 3, 2029.

Rubio (Republican Party) ran for re-election to the U.S. Senate to represent Florida. He won in the general election on November 8, 2022.

Donald Trump (R) announced on November 13, 2024, that he had selected Rubio as his nominee for secretary of state in his second presidential term. This position requires Senate confirmation. In a statement, Trump said, "Marco is a Highly Respected Leader, and a very powerful Voice for Freedom. He will be a strong Advocate for our Nation, a true friend to our Allies, and a fearless Warrior who will never back down to our adversaries."^[1]

Rubio was first elected to the Senate in 2010 to replace retiring incumbent Mel Martinez (R). In the general election, Rubio defeated Kendrick B. Meek (D) and Gov. Charlie Crist (I). Crist had been running in the Republican primary against Rubio but dropped out to run as an independent after polling showed Rubio in the lead.^[2]

In April 2015, Rubio announced that he was running for president of the United States in 2016 and said he would not seek re-election to his Senate seat in 2016.^[3] Rubio dropped out of the presidential election in March 2016 after coming in second to Donald Trump in the Florida Republican primary. In June, Rubio announced that he would seek re-election to his Senate seat. He won re-election with 52 percent of the vote.

He previously was a member of the Florida House of Representatives from 2000 to 2008, serving as majority leader from 2003 to 2006 and House speaker from 2006 to 2008. Before serving in the state House, Rubio was a member of the West Miami City Commission.^[4] Rubio's parents immigrated to the United States from Cuba in 1956.^[5]

On May 18, 2020, Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell (R) announced Rubio as the interim chairman of the Senate Intelligence Committee. Rubio replaced Senator Richard Burr (R) who stepped down from the position on May 15, 2020, due to a pending federal investigation.^[6]

As of a 2014 analysis of multiple outside rankings, Rubio is an average Republican member of Congress, meaning he will vote with the Republican Party on the majority of bills.

Biography

Born to a family of Cuban immigrants, Rubio was raised in Miami, FL, and Las Vegas, NV. He attended South Miami Senior High School and graduated in 1989. He then attended Tarkio College for one year on a football scholarship from 1989 to 1990, before enrolling at Santa Fe Community College (later renamed Santa Fe College). He earned a B.S. degree from the University of Florida in 1993 and his J.D. degree cum laude from the University of Miami School of Law in 1996.^[4]

Career

Below is an abbreviated outline of Rubio's academic, professional, and political career:^[7]

2011-Present: U.S. Senator from Florida
2000-2008: Florida House of Representatives
- 2006-2008: Speaker
- 2003-2006: Majority Leader
1998-2000: West Miami City Commission
1996: Graduated from the University of Miami with a J.D.
1993: Graduated from the University of Florida with a B.S.

Committee assignments

U.S. Senate

2023-2024

Rubio was assigned to the following committees:^[Source]

2021-2022

Rubio was assigned to the following committees:^[Source]

2019-2020

Rubio was assigned to the following committees:^[Source]

Committee on Intelligence (Select), Interim chairman
Committee on Small Business and Entrepreneurship, Chairman
Committee on Aging (Special)
Committee on Foreign Relations
Senate Committee on Appropriations

2017-2018

At the beginning of the 115th Congress, Rubio was assigned to the following committees:^[8]

2015-2016

Rubio served on the following committees:^[9]

2013-2014

Rubio served on the following committees:^[10]

United States Senate Committee on Commerce, Science and Transportation
- Subcommittee on Surface Transportation and Merchant Marine Infrastructure, Safety, and Security
- Subcommittee on Science and Space
- Subcommittee on Oceans, Atmosphere, Fisheries, and Coast Guard
- Subcommittee on Communications, Technology, and the Internet
- Subcommittee on Aviation Operations, Safety, and Security
Foreign Relations Committee
- The Subcommittee on Western Hemisphere, Peace Corps and Global Narcotics Affairs
- The Subcommittee on Near Eastern and South and Central Asian Affairs
- The Subcommittee on International Operations and Organizations, Human Rights, Democracy and Global Women's Issues
- The Subcommittee on East Asian and Pacific Affairs Ranking Member
United States Senate Select Committee on Intelligence
Small Business and Entrepreneurship Committee

2011-2012

Rubio served on the following committees:

United States Senate Committee on Commerce, Science and Transportation
- Subcommittee on Communications, Technology, and the Internet
- Subcommittee on Oceans, Atmosphere, Fisheries, and Coast Guard
- Subcommittee on Science and Space
- Subcommittee on Surface Transportation and Merchant Marine Infrastructure, Safety, and Security
United States Senate Committee on Foreign Relations
- Subcommittee on Western Hemisphere, Peace Corps and Narcotics Affairs (Ranking Member)
- Subcommittee on Near Eastern and South and Central Asian Affairs
- Subcommittee on East Asian and Pacific Affairs
- Subcommittee on International Development and Foreign Assistance, Economic Affairs, and International Environmental Protection
United States Senate Select Committee on Intelligence
United States Senate Committee on Small Business and Entrepreneurship

Key votes

See also: Key votes

Ballotpedia monitors legislation that receives a vote and highlights the ones that we consider to be key to understanding where elected officials stand on the issues. To read more about how we identify key votes, click here.

Key votes: 118th Congress, 2023

The 118th United States Congress began on January 3, 2023, at which point Republicans held the majority in the U.S. House of Representatives (222-212), and Democrats held the majority in the U.S. Senate (51-49). Joe Biden (D) was the president and Kamala Harris (D) was the vice president. We identified the key votes below using Congress' top-viewed bills list and through marquee coverage of certain votes on Ballotpedia.

Key votes: 118th Congress, 2023

Vote

Bill and description

Status

Yea

National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2024

The National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2024 (H.R. 2670) was a bill passed by the 118th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on December 22, 2023, authorizing Department of Defense activities and programs for fiscal year 2024. The bill required a simple majority vote in the Senate to pass the bill as amended by a Senate and House conference report.^[11]

Passed (87-13)

Yea

Further Continuing Appropriations and Other Extensions Act, 2024

The Further Continuing Appropriations and Other Extensions Act, 2024 (H.R. 6363) was a bill passed by the 118th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on November 17, 2023, providing for the funding of federal agencies through January 19, 2024. The bill prevented a government shutdown that would have taken place if funding was not approved by November 17, 2023. The bill required a three-fifths majority vote in the Senate.^[12]

Passed (87-11)

Yea

Continuing Appropriations Act, 2024 and Other Extensions Act

The Continuing Appropriations Act, 2024 and Other Extensions Act (H.R. 5860) was a bill approved by the 118th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on September 30, 2023, providing for the funding of federal agencies through November 17, 2023. The bill prevented a government shutdown that would have taken place if funding was not approved by October 1, 2023. The bill required a three-fifths majority vote in the Senate.^[13]

Passed (88-9)

Nay

Fiscal Responsibility Act of 2023

The Fiscal Responsibility Act of 2023 (H.R. 3746) was a bill passed by the 118th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on June 3, 2023. The bill raised the federal debt limit until January 2025. The bill also capped non-defense spending in fiscal year 2024, rescinded unspent coronavirus relief funding, rescinded some Internal Revenue Service (IRS) funding, enhanced work requirements for the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) and the Temporary Assistance to Needy Families program (TANF), simplified environmental reviews for energy projects, and ended the student loan debt repayment pause in August 2023. The bill required a three-fifths majority vote in the Senate.^[14] Click here to read more.

Passed (63-36)

Yea

Relating to a national emergency declared by the President on March 13, 2020.

H.J.Res. 7 (Relating to a national emergency declared by the President on March 13, 2020.) was a joint resolution of disapproval under the terms of the Congressional Review Act (CRA) passed by the 118th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on April 10, 2023. The resolution ended the national coronavirus state of emergency, which began on March 13, 2020. The resolution required a simple majority vote in the Senate.^[15] Click here to read more.

Passed (68-23)

Yea

Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives relating to "Factoring Criteria for Firearms with Attached 'Stabilizing Braces'".

H.J.Res. 44 (Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives relating to "Factoring Criteria for Firearms with Attached 'Stabilizing Braces'".) was a joint resolution of disapproval under the terms of the Congressional Review Act (CRA) passed by the House of Representatives and voted down by the Senate. The bill sought to nullify a Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives (ATF) rule establishing criteria to determine whether firearms equipped with stabilizing braces that facilitate shoulder fire were subject to regulation under the National Firearms Act. The resolution required a simple majority vote in the Senate.^[16]

Failed (50-49)

Yea

Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of Labor relating to "Prudence and Loyalty in Selecting Plan Investments and Exercising Shareholder Rights".

H.J.Res. 30 (Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of Labor relating to "Prudence and Loyalty in Selecting Plan Investments and Exercising Shareholder Rights".) was a joint resolution of disapproval under the terms of the Congressional Review Act (CRA) passed by the 118th Congress and vetoed by President Joe Biden (D) on March 20, 2023. This was Biden's first veto of his presidency. The resolution sought to nullify a Department of Labor rule that amended the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (ERISA) to allow retirement plans to consider certain environmental, social, and corporate governance (ESG) factors in investment-related decisions. The resolution required a simple majority vote in the Senate.^[17] Click here to read more.

Passed (50-46)

Key votes: Previous sessions of Congress

Key votes (click "show" to expand or "hide" to contract)

Key votes: 117th Congress, 2021-2023

The 117th United States Congress began on January 3, 2021 and ended on January 3, 2023. At the start of the session, Democrats held the majority in the U.S. House of Representatives (222-213), and the U.S. Senate had a 50-50 makeup. Democrats assumed control of the Senate on January 20, 2021, when President Joe Biden (D) and Vice President Kamala Harris (D), who acted as a tie-breaking vote in the chamber, assumed office. We identified the key votes below using Congress' top-viewed bills list and through marquee coverage of certain votes on Ballotpedia.

Key votes: 117th Congress, 2021-2023

Vote

Bill and description

Status

Nay

Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act

The Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (H.R. 3684) was a federal infrastructure bill passed by the 117th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on November 15, 2021. Among other provisions, the bill provided funding for new infrastructure projects and reauthorizations, Amtrak maintenance and development, bridge repair, replacement, and rehabilitation, clean drinking water, high-speed internet, and clean energy transmission and power infrastructure upgrades. The bill required a 3/5 majority vote in the Senate to invoke cloture and a 1/2 majority vote on passage.^[18] Click here to read more.

Passed (69-30)

Nay

American Rescue Plan Act of 2021

The American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 (H.R. 1319) was a bill passed by the 117th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on March 11, 2021, to provide economic relief in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Key features of the bill included funding for a national vaccination program and response, funding to safely reopen schools, distribution of $1,400 per person in relief payments, and extended unemployment benefits. The bill required a 1/2 majority vote in the Senate.^[19] Click here to read more.

Passed (50-49)

Nay

Inflation Reduction Act of 2022

The Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 (H.R. 5376) was a bill passed by the 117th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on August 16, 2022, to address climate change, healthcare costs, and tax enforcement. Key features of the bill included a $369 billion investment to address energy security and climate change, an extension of Affordable Care Act subsidies, allowing Medicare to negotiate certain drug prices, a 15% corporate minimum tax, a 1% stock buyback fee, and enhanced Internal Revenue Service (IRS) enforcement, and an estimated $300 billion deficit reduction from 2022-2031. The bill required a 1/2 majority vote in the Senate.^[20] Click here to read more.

Passed (51-50)

Yea

National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2022

The National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2022 (S. 1605) was a bill passed by the 117th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on December 27, 2021, authorizing Department of Defense acitivities and programs for fiscal year 2022. The bill required a 3/5 majority vote in the Senate to invoke cloture and a 1/2 majority vote on passage.^[21]

Passed (88-11)

Yea

James M. Inhofe National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2023

The James M. Inhofe National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2023 (H.R. 7776) was a bill passed by the 117th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on December 23, 2022, authorizing Department of Defense activities and programs for fiscal year 2023. The bill required a 3/5 majority vote in the Senate to invoke cloture and a 1/2 majority vote on passage.^[22]

Passed (83-11)

Yea

Sergeant First Class Heath Robinson Honoring our Promise to Address Comprehensive Toxics Act of 2022

The Sergeant First Class Heath Robinson Honoring our Promise to Address Comprehensive Toxics Act of 2022 (S. 3373) was a bill passed by the 117th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on August 10, 2022, that sought to address healthcare access, the presumption of service-connection, and research, resources, and other matters related to veterans who were exposed to toxic substances during military service. The bill required a 3/5 majority vote in the Senate to invoke cloture and a 1/2 majority vote on passage.^[23]

Passed (86-11)

Nay

Chips and Science Act

The Chips and Science Act (H.R. 4346) was a bill approved by the 117th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on August 9, 2022, which sought to fund domestic production of semiconductors and authorized various federal science agency programs and activities. The bill required a 3/5 majority vote in the Senate to invoke cloture and a 1/2 majority vote on passage.^[24]

Passed (64-33)

Nay

Women’s Health Protection Act of 2021

The Women's Health Protection Act of 2021 (H.R. 3755) was a bill passed by the House of Representatives. The bill proposed prohibiting governmental restrictions on the provision of and access to abortion services and prohibiting governments from issuing some other abortion-related restrictions. The bill required a 3/5 majority vote in the Senate to invoke cloture and a 1/2 majority vote on passage.^[25]

Failed (46-48)

Nay

Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2022

The Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2022 (H.R. 2471) was a bill passed by the 117th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on March 15, 2022, providing for the funding of federal agencies for the remainder of 2022, providing funding for activities related to Ukraine, and modifying or establishing various programs. The bill required a 3/5 majority vote in the Senate to invoke cloture and a 1/2 majority vote on passage.^[26]

Passed (68-31)

Nay

Respect for Marriage Act

The Respect for Marriage Act (H.R. 8404) was a bill passed by the 117th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on December 13, 2022. The bill codified the recognition of marriages between individuals of the same sex and of different races, ethnicities, or national origins, and provided that the law would not impact religious liberty or conscience protections, or provide grounds to compel nonprofit religious organizations to recognize same-sex marriages. The bill required a 3/5 majority vote in the Senate to invoke cloture and a 1/2 majority vote on passage.^[27] Click here to read more.

Passed (61-36)

Not Voting

Continuing Appropriations and Ukraine Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2023

The Continuing Appropriations and Ukraine Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2023 (H.R. 6833) was a bill approved by the 117th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on September 30, 2022. It provided for some fiscal year 2023 appropriations, supplemental funds for Ukraine, and extended several other programs and authorities. The bill required a 3/5 majority vote in the Senate to invoke cloture and a 1/2 majority vote on passage.^[28]

Passed (72-25)

Yea

COVID-19 Hate Crimes Act

The COVID-19 Hate Crimes Act (S. 937) was a bill passed by the 117th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on May 20, 2021, that included provisions to designate an officer or employee of the Department of Justice (DOJ) to facilitate expedited review of hate crimes, required the DOJ to issue guidance to law enforcement agencies aimed to establish online hate crime reporting processes and to raise awareness about hate crimes during the COVID-19 pandemic, and established state grants to create hate crime reporting hotlines, among other related provisions. The bill required a 3/5 majority vote in the Senate to invoke cloture and a 1/2 majority vote on passage.^[29]

Passed (94-1)

Nay

Postal Service Reform Act of 2022

The Postal Service Reform Act of 2022 (H.R. 3076) was a bill passed by the 117th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on April 6, 2022, that sought to address healthcare and retirement benefits for postal workers, allow USPS to provide certain nonpostal products and services, and expand service performance and budgetary reporting. The bill required a 3/5 majority vote in the Senate to invoke cloture and a 1/2 majority vote on passage.^[30]

Passed (79-19)

Nay

Bipartisan Safer Communities Act

The Bipartisan Safer Communities Act (S. 2938) was a firearm regulation and mental health bill passed by the 117th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on June 25, 2022. Provisions of the bill included expanding background checks for individuals under the age of 21, providing funding for mental health services, preventing individuals who had been convicted of a domestic violence misdemeanor or felony in dating relationships from purchasing firearms for five years, providing funding for state grants to implement crisis intervention order programs, and providing funding for community-based violence prevention initiatives. The bill required a 3/5 majority vote in the Senate to invoke cloture and a 1/2 majority vote on passage.^[31] Click here to read more.

Passed (65-33)

Nay

Extending Government Funding and Delivering Emergency Assistance Act

The Extending Government Funding and Delivering Emergency Assistance Act (H.R. 5305) was a bill passed by the 117th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on September 30, 2021, that provided for continuing fiscal year 2022 appropriations to federal agencies through December 3, 2021, in order to prevent a government shutdown that would have otherwise occurred if fiscal year 2022 appropriations bills had not been passed by October 1, 2021. The bill required a 3/5 majority vote in the Senate.^[32]

Passed (65-35)

Not guilty

Impeaching Donald John Trump, President of the United States, for high crimes and misdemeanors.

This was a resolution before the 117th Congress setting forth an article of impeachment saying that Donald Trump (R) incited an insurrection against the government of the United States on January 6, 2021. The House of Representatives approved the article of impeachment, and the Senate adjudged that Trump was not guilty of the charges. Conviction on the impeachment charges required a 2/3 majority vote in the Senate.^[33] Click here to read more.

Not guilty (57-43)

Nay

Domestic Terrorism Prevention Act of 2022

The Domestic Terrorism Prevention Act of 2022 (H.R. 350) was a bill passed by the House of Representatives and voted down by the Senate in a failed cloture vote that sought to expand the availability and reporting of information about domestic terrorism, enhance the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), the Department of Justice (DOJ), and the Federal Bureau of Investigation's (FBI) ability to prosecute domestic terrorism, among other things. The bill required a 3/5 majority vote in the Senate to invoke cloture and a 1/2 majority vote on passage.^[34]

Failed (47-47)

Nay

A concurrent resolution setting forth the congressional budget for the United States Government for fiscal year 2022 and setting forth the appropriate budgetary levels for fiscal years 2023 through 2031.

This concurrent resolution (S.Con.Res. 14) was a budget resolution passed by the 117th Congress outlining the fiscal year 2022 federal government budget, setting forth budgetary levels for fiscal years 2023-2031, and providing reconciliation instructions for legislation that increased the deficit. It contained a proposed framework for the Build Back Better Act. The resolution required 1/2 majority vote in the Senate.^[35] Click here to read more.

Passed (50-49)

Nay

Freedom to Vote: John R. Lewis Act

The Freedom to Vote: John R. Lewis Act was a federal elections bill approved by the House of Representatives and voted down by the Senate in a failed cloture vote that sought to, among other provisions, make Election Day a public holiday, allow for same-day voter registration, establish minimum early voting periods, and allow absentee voting for any reason, restrict the removal of local election administrators in federal elections, regulate congressional redistricting, expand campaign finance disclosure rules for some organizations, and amend the Voting Rights Act to require some states to obtain clearance from the U.S. Department of Justice before implementing new election laws. The bill required a 3/5 majority vote in the Senate to invoke cloture and a 1/2 majority vote on passage.^[36] Click here to read more.

Failed (49-51)

Nay

Electoral Count Reform and Presidential Transition Improvement Act of 2022

The Electoral Count Reform and Presidential Transition Improvement Act was a bill passed by the 117th Congress in the form of an amendment to a year-end omnibus funding bill that was signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on December 23, 2022. The bill changed the procedure for counting electoral votes outlined in the Electoral Count Act of 1887. Elements of the bill included specifying that the vice president's role at the joint session of congress to count electoral votes is ministerial, raising the objection threshold at the joint session of congress to count electoral votes to one-fifth of the members of both the House of Representatives and the Senate, identifying governors as the single official responsible for submitting the certificate of ascertainment identifying that state’s electors, and providing for expedited judicial review of certain claims about states' certificates identifying their electors. The bill required a 3/5 majority vote in the Senate to concur in the House's version of the bill.^[37] Click here to read more.

Passed (68-29)

Key votes: 116th Congress, 2019-2021

The 116th United States Congress began on January 9, 2019, and ended on January 3, 2021. At the start of the session, Democrats held the majority in the U.S. House of Representatives (235-200), and Republicans held the majority in the U.S. Senate (53-47). Donald Trump (R) was the president and Mike Pence (R) was the vice president. We identified the key votes below using Congress' top-viewed bills list and through marquee coverage of certain votes on Ballotpedia.

Key votes: 116th Congress, 2019-2021

Vote

Bill and description

Status

Yea

CARES Act

The Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act (H.R. 748) was a bill passed by the 116th Congress and signed into law by President Donald Trump (R) on March 27, 2020, that expanded benefits through the joint federal-state unemployment insurance program during the coronavirus pandemic. The legislation also included $1,200 payments to certain individuals, funding for Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) benefits, and funds for businesses, hospitals, and state and local governments. The bill required a three-fifths majority vote in the Senate.^[38]

Passed (96-0)

Yea

National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2020

The National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2020 (S. 1790) was a bill passed by the 116th Congress and signed into law by President Donald Trump (R) on December 20, 2019, setting policies and appropriations for the Department of Defense. Key features of this bill include appropriations for research/development, procurement, military construction, and operation/maintenence, as well as policies for paid family leave, North Korea nuclear sanctions, limiting the use of criminal history in federal hiring and contracting, military housing privatization, and paid family leave for federal personnel. This bill required a simple majroity vote in the Senate. ^[39]

Passed (86-8)

Yea

Families First Coronavirus Response Act

The Families First Coronavirus Response Act (H.R. 6201) was a bill passed by the 116th Congress and signed into law by President Donald Trump (R) on March 18, 2020, addressing the COVID-19 pandemic by increasing access to unemployment benefits and food assistance, increasing funding for Medicaid, providing free testing for COVID-19, and requiring employers to provide paid sick time to employees who cannot work due to COVID-19. The bill required a three-fifths majority vote in the Senate.^[40]

Passed (90-8)

Yea

Further Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2020

The Further Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2020 (H.R. 1865) was a bill passed by the 116th Congress and signed into law by President Donald Trump (R) on December 20, 2019, providing appropriations for federal agencies in fiscal year 2020. This bill required a simple majority vote in the Senate.^[41]

Passed (71-23)

Yea

Coronavirus Preparedness and Response Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2020

The Coronavirus Preparedness and Response Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2020 (H.R. 6074) was a bill passed by the 116th Congress and signed into law by President Donald Trump on March 6, 2020, providing emergency funding to federal agencies in response to the COVID-19 outbreak. Key features of the bill include funding for vaccine research, small business loans, humanitarian assistance to affected foreign countries, emergency preparedness, and grants for public health agencies and organizations. This bill required a three-fifths majority vote in the Senate.^[42]

Passed (96-1)

Nay

Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2019

The Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2019 (H.J.Res. 31) was a bill passed by the 116th Congress and signed into law by President Donald Trump on February 15, 2019, providing approrations for Fiscal Year 2019. This bill required a simple majority vote in the Senate.^[43]

Passed (83-16)

Yea

John D. Dingell, Jr. Conservation, Management, and Recreation Act

The John D. Dingell, Jr. Conservation, Management, and Recreation Act (S. 47) was a bill passed by the 116th Congress and signed into law by President Doanld Trump on March 12, 2019. This bill sought to set provisions for federal land management and conservation by doing things such as conducting land exchanges and conveyances, establishing programs to respond to wildfires, and extending and reauthorizing wildlife conservation programs. This bill required a simple majority vote in the Senate.^[44]

Passed (92-8)

Yea

William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 (passage)

The William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 (H.R. 6395) was a bill passed by the 116th Congress and vetoed by President Donald Trump on December 23, 2020. Congress voted to override Trump's veto, and the bill became law on January 1, 2021. The bill set Department of Defense policies and appropriations for Fiscal Year 2021. Trump vetoed the bill due to disagreement with provisions related to Section 230 of the Communications Decency Act, the renaming of certain military installations, limits on emergency military construction fund usage, and limits on troop withdrawals. This bill required a simple majority vote in the Senate on passage, and a two-thirds majority vote to overcome the veto.^[45]

Passed (84-13)

Yea

William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 (overcoming veto)

The William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 (H.R. 6395) was a bill passed by the 116th Congress and vetoed by President Donald Trump on December 23, 2020. Congress voted to override Trump's veto, and the bill became law on January 1, 2021. The bill set Department of Defense policies and appropriations for Fiscal Year 2021. Trump vetoed the bill due to disagreement with provisions related to Section 230 of the Communications Decency Act, the renaming of certain military installations, limits on emergency military construction fund usage, and limits on troop withdrawals. This bill required a simple majority vote in the Senate on passage, and a two-thirds majority vote to overcome the veto.^[46]

Passed (81-13)

Yea

Strengthening America's Security in the Middle East Act of 2019

The Strengthening America's Security in the Middle East Act of 2019 (S. 1) is a bill approved by the Senate that sought to address security in certain Middle Eastern countries by sending resources to Israel, extending defense cooperation in Jordan, establishing sanctions related to the conflict in Syria, and allowing states to divest from entities boycotting Israel. The bill required a simple majority vote in the Senate.^[47]

Passed (77-23)

Not Voting

Continuing Appropriations Act, 2021 and Other Extensions Act

The Continuing Appropriations Act, 2021 and Other Extensions Act (H.R. 8337) was a bill passed by the 116th Congress and signed into law by President Donald Trump on October 1st, 2020, continuing appropriations to federal agencies for Fiscal Year 2021 as well as extending certain expiring programs that address issues such as health care, surface transportation, agriculture, and veterans benefits. This bill required a simple majority vote in the Senate.^[48]

Passed (84-10)

Yea

Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2020

The Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2020 (H.R. 1158) was a bill passed by the 116th Congress and signed into law by President Donald Trump on December 20, 2019, providing appropriations for the 2020 Fiscal Year for federal agencies. This bill required a simple majority vote in the Senate.^[49]

Passed (81-11)

Yea

Further Continuing Appropriations Act, 2020, and Further Health Extenders Act of 2019

The Further Continuing Appropriations Act, 2020, and Further Health Extenders Act of 2019 (H.R. 3055) was a bill passed by the 116th Congress and signed into law by President Donald Trump (R) on December 20, 2019, providing Fiscal Year 2020 appropriations to federal agencies through December 20, 2019 and extending certain programs and authorites that were set to expire. This bill prevented a government shutdown, and provided a pay raise for the military, repealed a revocation of state highway funding, and modified the United States Victims of State Sponsored Terrorism Fund. This bill required a two-thirds majority vote in the Senate.^[50]

Passed (74-20)

Yea

Never Forget the Heroes: James Zadroga, Ray Pfeifer, and Luis Alvarez Permanent Authorization of the September 11th Victim Compensation Fund Act

The Never Forget the Heroes: James Zadroga, Ray Pfeifer, and Luis Alvarez Permanent Authorization of the September 11th Victim Compensation Fund Act (H.R. 1327) was a bill passed by the 116th Congress and signed into law by President Donald Trump on July 29, 2019, providing funds for the September 11th Victim Compensation Fund of 2001. Key features of the bill included allowing claims to be filed until October 2090, removing the cap on noneconomic damages in certain circumstances, and periodically adjusting the annual limit on economic loss compensation for inflation. This bill required a simple majority vote from the Senate. ^[51]

Passed (97-2)

Not guilty

Impeaching Donald John Trump, President of the United States, for high crimes and misdemeanors. (article 1)

The 2020 impeachment of Donald Trump (R) was a resolution before the 116th Congress to set forth two articles of impeachment saying that Trump abused his power and obstructed congress. The first article was related to allegations that Trump requested the Ukrainian government investigate former Vice President Joe Biden (D) and his son, Hunter Biden, in exchange for aid, and the second was related to Trump's response to the impeachment inquiry.The House of Representatives approved both articles of impeachment, and the Senate adjudged that Trump was not guilty of either charge. Conviction on the impeachment charges required a two-thirds majority vote in the Senate. ^[52]

Not Guilty (52-48)

Not guilty

Impeaching Donald John Trump, President of the United States, for high crimes and misdemeanors. (article 2)

The 2020 impeachment of Donald Trump (R) was a resolution before the 116th Congress to set forth two articles of impeachment saying that Trump abused his power and obstructed congress. The first article was related to allegations that Trump requested the Ukrainian government investigate former Vice President Joe Biden (D) and his son, Hunter Biden, in exchange for aid, and the second was related to Trump's response to the impeachment inquiry.The House of Representatives approved both articles of impeachment, and the Senate adjudged that Trump was not guilty of either charge. Conviction on the impeachment charges required a two-thirds majority vote in the Senate. ^[53]

Not Guilty (53-47)

Yea

United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement Implementation Act

The United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement Implementation Act (H.R. 5430) was a bill passed by the 116th Congress and signed into law by President Donald Trump (R) on October 21, 2020, establishing a trade agreement between the United States, Mexico, and Canada meant to replace the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) by establishing provisions such as labor and environment monitoring and enforcement, de minimis levels for U.S. exports, and cooperation among treaty members to prevent duty evasion. This bill required a simple majority vote in the Senate.^[54]

Passed (89-10)

Yea

Pallone-Thune Telephone Robocall Abuse Criminal Enforcement and Deterrence Act

The Pallone-Thune Telephone Robocall Abuse Criminal Enforcement and Deterrence Act (S. 151) was a bill passed by the 116th Congress and signed into law by President Donald Trump (R) on December 30, 2019, setting forth rules to reduce criminal robot calls. Some key featues of the bill included requiring voice service providers to develop call authentication technologies, creating rules to protect a subscriber from receiving unwanted calls or texts from a caller using an unauthenticated number, and protecting individuals from one-ring scams. This bill required a simple majority vote in the Senate.^[55]

Passed (97-1)

Yea

Emergency Supplemental Appropriations for Humanitarian Assistance and Security at the Southern Border Act, 2019

The Emergency Supplemental Appropriations for Humanitarian Assistance and Security at the Southern Border Act, 2019 (H.R. 3401) was a bill passed by the 116th Congress and signed into law by President Donald Trump (R) on July 1, 2019, providing emergency approprations for humanitarian assistance and security to respond to people attempting to enter the United States at the southern border. This bill required a three-fifths majority vote in the Senate.^[56]

Passed (84-8)

Yea

Additional Supplemental Appropriations for Disaster Relief Act, 2019

The Additional Supplemental Appropriations for Disaster Relief Act, 2019 (H.R. 2157) was a bill passed by the 116th Congress and signed into law by President Donald Trump on June 6, 2019, providing approprations to certain federal departments in order to address expenses incured by recent natural disasters. This bill required a simple majority vote in the Senate.^[57]

Passed (85-8)

Yea

Relating to a national emergency declared by the President on February 15, 2019.

H.J.Res.46 (Relating to a national emergency declared by the President on February 15, 2019.) was a resolution passed by the 116th Congress and vetoed by President Donald Trump (R). This resolution sought to terminate the national emergency related to the U.S.-Mexico border, declared by President Trump on February 15, 2019. The bill required a simple majority vote in the Senate.^[58]

Passed (59-41)

Key votes: 115th Congress, 2017-2018

For detailed information about each vote, click here.

Votes on domestic policy (click to expand)

Voted Nay on: First Step Act of 2018 (S 756)

Motion Agreed to (87-12) on December 18, 2018

Proposed making changes to the criminal justice system.^[59]

Voted Nay on: Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (HR 2)

Conference Report Agreed to (87-13) on December 11, 2018

Proposed providing funding for commodity support, conservation, trade and international food aid, nutrition assistance, farm credit, rural development, research and extension activities, forestry, horticulture, and crop insurance through fiscal year 2023.^[60]

Voted Yea on: "Brett M. Kavanaugh, of Maryland, to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States" (PN2259)

Nomination Confirmed (50-48) on October 6, 2018

Brett M. Kavanaugh, of Maryland, to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States^[61]

Voted Yea on: "Brett M. Kavanaugh, of Maryland, to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States" (PN2259)

Cloture Motion Agreed to (51-49) on October 5, 2018

Brett M. Kavanaugh, of Maryland, to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States^[62]

Voted Yea on: Agriculture and Nutrition Act of 2018 (HR 2)

Bill Passed (86-11, 3/5 majority required) on June 28, 2018

Proposed providing funding for commodity support, conservation, trade and international food aid, nutrition assistance, farm credit, rural development, research and extension activities, forestry, horticulture, and crop insurance.^[63]

Voted Yea on: Immigration reform proposal from Sen. Chuck Grassley and the Trump administration (S Amdt 1959 to HR 2579)

Cloture Motion Rejected (39-60, 3/5 majority required) on February 15, 2018

Proposed providing a path to citizenship for 1.8 million individuals brought into the U.S. without legal permission as children, $25 billion for border security, limits on chain migration or family-based migration, and eliminating the visa lottery system.^[64]

Voted Nay on: Immigration reform proposal from the Common Sense Coalition (S Amdt 1958 to HR 2579)

Cloture Motion Rejected (54-45, 3/5 majority required) on February 15, 2018

Proposed providing a path to citizenship for individuals brought into the U.S. without legal permission as children, $25 billion for border security, and limitations on chain or family-based immigration.^[65]

Voted Yea on: Stop Dangerous Sanctuary Cities Act amendment (S Amdt 1948 to S Amdt 1959)

Cloture Motion Rejected (54-45, 3/5 majority required) on February 15, 2018

Proposed withholding funding from sanctuary jurisdictions for not cooperating with federal immigration officials.^[66]

Voted Nay on: Coons-McCain immigration plan (S Amdt 1955 to S Amdt 1958)

Cloture Motion Rejected (52-47, 3/5 majority required) on February 15, 2018

Proposed providing a path to citizenship for individuals brought into the U.S. without legal permission as children and conducting a study to determine what border security measures were needed. It also proposed requiring the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) to secure the U.S.-Mexico border by 2021.^[67]

Voted Yea on: Pain-Capable Unborn Child Protection Act (S 2311)

Cloture on the Motion to Proceed Rejected (51-46, 3/5 majority required) on January 29, 2018

Proposed amending the federal criminal code to make it a crime for any person to perform or attempt to perform an abortion if the probable post-fertilization age of the fetus was 20 weeks or more. The bill proposed providing exceptions for an abortion: (1) that was necessary to save the life of the pregnant woman, or (2) when the pregnancy was the result of rape or incest.^[68]

Voted Yea on: An amendment to repeal the requirements for individuals to enroll in health insurance and for employers to offer it—"Skinny bill" (S Amdt 667 to S Amdt 267 to HR 1628 the American Health Care Act of 2017)

Amendment Rejected (49-51) on July 28, 2017

The amendment proposed repealing the requirements for individuals to enroll in health insurance and for employers to offer it.^[69]

Voted Yea on: An amendment to repeal the ACA, including Paul amendment (No. 271) (S Amdt 271 to S Amdt 267 to HR 1628)

Amendment Rejected (45-55) on July 26, 2017

An amendment to repeal the ACA, including Paul amendment (No. 271)^[70]

Voted Yea on: Motion to advance the Better Care Reconciliation Act of 2017, including Cruz and Portman amendments (S Amdt 270 to S Amdt 267 to HR 1628)

Motion Rejected (43-57, 3/5 majority required) on July 25, 2017

A procedural vote to advance the Better Care Reconciliation Act of 2017 (BCRA), including the Cruz and Portman amendments.^[71]

Voted Yea on: Motion to begin debate on the American Health Care Act of 2017 (HR 1628)

Motion to Proceed Agreed to (50-50, Vice President voted Yea) on July 25, 2017

Proposed providing for reconciliation pursuant to title II of the concurrent resolution on the budget for fiscal year 2017.^[72]

Voted Yea on: Neil M. Gorsuch, of Colorado, to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (PN55(4)—confirmation vote)

Nomination Confirmed (54-45) on April 7, 2017

Neil M. Gorsuch, of Colorado, to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States—confirmation vote.^[73]

Voted Yea on: Neil M. Gorsuch, of Colorado, to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (PN55(3))

Cloture Motion Agreed to (55-45) on April 6, 2017

Neil M. Gorsuch, of Colorado, to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States—second vote to end debate and move to a vote on Gorsuch's nomination under the new precedent requiring only a simple majority to pass.^[74]

Voted Nay on: Neil M. Gorsuch, of Colorado, to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (PN55(2))

Decision of Chair Not Sustained (48-52) on April 6, 2017

Neil M. Gorsuch, of Colorado, to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States—a vote to keep the Senate precedent of requiring 60 votes to close debate on Supreme Court nominations.^[75]

Voted Yea on: Neil M. Gorsuch, of Colorado, to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (PN55)

Cloture Motion Rejected (55-45, 3/5 majority required) on April 6, 2017

Neil M. Gorsuch, of Colorado, to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States—initial vote to end debate and move to a vote on Gorsuch's nomination.^[76]

Votes on economic affairs and regulations (click to expand)

Voted Yea on: "Department of Defense and Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education Appropriations Act, 2019" (HR 6157)

Conference Report Agreed to (93-7) on September 18, 2018

Proposed authorizing FY2019 appropriations and policies for the Departments of Defense, Health and Human Services (HHS), Labor, and Education.^[77]

Voted Yea on: "Energy and Water, Legislative Branch, and Military Construction and Veterans Affairs Appropriations Act, 2019" (HR 5895)

Conference Report Agreed to (92-5) on September 12, 2018

Proposed authorizing FY2019 appropriations and policies for the Department of Energy, water resources, the legislative branch, military construction, and the Department of Veterans Affairs, among other programs.^[78]

Voted Yea on: "Department of Defense and Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education Appropriations Act, 2019" (HR 6157)

Bill Passed (85-7) on August 23, 2018

Proposed authorizing FY2019 appropriations and policies for the Departments of Defense, Health and Human Services (HHS), Labor, and Education.^[79]

Voted Yea on: "Energy and Water, Legislative Branch, and Military Construction and Veterans Affairs Appropriations Act, 2019" (HR 5895)

Bill Passed (86-5) on June 25, 2018

Proposed authorizing FY2019 appropriations and policies for the Department of Energy, water resources, the legislative branch, military construction, and the Department of Veterans Affairs, among other programs.^[80]

Voted Yea on: Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2018 (HR 1625)

Motion Agreed to (65-32) on March 23, 2018

Proposed providing appropriations for fiscal year 2018, and for other purposes.^[81]

Voted Yea on: The Bipartisan Budget Act of 2018 (HR 1892)

Motion Agreed to (71-28) on February 9, 2018

Proposed providing further continuing appropriations through March 23, 2018^[82]

Voted Yea on: Further Additional Continuing Appropriations Act, 2018 (HR 695)

Cloture Motion Rejected (55-44, 3/5 majority required) on February 8, 2018

Proposed providing further continuing appropriations through March 23, 2018.^[83]

Voted Yea on: Further Additional Continuing Appropriations Act, 2018 (HR 195)

Motion Agreed to (81-18) on January 22, 2018

Proposed providing further continuing appropriations through February 8, 2018.^[84]

Voted Yea on: Further Additional Continuing Appropriations Act, 2018 (HR 195)

Cloture Motion Agreed to (81-18, 3/5 majority required) on January 22, 2018

Proposed providing further continuing appropriations through February 8, 2018.^[85]

Voted Yea on: Further Additional Continuing Appropriations Act, 2018 (HR 195)

Cloture Motion Rejected (50-49, 3/5 majority required) on January 19, 2018

Proposed providing further continuing appropriations through January 19, 2018.^[86]

Voted Yea on: Further Additional Continuing Appropriations Act, 2018 (HR 1370)

Motion Agreed to (66-32, 3/5 majority required) on December 21, 2017

Proposed providing further continuing appropriations through January 19, 2018.^[87]

Voted Yea on: Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (HR 1)

Motion Agreed to (51-48) on December 20, 2017

Proposed providing for reconciliation pursuant to titles II and V of the concurrent resolution on the budget for fiscal year 2018 and proposed changes to the tax code.^[88]

Voted Yea on: "A joint resolution making further continuing appropriations for fiscal year 2018, and for other purposes." (HJ Res 123)

Joint Resolution Passed (81-14) on December 7, 2017

Proposed funding the government until December 22, 2017.^[89]

Voted Yea on: Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (HR 1)

Bill Passed (51-49) on December 2, 2017

Proposed amending the Internal Revenue Code to reduce tax rates and modify policies, credits, and deductions for individuals and businesses.^[90]

Voted Yea on: A concurrent resolution establishing the congressional budget for the United States Government for fiscal year 2018 and setting forth the appropriate budgetary levels for fiscal years 2019 through 2027. (H Con Res 71)

Concurrent Resolution Agreed to (51-49) on October 19, 2017

Proposed establishing the congressional budget for the United States Government for fiscal year 2018 and setting forth the appropriate budgetary levels for fiscal years 2019 through 2027.^[91]

Did not vote on: Disaster Relief Appropriations Act, 2017 (Included amendments to suspend the debt ceiling and fund the government) (HR 601)

Motion Agreed to (80-17) on September 7, 2017

Proposed suspending the debt ceiling and funding the government until December 8, 2017, and providing funding for Hurricanes Harvey and Irma relief efforts.^[92]

Voted Yea on: Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2017 (HR 244)

Motion Agreed to (79-18) on May 4, 2017

The $1.2 trillion budget bill proposed funding the government through the end of the fiscal year on September 30, 2017.^[93]

Votes on foreign policy and national security issues (click to expand)

Voted Nay on: "A joint resolution to direct the removal of United States Armed Forces from hostilities in the Republic of Yemen that have not been authorized by Congress." (SJ Res 54)

Joint Resolution Passed (56-41) on December 13, 2018

Proposed removing United States Armed Forces from hostilities in the Republic of Yemen that were not authorized by Congress.^[94]

Did not vote on: National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2018 (HR 2810)

Bill Passed (89-8) on September 18, 2017

Proposed authorizing appropriations for fiscal year 2018 for military activities of the Department of Defense, for military construction, and for defense activities of the Department of Energy, and to prescribe military personnel strengths for such fiscal year, and for other purposes. On November 15, 2017, the Senate passed the defense policy bill by voice vote. This bill was the result of compromises made in the conference report. For more information on the compromise bill, click here.^[95]^[96]

Voted Yea on: Countering America's Adversaries Through Sanctions Act (HR 3364)

Bill Passed (98-2) on July 27, 2017

Proposed providing congressional review and proposed countering aggression by the governments of Iran, the Russian Federation, and North Korea, and for other purposes.^[97]

Voted Yea on: Countering Iran's Destabilizing Activities Act of 2017 (S 722)

Bill Passed (98-2) on June 15, 2017

Proposed providing congressional review and proposed countering aggression by the governments of Iran, the Russian Federation, and North Korea, and for other purposes.^[98]

114th Congress

The first session of the 114th Congress enacted into law six out of the 2,616 introduced bills (0.2 percent). Comparatively, the 113th Congress had 1.3 percent of introduced bills enacted into law in the first session. In the second session, the 114th Congress enacted 133 out of 3,159 introduced bills (4.2 percent). Comparatively, the 113th Congress had 7.0 percent of introduced bills enacted into law in the second session.^[99]^[100] The Senate confirmed 18,117 out of 21,815 executive nominations received (83 percent). For more information pertaining to Rubio's voting record in the 114th Congress, please see the below sections.^[101]

Economic and fiscal

Trade Act of 2015

See also: The Trans-Pacific Partnership trade deal, 2015

On May 22, 2015, the Senate passed HR 1314, which was used as a legislative vehicle for trade legislation with the titles "Trade Act of 2015" and the "Bipartisan Congressional Trade Priorities and Accountability Act of 2015," by a vote of 62-37. The bill proposed giving the president trade promotion authority (TPA). TPA, also known as fast track authority, allows the president to negotiate trade deals that cannot be amended by Congress. Congress casts a simple up or down vote on a trade agreement, and the legislation only requires a simple majority for approval. The bill also included a statement of trade priorities and provisions for trade adjustment assistance. Rubio voted with 47 other Republican senators to approve the bill.^[102]^[103]
Trade promotion authority
On June 24, 2015, by a vote of 60-38, the Senate approved trade promotion authority (TPA) as part of HR 2146 - Defending Public Safety Employees' Retirement Act. Rubio was one of two Republicans who did not vote on the bill. After, Senate Republican leadership honored a pledge to support trade adjustment assistance (TAA) by passing the measure as part of HR 1295 - Trade Preferences Extension Act of 2015 by voice vote. The House passed HR 1295 the following day, on June 25, 2015, and both TPA and TAA were signed into law on June 29, 2015.^[104]^[105]^[106]

2016 Budget proposal

On May 5, 2015, the Senate voted to approve SConRes11, a congressional budget proposal for fiscal year 2016, by a vote of 51-48. The non-binding resolution will be used to create 12 appropriations bills to fund the government. The vote marked the first time since 2009 that Congress approved a joint budget resolution. All 44 Democrats voted against the resolution. Rubio voted with 50 other Republican senators to approve the bill.^[107]^[108]^[109]

Defense spending authorization

On November 10, 2015, the Senate passed S 1356 - the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2016 by a vote of 91-3. The second version of the $607 billion national defense bill included "$5 billion in cuts to match what was approved in the budget" and language preventing the closure of the Guantanamo Bay military prison.^[110]^[111] Rubio and five Republicans did not vote.^[112] On November 5, 2015, the House passed the bill by a vote of 370-58, and President Barack Obama signed it into law on November 25, 2015.^[113]

On June 18, 2015, the Senate passed HR 1735 - National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2016 by a vote of 71-25. The bill "authorizes FY2016 appropriations and sets forth policies for Department of Defense (DOD) programs and activities, including military personnel strengths. It does not provide budget authority, which is provided in subsequent appropriations legislation." Rubio voted with 48 Republicans, 21 Democrats and one Independent to approve the bill.^[114] The House passed the bill on May 15, 2015.^[115] President Barack Obama vetoed the bill on October 22, 2015.^[116]

2015 budget

On October 30, 2015, the Senate passed HR 1314 - Bipartisan Budget Act of 2015 by a vote of 64-35. The bill increased military and domestic spending levels and suspended the debt ceiling until March 2017.^[117] Rubio voted with 34 Republicans against the bill.^[118] It passed the House on October 28, 2015.^[119] President Barack Obama signed it into law on November 2, 2015.

Foreign Affairs

Iran nuclear deal

See also: Iran nuclear agreement, 2015

On May 7, 2015, the Senate voted to approve HR 1191 - A bill to provide for congressional review and oversight of agreements relating to Iran's nuclear program, and for other purposes, by a vote of 98-1. The bill required President Barack Obama to submit the details of the nuclear deal with Iran for congressional review. Congress had 60 days to review the deal and vote to approve, disapprove or take no action on the deal. During the review period, sanctions on Iran could not be lifted. Rubio voted with 52 other Republican senators to approve the bill. Senator Tom Cotton (Ark.) was the only Republican who voted against the bill.^[120]^[121]

Hire More Heroes Act of 2015
On September 10, 2015, the Senate voted to filibuster the measure to disapprove of the Iran nuclear deal by a vote of 58-42.^[122] Sixty votes were needed to proceed to HJ Res 61 - the Hire More Heroes Act of 2015, the legislative vehicle the Senate was expected to use to disapprove of the Iran nuclear deal. Rubio voted with 53 other Republicans and four Democrats to proceed to the measure of disapproval.^[123]

Hire More Heroes Act of 2015 follow up votes
On September 15, 2015, the Senate voted for a second time to filibuster the measure to disapprove of the Iran nuclear deal by a vote of 56-42.^[124] Sixty votes were needed to proceed to HJ Res 61 - the Hire More Heroes Act of 2015, the legislative vehicle the Senate was expected to use to disapprove of the Iran nuclear deal. Rubio voted with 51 Republicans and four Democrats to proceed to the measure of disapproval.^[125] The legislation was voted on for a third time on September 17, and it failed for a third time by a vote of 56-42.^[126]

Hire More Heroes Act of 2015 fourth vote
On September 17, 2015, the Senate voted to filibuster a vote on S.Amdt.2656 to S.Amdt.2640 by a vote of 53-45. The amendment proposed prohibiting "the President from waiving, suspending, reducing, providing relief from, or otherwise limiting the application of sanctions pursuant to an agreement related to the nuclear program of Iran."^[127] Rubio did not vote.^[128]

Domestic

USA FREEDOM Act of 2015

On June 2, 2015, the Senate passed HR 2048 - the Uniting and Strengthening America by Fulfilling Rights and Ensuring Effective Discipline Over Monitoring Act of 2015 or the USA FREEDOM Act of 2015 by a vote of 67-32. The legislation revised HR 3199 - the USA PATRIOT Improvement and Reauthorization Act of 2005 by terminating the bulk collection of metadata under Sec. 215 of the act, requiring increased reporting from the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court and requiring the use of "a specific selection term as the basis for national security letters that request information from wire or electronic communication service providers, financial institutions, or consumer reporting agencies." Rubio voted with 29 Republicans, one Democrat and one independent against the legislation. It became law on June 2, 2015.^[129]^[130]

Loretta Lynch AG nomination

On April 23, 2015, the Senate voted to confirm Loretta Lynch as United States Attorney General by a vote of 56-43. All 44 Democratic senators voted to confirm Lynch. Rubio voted with 42 other Republican senators against Lynch's confirmation.^[131]

Cyber security

On October 27, 2015, the Senate passed S 754 - the Cybersecurity Information Sharing Act of 2015 by a vote of 74-21.^[132] The bill proposed procedures that would allow federal agencies and private entities to share information about cyber threats. Rubio and four other Republicans did not vote.^[133]

Immigration

On October 20, 2015, the Senate voted against proceeding to a vote on S 2146 - the Stop Sanctuary Policies and Protect Americans Act by a vote of 54-45. The bill proposed withholding federal funding from "sanctuary jurisdictions" that violate the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996 and other federal immigration laws. In addition, the bill proposed increasing "penalties for individuals who illegally reenter the United States after being removed" and providing "liability protection for State and local law enforcement who cooperate with Federal law enforcement."^[134] Rubio voted with 51 Republicans and two Democrats in favor of proceeding to the bill.^[135]

113th Congress

The second session of the 113th Congress enacted into law 224 out of the 3215 introduced bills (7 percent). Comparatively, the 112th Congress had 4.2 percent of introduced bills enacted into law in the second session.^[136] The Senate confirmed 13,949 out of 18,323 executive nominations received (76.1 percent). For more information pertaining to Rubio's voting record in the 113th Congress, please see the below sections.^[137]

National security

Committee vote on Syria

See also: United States involvement in Syria

On September 4, 2013, the Senate Foreign Relations Committee narrowly approved an authorization for President Obama to use limited force against Syria. It was approved by a 10-7 vote.^[138]^[139]

The vote came after a three-hour briefing with top Obama administration officials, including Secretary of State John Kerry and James Clapper, the director of national intelligence.^[138]

Of the nine Democratic members and eight Republican members that make up the committee, seven Democrats and three Republicans voted in favor, while five Republicans and two Democrats opposed the authorization.^[138] A single "present" vote was cast by Ed Markey (D). Rubio was one of the five Republicans who opposed the authorization.^[140]

John Brennan CIA nomination

Rubio voted for the confirmation of John Brennan as Director of the Central Intelligence Agency. The nomination was confirmed by the Senate on March 7, 2013, with a vote of 63 - 34. Most Democrats supported the nomination, while Republicans were somewhat divided with roughly one-third supporting the nomination.^[141]

Economy

Farm bill

On February 4, 2014, the Democratic controlled Senate approved the Federal Agriculture Reform and Risk Management Act of 2013, H.R. 2642, also known as the Farm Bill.^[142] It passed the Senate with a vote of 68-32. The nearly 1,000-page bill reformed and continued various programs of the Department of Agriculture through 2018. The $1 trillion bill expanded crop insurance for farmers by $7 billion over the next decade and created new subsidies for rice and peanut growers that will kick in when prices drop; however, cuts to the food stamp program cut an average of $90 per month for 1.7 million people in 15 states.^[143] Rubio voted with 22 other Republican senators against the bill.

2014 Budget

On January 16, 2014, the Democratic-controlled Senate approved H.R. 3547, a $1.1 trillion spending bill to fund the government through September 30, 2014.^[144]^[145] The Senate voted 72-26 for the 1,582 page bill, with 17 Republicans and 55 Democrats voting in favor of the bill.^[145] The omnibus package included 12 annual spending bills to fund federal operations.^[146] It increased the paychecks of federal workers and military personnel by 1 percent, increased Head Start funding for early childhood education by $1 billion, reduced funding to the Internal Revenue Service and the Environmental Protection Agency, and left the Affordable Care Act without any drastic cuts.

Rubio voted with 25 other Republican members against the bill.^[144]^[145]

Government shutdown

See also: United States budget debate, 2013

During the shutdown in October 2013, the Senate rejected, down party lines, every House-originated bill that stripped the budget of funding for the Affordable Care Act. A deal was reached late on October 16, 2013, just hours before the debt ceiling deadline. The bill to reopen the government, H.R. 2775, lifted the $16.7 trillion debt limit and funded the government through January 15, 2014. Federal employees also received retroactive pay for the shutdown period. The only concession made by Senate Democrats was to require income verification for Obamacare subsidies.^[147] The final vote on H.R. 2775 was 81-18, with all 18 votes against the bill from Republican members. Rubio voted with the Republican Party against the bill.^[148]

No Budget, No Pay Act of 2013

Rubio voted against H.R.325 -- No Budget, No Pay Act of 2013. The bill passed the Senate on January 31, 2013, with a vote of 64 - 34. The purpose of the bill was to temporarily suspend the debt ceiling and withhold the pay of members of Congress until a budget could be passed. The vote largely followed party lines with Democrats overwhelmingly supporting it and many Republicans in opposition to the bill.^[141]s

Immigration

Mexico-U.S. border

Rubio voted against Senate Amendment 1197 -- Requires the Completion of the Fence Along the United States-Mexico Border. The amendment was rejected by the Senate on June 18, 2013, with a vote of 39 - 54. The purpose of the amendment was to require the completion of 350 miles of fence described in the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996 before registered provisional immigrant status may be granted. It would also require 700 miles of fence be completed before the status of registered provisional immigrants may be changed to permanent resident status. The vote followed party lines.^[141]

Social issues

Violence Against Women (2013)

Rubio voted against S.47 -- Violence Against Women Reauthorization Act of 2013. The bill was passed by the Senate on February 12, 2013, with a vote of 78 - 22. The purpose of the bill was to combat violence against women, from domestic violence to international trafficking in persons. All 22 dissenting votes were cast by Republicans.^[141]

Previous congressional sessions

Fiscal Cliff

Rubio voted against the fiscal cliff compromise bill, which made permanent most of the Bush tax cuts originally passed in 2001 and 2003 while also raising tax rates on the highest income levels. He was one of five Republicans that voted against the bill. The bill was passed in the Senate by an 89 - 8 vote on January 1, 2013.^[149]

Issues

National security

Letter to Iran

On March 9, 2015, Senator Tom Cotton (R-Ark.) wrote a letter to Iran's leadership, warning them that signing a nuclear deal with the Obama administration without congressional approval constituted only an executive agreement. The letter also stated that "The next president could revoke such an executive agreement with the stroke of a pen and future Congresses could modify the terms of the agreement at any time." The letter was signed by 47 Republican members of the Senate. Rubio was one of the 47 who signed the letter. No Democrats signed it.^[150]

Members of the Obama administration and of Congress reacted to the letter.^[151] Vice President Joe Biden said of the letter, "In thirty-six years in the United States Senate, I cannot recall another instance in which senators wrote directly to advise another country — much less a longtime foreign adversary — that the president does not have the constitutional authority to reach a meaningful understanding with them."^[152]

Drones filibuster

See also: Rand Paul filibuster of John Brennan's CIA Nomination in March 2013

On March 6, 2013, Senator Rand Paul (R) led a 13-hour filibuster of President Obama's CIA Director nominee, John Brennan. Paul started the filibuster in order to highlight his concerns about the administration's drone policies. In particular, Paul said he was concerned about whether a drone could be used to kill an American citizen within the United States border without any due process involved. Paul and other civil liberties activists were critical of President Obama for not offering a clear response to the question. A total of 14 senators joined Paul in the filibuster—13 Republicans and one Democrat.^[153]^[154]^[155]

Rubio was one of the 13 Republican senators who joined Paul in his filibuster.^[156]^[157]

Thirty Republican senators did not support the filibuster.^[158]^[159]^[160]

The day after the filibuster, Attorney General Eric Holder sent a letter to Paul, responding to the filibuster. Holder wrote, "Does the president have the authority to use a weaponized drone to kill an American not engaged in combat on U.S. soil? The answer to that is no."^[161]

Immigration

Secure border

“The only way we're going to ever make progress on this issue is to first deal with illegal immigration, secure the border, win people's confidence that in a reality this problem is under control,” Rubio said on August 10, 2014.^[162]

Other

Chief of staff

Rubio announced on April 11, 2014, that his longtime chief of staff Cesar Conda was leaving his post to take a position with Rubio’s PAC, Reclaim America.^[163]

Obama and Castro handshake

Rubio criticized President Obama on December 10, 2013, after the president shook hands with Cuban leader Raul Castro at the memorial service for Nelson Mandela.^[164]

“If the president was going to shake his hand, he should have asked him about those basic freedoms Mandela was associated with that are denied in Cuba,” Rubio said.^[164]

Healthcare

Obamacare ad buy

Rubio sent a letter on September 3, 2013, to Health and Human Services (HHS) Secretary Kathleen Sebelius that asked why the agency spent at least $8.7 million to promote the Affordable Care Act through television ads.^[165]^[166]

“Until critical questions can be answered regarding the availability and type of health insurance to be provided by ObamaCare, it is unconscionable to spend taxpayer dollars to promote and advertise ObamaCare plans that have yet to be finalized. While the Administration should be abandoning this disastrous law, instead it is imprudently and blindly promoting poor policies that will harm Americans and American businesses, and misappropriating public funds in an effort to sell bad ideas to good people,” he wrote.

HHS spokeswoman Joanne Peters defended the administration’s decision to spend money on the issue. “Starting Oct. 1, millions of Americans will be able to access quality, affordable health coverage for the first time, and we will continue educating and informing the uninsured of this opportunity,” she wrote in an email.^[166]

Petition to defund Obamacare

See also: Campaign for Liberty #Issues

Senators Rand Paul and Marco Rubio agreed on defunding President Barack Obama’s health care law in August 2013 and both of the senators gathered petitions to defund the law.^[167]

Social issues

Education reform

On February 10, 2014, Rubio unveiled a series of education reform proposals. Three of those education reform proposals aimed to reduce the cost of college and graduate school.^[168] One of the proposals called for private investment groups to pay for tuition in exchange for a percentage of future earnings. It would not replace federally subsidized student loans, but would instead provide an alternative to students who do not want to take on the cost of college as debt.^[168]

Economy

Janet Yellen nomination

Rubio said on November 21, 2013, that he opposed Janet Yellen’s nomination to be the next head of the Federal Reserve, saying her expansive views on monetary policy risk creating asset bubbles.^[169]

Elections

2022

General election

General election for U.S. Senate Florida

The following candidates ran in the general election for U.S. Senate Florida on November 8, 2022.

	Candidate	%	Votes
✔	Marco Rubio (R)	57.7	4,474,847
	Val Demings (D)	41.3	3,201,522
	Dennis Misigoy (L)	0.4	32,177
	Steven B. Grant (No Party Affiliation)	0.4	31,816
	Tuan Nguyen (No Party Affiliation)	0.2	17,385
	Edward A. Gray (No Party Affiliation) (Write-in)	0.0	190
	Uloma Ekpete Kama (No Party Affiliation) (Write-in)	0.0	42
	Moses Quiles (No Party Affiliation) (Write-in)	0.0	33
	Howard Knepper (No Party Affiliation) (Write-in)	0.0	2

	Incumbents are bolded and underlined. The results have been certified. Source	Total votes: 7,758,014
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.
Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team.

Withdrawn or disqualified candidates

Jason Holic (No Party Affiliation)
Carlos Barberena (No Party Affiliation)
Shantele Bennett (No Party Affiliation)
Ahmad Saide (No Party Affiliation)
Timothy Devine (No Party Affiliation)
Grace Granda (No Party Affiliation)

Democratic primary election

Democratic primary for U.S. Senate Florida

Val Demings defeated Brian Rush, William Sanchez, and Ricardo De La Fuente in the Democratic primary for U.S. Senate Florida on August 23, 2022.

	Candidate	%	Votes
✔	Val Demings	84.3	1,263,706
	Brian Rush	6.3	94,185
	William Sanchez	5.6	84,576
	Ricardo De La Fuente	3.8	56,749

	There were no incumbents in this race. The results have been certified. Source	Total votes: 1,499,216
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.
Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team.

Withdrawn or disqualified candidates

Republican primary election

The Republican primary election was canceled. Incumbent Marco Rubio advanced from the Republican primary for U.S. Senate Florida.

Withdrawn or disqualified candidates

Libertarian primary election

The Libertarian primary election was canceled. Dennis Misigoy advanced from the Libertarian primary for U.S. Senate Florida.

2016

Senate

See also: United States Senate election in Florida, 2016

The race for Florida's U.S. Senate seat was one of nine competitive battleground races in 2016 that that helped Republicans maintain control of the Senate. Incumbent Sen. Marco Rubio (R) defeated U.S. Rep. Patrick Murphy (D), Iraq war veteran Paul Stanton (L), and nine independent and write-in candidates in the general election, which took place on November 8, 2016. According to Politico, Rubio was “the first Republican senator from the Sunshine State ever to win reelection in a presidential election year.”^[170]^[171]

Rubio called Murphy "hyper-partisan," "a rubber stamp for, God forbid, a Clinton presidency," and accused him of fabricating his qualifications.^[172]^[173]^[174]^[175] Murphy criticized Rubio, saying, "Sen. Rubio has the worst vote attendance record of any Florida senator in nearly 50 years." Murphy's spokeswoman Galia Slayen said, "Marco Rubio is willing to abandon his responsibility to Floridians and hand over our country's national security to Donald Trump, as long as it advances his own political career."^[176]

In his victory speech, Rubio said, “[I] hope that I and my colleagues as we return to work in Washington D.C. can set a better example how political discourse should exist in this country. And I know people feel betrayed and you have a right to. Every major institution in our society has failed us — the media, the government, big business, Wall Street, academia — they have all failed us. So people are so frustrated and angry. But we must channel that anger and frustration into something positive. Let it move us forward as energy to confront and solve our challenges and our problems.”^[177]

**U.S. Senate, Florida General Election, 2016**
Party		Candidate	Vote %	Votes
	Republican	Marco Rubio Incumbent	52%	4,835,191
	Democratic	Patrick Murphy	44.3%	4,122,088
	Libertarian	Paul Stanton	2.1%	196,956
	Independent	Bruce Nathan	0.6%	52,451
	Independent	Tony Khoury	0.5%	45,820
	Independent	Steven Machat	0.3%	26,918
	Independent	Basil Dalack	0.2%	22,236
	N/A	Write-in	0%	160
Total Votes				9,301,820
Source: Florida Division of Elections

**U.S. Senate, Florida Republican Primary, 2016**
Candidate	Vote %	Votes
Marco Rubio Incumbent	72%	1,029,830
Carlos Beruff	18.5%	264,427
Dwight Young	6.4%	91,082
Ernie Rivera	3.2%	45,153
Total Votes		1,430,492
Source: Florida Division of Elections

**U.S. Senate, Florida Democratic Primary, 2016**
Candidate	Vote %	Votes
Patrick Murphy	58.9%	665,985
Alan Grayson	17.7%	199,929
Pam Keith	15.4%	173,919
Roque De La Fuente	5.4%	60,810
Reginald Luster	2.6%	29,138
Total Votes		1,129,781
Source: Florida Division of Elections

**U.S. Senate, Florida Libertarian Primary, 2016**
Candidate	Vote %	Votes
Paul Stanton	73.5%	2,946
Augustus Invictus Sol	26.5%	1,063
Total Votes		4,009
Source: Florida Division of Elections

Presidency

See also: Marco Rubio presidential campaign, 2016 and Presidential election, 2016

Rubio was a Republican candidate for the office of President of the United States in 2016. On April 13, 2015, Rubio announced his presidential run on a conference call with donors. He referred to himself as "uniquely qualified" for the nomination. The call came hours before a scheduled campaign rally in Miami.^[178]

On March 15, 2016, Rubio suspended his presidential campaign after coming in second to Donald Trump in the Florida Republican primary.^[179] Rubio told his supporters in Miami, Florida, that "after tonight, it is clear that while we are on the right side, this year, we will not be on the winning side."^[180]

Previously, in May 2014, when ABC reporter Jonathan Karl asked Rubio if he thought he was ready to be president, Rubio said, “I do … but I think that’s true for multiple other people that would want to run … I mean, I’ll be 43 this month, but the other thing that perhaps people don’t realize, I’ve served now in public office for the better part of 14 years. Most importantly, I think a president has to have a clear vision of where the country needs to go and clear ideas about how to get it there and I think we’re very blessed in our party to have a number of people that fit that criteria."^[181] Sixteen senators have been elected to the presidency, including President Barack Obama.^[182]

2010

On November 2, 2010, Rubio won election to the United States Senate. He defeated Kendrick B. Meek (D), Alexander Andrew Snitker (L), Bernie DeCastro (I), Charlie Crist (I), Sue Askeland (I), Rick Tyler (I), Lewis Jerome Armstrong (I), Bobbie Bean (I), Bruce Ray Riggs (I), Piotr Blass (I), Richard Lock (I), Belinda Gail Quarterman-Noah (I), Geroge Drake (I), Robert Monroe (I), Howard Knepper (I) and Carol Ann Joyce LaRose (I) in the general election.^[183]

U.S. Senate, Florida General Election, 2010
Party		Candidate	Vote %	Votes
	Republican	Marco Rubio	48.9%	2,645,743
	Democratic	Kendrick B. Meek	20.2%	1,092,936
	Libertarian	Alexander Andrew Snitker	0.5%	24,850
	Constitution Party of Florida	Bernie DeCastra	0.1%	4,792
	Independent	Charlie Crist	29.7%	1,607,549
	Independent	Sue Askeland	0.3%	15,340
	Independent	Rick Tyler	0.1%	7,397
	Independent	Lewis Jerome Armstrong	0.1%	4,443
	Independent	Bobbie Bean	0.1%	4,301
	Independent	Bruce Ray Riggs	0.1%	3,647
	Independent	Piotr Blass	0%	47
	Independent	Richard Lock	0%	18
	Independent	Belinda Gail Quarterman-Noah	0%	18
	Independent	George Drake	0%	13
	Independent	Robert Monroe	0%	6
	Independent	Howard Knepper	0%	4
	Independent	Carol Ann Joyce LaRosa	0%	2
Total Votes				5,411,106

Campaign themes

2022

Ballotpedia survey responses

Marco Rubio did not complete Ballotpedia's 2022 Candidate Connection survey.

2016

The following issues were listed on Rubio's campaign website. For a full list of campaign themes, click here.

“

Strong Families: Strong families are the core of American greatness: Without strong families, America’s strong values will not endure, and the American Dream will disappear. Being raised in a stable home by a mother and a father is an incredible privilege but, unfortunately, one that is increasingly rare.Too often in recent years, through both economic and social policy, Washington has tried to compete with families rather than support and defend them. It has left American families weaker than they once were, and the institutions that teach values and support families, such as churches and civil society groups, are ailing, too.

Common Core: Common Core has been used by the Obama Administration to turn the Department of Education into a national school board. This effort to coerce states into adhering to national curriculum standards is the wrong way to help our children attain the best education, and it must be stopped.

Jobs: Since joining the Senate, Marco has worked tirelessly to help Florida businesses compete in the 21st century economy. As a member of the Small Business & Entrepreneurship Committee, Marco knows that Washington’s failure to cut taxes and reduce regulations is hurting the ability of Florida businesses – especially our 2.3 million small businesses – to create jobs and increase wages for all workers.

Energy: America is blessed with abundant energy resources. Thanks to new technology and innovation, our country is poised to become the world’s energy superpower even as our emissions have been declining. If we harness our energy potential in the right way, and let innovation flourish, we will ensure that energy is affordable for consumers and families, help businesses grow and create jobs, protect our environment, strengthen our national security, and increase America’s influence around the world.

Terrorism: The chaos in Iraq and Syria over the last several years has allowed the terrorist group ISIS, also known as the Islamic State or ISIL, to become a threat of global proportions, with the capacity to inspire and carry out attacks here in the United States.

^[184]

”

—Marco Rubio's campaign website, https://marcorubio.com/issues/

Notable endorsements

See also: Ballotpedia: Our approach to covering endorsements

This section displays endorsements this individual made in elections within Ballotpedia's coverage scope.

Notable candidate endorsements by Marco Rubio
Endorsee	Election	Stage	Outcome
Sam Greco ^source (R)	Florida House of Representatives District 19 (2024)	Primary	Won General
Donald Trump ^source (Conservative Party, R)	President of the United States (2024)	Primary	Won General
Laurel Lee ^source (R)	U.S. House Florida District 15 (2024)	Primary	Won General
Mike Haridopolos ^source (R)	U.S. House Florida District 8 (2024)	Primary	Won General
Kari Lake ^source (R)	U.S. Senate Arizona (2024)	General	Lost General
Jim Banks ^source (R)	U.S. Senate Indiana (2024)	Primary	Won General
Tim Sheehy ^source (R)	U.S. Senate Montana (2024)	Primary	Won General
Bernie Moreno ^source (R)	U.S. Senate Ohio (2024)	Primary	Won General
Bryce Reeves ^source (R)	U.S. House Virginia District 7 (2022)	Primary	Lost Primary
Mitt Romney ^source (R)	President of the United States (2012)	Primary	Lost General

Notable ballot measure endorsements by Marco Rubio
Measure	Position	Outcome
Florida Amendment 4, Right to Abortion Initiative (2024) ^source	Oppose	Defeated
Florida Amendment 6, State Constitution Interpretation and Prohibit Public Funds for Abortions Amendment (2012) ^source	Support	Defeated

Campaign finance summary

Ballotpedia Logo Note: The finance data shown here comes from the disclosures required of candidates and parties. Depending on the election or state, this may represent only a portion of all the funds spent on their behalf. Satellite spending groups may or may not have expended funds related to the candidate or politician on whose page you are reading this disclaimer. Campaign finance data from elections may be incomplete. For elections to federal offices, complete data can be found at the FEC website. Click here for more on federal campaign finance law and here for more on state campaign finance law.

Marco Rubio campaign contribution history
Year	Office	Status	Contributions	Expenditures
2022	U.S. Senate Florida	Won general	$50,945,461	$50,630,466
2016	U.S. Senate, Florida	Won	$21,951,478	N/A**
2010	U.S. Senate (Florida)	Won	$21,741,330	N/A**
Grand total			$94,638,269	$50,630,466
Sources: OpenSecrets, Federal Elections Commission *This product uses the openFEC API but is not endorsed or certified by the Federal Election Commission (FEC).
** Data on expenditures is not available for this election cycle
Note: Totals above reflect only available data.

Noteworthy events

Reported as possible 2024 Republican vice presidential nominee

See also: Vice presidential candidates, 2024

Media reports discussed Rubio as a possible 2024 Republican vice presidential candidate.^[185] Former President Donald Trump (R) selected U.S. Sen. J.D. Vance (R-Ohio) as his running mate on July 15, 2024, the first day of the 2024 Republican National Convention.

In 2020, President Joe Biden (D) announced Vice President Kamala Harris (D) as his running mate six days before the start of the Democratic National Convention (DNC). In 2016, both Hillary Clinton (D) and Trump announced their running mates three days before the DNC and RNC, respectively.

Personal Gain Index

See also: Personal Gain Index (U.S. Congress)

The Personal Gain Index (U.S. Congress) is a two-part measurement that illustrates the extent to which members of the U.S. Congress have prospered during their tenure as public servants.
It consists of two different metrics:

PGI: Change in net worth

See also: Changes in Net Worth of U.S. Senators and Representatives (Personal Gain Index) and Net worth of United States Senators and Representatives

Based on congressional financial disclosure forms and calculations made available by OpenSecrets.org, Rubio's net worth as of 2012 was estimated between $259,019 and $860,000. That averages to $559,509.50, which is lower than the average net worth of Republican senators in 2012 of $6,956,438.47. Rubio ranked as the 79th most wealthy senator in 2012.^[186] Between 2009 and 2012, Rubio's starting negative calculated net worth^[187] increased. Between 2004 and 2012, the average annual percentage increase for a member of Congress was 15.4 percent.^[188]

Marco Rubio Yearly Net Worth
Year	Average Net Worth
2009	$−40,127
2012	$559,509
Growth from 2009 to 2012:	N/A
Average annual growth:	N/A
Comparatively, the American citizen experienced a median yearly decline in net worth of -0.94%.^[189]

The data used to calculate changes in net worth may include changes resulting from assets gained through marriage, inheritance, changes in family estates and/or trusts, changes in family business ownership, and many other variables unrelated to a member's behavior in Congress.

PGI: Donation Concentration Metric

See also: The Donation Concentration Metric (U.S. Congress Personal Gain Index)

Filings required by the Federal Election Commission report on the industries that give to each candidate. Using campaign filings and information calculated by OpenSecrets.org, Ballotpedia calculated the percentage of donations by industry received by each incumbent over the course of his or her career (or 1989 and later, if elected prior to 1988). Rubio received the most donations from individuals and PACs employed by the Retired industry.

From 2009-2014, 21.09 percent of Rubio's career contributions came from the top five industries as listed below.^[190]

Donation Concentration Metric graphic.png

Marco Rubio Campaign Contributions
Total Raised	$29,607,365
Total Spent	$26,847,272
Top five industries that contributed to campaign committee
Retired	$2,836,680
Securities & Investment	$1,077,931
Republican/Conservative	$1,034,524
Real Estate	$774,775
Misc Finance	$521,634
% total in top industry	9.58%
% total in top two industries	13.22%
% total in top five industries	21.09%

Analysis

Ideology and leadership

See also: GovTrack's Political Spectrum & Legislative Leadership ranking

Based on an analysis of bill sponsorship by GovTrack, Rubio was a "rank-and-file Republican," as of July 22, 2014. This was the same rating Rubio received in June 2013.^[191]

Like-minded colleagues

The website OpenCongress tracks the voting records of each member to determine with whom he or she votes most and least often. The results include a member from each party.^[192]

Rubio most often votes with:

Rubio least often votes with:

Lifetime voting record

See also: Lifetime voting records of United States Senators and Representatives

According to the website GovTrack, Marco Rubio missed 156 of 1,412 roll call votes from January 2011 to September 2015. This amounts to 11 percent, which is worse than the median of 1.6 percent among current senators as of September 2015.^[193]

Congressional staff salaries

See also: Staff salaries of United States Senators and Representatives

The website Legistorm compiles staff salary information for members of Congress. Rubio paid his congressional staff a total of $2,245,565 in 2011. He ranked 17th on the list of the lowest paid Republican senatorial staff salaries and ranked 23rd overall of the lowest paid senatorial staff salaries in 2011. Overall, Florida ranked second in average salary for senatorial staff. The average U.S. Senate congressional staff was paid $2,529,141.70 in fiscal year 2011.^[194]

National Journal vote ratings

See also: National Journal vote ratings

Each year National Journal publishes an analysis of how liberally or conservatively each member of Congress voted in the previous year.

2013

Rubio ranked 17th in the conservative rankings in 2013.^[195]

2012

Rubio ranked 17th in the conservative rankings in 2012.^[196]

2011

Rubio ranked 13th in the conservative rankings in 2011.^[197]

Voting with party

The website OpenCongress tracks how often members of Congress vote with the majority of the chamber caucus.

2014

Rubio voted with the Republican Party 79.2 percent of the time, which ranked 42nd among the 45 Senate Republican members as of July 2014.^[198]

2013

Rubio voted with the Republican Party 84.4 percent of the time, which ranked 38th among the 46 Senate Republican members as of June 2013.^[199]

Personal

Note: Please contact us if the personal information below requires an update.

Rubio and his wife, Jeanette Dousdebes Rubio, have been married since 1998. They are the parents of four children. They live in West Miami.^[200]

External links

Search Google News for this topic

Candidate

U.S. Senate Florida

Officeholder

U.S. Senate Florida

Personal

Footnotes

Political offices
Preceded by -	U.S. Senate Florida 2011-Present	Succeeded by -
Preceded by -	Florida House of Representatives 2000-2008	Succeeded by -

[show]

Florida's current delegation to the United States Congress

Senators

Marco Rubio (R)

Rick Scott (R)

Representatives

District 1

Vacant

District 2

Neal Dunn (R)

District 3

Kat Cammack (R)

District 4

Aaron Bean (R)

District 5

John Rutherford (R)

District 6

Michael Waltz (R)

District 7

Cory Mills (R)

District 8

Bill Posey (R)

District 9

Darren Soto (D)

District 10

Maxwell Frost (D)

District 11

Daniel Webster (R)

District 12

Gus Bilirakis (R)

District 13

Anna Luna (R)

District 14

Kathy Castor (D)

District 15

Laurel Lee (R)

District 16

Vern Buchanan (R)

District 17

Greg Steube (R)

District 18

Scott Franklin (R)

District 19

Byron Donalds (R)

District 20

Sheila Cherfilus-McCormick (D)

District 21

Brian Mast (R)

District 22

Lois Frankel (D)

District 23

Jared Moskowitz (D)

District 24

Frederica Wilson (D)

District 25

Debbie Wasserman Schultz (D)

District 26

Mario Diaz-Balart (R)

District 27

Maria Elvira Salazar (R)

District 28

Carlos Gimenez (R)

Republican Party (21)

Democratic Party (8)

Vacancies (1)

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[2] Tampa Bay Times, "Charlie Crist will run for Senate with no party affiliation," April 28, 2010

[3] National Journal, "After Rubio, Florida Senate Scramble Starts in Earnest," April 13, 2015

[biography-4] 4.0 ^4.1 Marco Rubio-United States Senator for Florida, "Biography-About Marco," accessed October 13, 2011

[5] Washington Post, "Marco Rubio’s compelling family story embellishes facts, documents show," October 20, 2011

[6] Politico, "Marco Rubio tapped to serve as Senate Intelligence Committee chairman," May 18, 2020

[7] Biographical Director of the United States Congress, "RUBIO, Marco, (1971 - )," accessed February 12, 2015

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[17] Congress.gov, "H.J.Res.30 - Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of Labor relating to 'Prudence and Loyalty in Selecting Plan Investments and Exercising Shareholder Rights'." accessed February 23, 2024

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[23] Congress.gov, "S.3373 - Sergeant First Class Heath Robinson Honoring our Promise to Address Comprehensive Toxics Act of 2022," accessed January 20, 2023

[24] Congress.gov, "H.R.4346 - Chips and Science Act," accessed January 20, 2023

[25] Congress.gov, "H.R.3755 - Women's Health Protection Act of 2021," accessed April 15, 2022

[26] Congress.gov, "H.R.2471 - Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2022," accessed January 20, 2023

[27] Congress.gov, "H.R.8404 - Respect for Marriage Act," accessed January 20, 2023

[28] Congress.gov, "H.R.6833 - Continuing Appropriations and Ukraine Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2023," accessed January 20, 2023

[29] Congress.gov, "S.937 - COVID-19 Hate Crimes Act," accessed April 15, 2022

[30] Congress.gov, "H.R.3076 - Postal Service Reform Act of 2022," accessed January 23, 2023

[31] Congress.gov, "S.2938 - Bipartisan Safer Communities Act," accessed January 20, 2023

[32] Congress.gov, "H.R.5305 - Extending Government Funding and Delivering Emergency Assistance Act," accessed January 23, 2023

[33] Congress.gov, "H.Res.24 - Impeaching Donald John Trump, President of the United States, for high crimes and misdemeanors.," accessed April 15, 2022

[34] Congress.gov, "H.R.350 - Domestic Terrorism Prevention Act of 2022," accessed January 23, 2023

[35] Congress.gov, "S.Con.Res.14 - A concurrent resolution setting forth the congressional budget for the United States Government for fiscal year 2022 and setting forth the appropriate budgetary levels for fiscal years 2023 through 2031.," accessed April 15, 2022

[36] Congress.gov, "H.R.5746 - Freedom to Vote: John R. Lewis Act," accessed January 20, 2023

[37] Congress.gov, "H.R.2617 - Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2023," accessed January 20, 2023

[38] Congress.gov, "H.R.748 - CARES Act," accessed March 22, 2024

[39] Congress.gov, "S.1790 - National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2020," accessed April 27, 2024

[40] Congress.gov, "H.R.6201 - Families First Coronavirus Response Act," accessed April 27, 2024

[41] Congress.gov, "H.R.1865 - Further Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2020," accessed April 27, 2024

[42] Congress.gov, "H.R.6074 - Coronavirus Preparedness and Response Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2020," accessed April 27, 2024

[43] Congress.gov, "H.J.Res.31 - Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2019," accessed April 27, 2024

[44] Congress.gov, "S.47 - John D. Dingell, Jr. Conservation, Management, and Recreation Act," accessed April 27, 2024

[45] Congress.gov, "H.R.6395 - William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021," accessed April 27, 2024

[46] Congress.gov, "H.R.6395 - William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021," accessed April 27, 2024

[47] Congress.gov, "S.1 - Strengthening America's Security in the Middle East Act of 2019," accessed April 27, 2024

[48] Congress.gov, "H.R.8337 - Continuing Appropriations Act, 2021 and Other Extensions Act," accessed April 27, 2024

[49] Congress.gov, "H.R.1158 - Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2020," accessed April 27, 2024

[50] Congress.gov, "H.R.3055 - Further Continuing Appropriations Act, 2020, and Further Health Extenders Act of 2019," accessed April 27, 2024

[51] Congress.gov, "H.R.1327 - Never Forget the Heroes: James Zadroga, Ray Pfeifer, and Luis Alvarez Permanent Authorization of the September 11th Victim Compensation Fund Act," accessed April 27, 2024

[52] Congress.gov, "H.Res.755 - Impeaching Donald John Trump, President of the United States, for high crimes and misdemeanors.," accessed April 28, 2024

[53] Congress.gov, "H.Res.755 - Impeaching Donald John Trump, President of the United States, for high crimes and misdemeanors.," accessed April 28, 2024

[54] Congress.gov, “H.R.5430 - United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement Implementation Act,” accessed April 28, 2024

[55] Congress.gov, "S.151 - Pallone-Thune Telephone Robocall Abuse Criminal Enforcement and Deterrence Act" accessed April 28, 2024

[56] Congress.gov, "H.R.3401 - Emergency Supplemental Appropriations for Humanitarian Assistance and Security at the Southern Border Act, 2019,' accessed April 28, 2024

[57] Congress.gov, "H.R.2157 - Additional Supplemental Appropriations for Disaster Relief Act, 2019," accessed April 28, 2024

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[59] Senate.gov, "On the Motion (Motion to Concur in the House Amendment with an Amendment)," December 18, 2018

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[88] Senate.gov, "On the Motion to Recede from the Senate Amendment to H.R. 1 and Concur with Further Amendment ," December 20, 2017

[89] Senate.gov, "On the Joint Resolution (H.J. Res. 123)," December 7, 2017

[90] Senate.gov, "On Passage of the Bill (H.R. 1 As Amended )," December 2, 2017

[91] Senate.gov, "On the Concurrent Resolution (H. Con. Res. 71 As Amended)," October 19, 2017

[92] Senate.gov, "On the Motion (Motion to Concur in the House Amdt. to the Senate Amdt. with an Amdt. No. 808 to H.R. 601)," September 7, 2017

[93] U.S. Senate, "On the Motion (Motion to Concur in the House Amendment to the Senate Amendment to H.R. 244)," May 4, 2017

[94] Senate.gov, "On the Joint Resolution (S.J. Res. 54, As Amended), December 13, 2018

[95] Senate.gov, "On Passage of the Bill (H.R. 2810 As Amended)," September 18, 2017

[finalndaa-96] The Hill, "Senate sends $692B defense policy bill to Trump's desk," November 15, 2017

[97] Senate.gov, "On Passage of the Bill (H.R. 3364)," July 27, 2017

[98] Senate.gov, "On Passage of the Bill (S. 722 As Amended)," June 15, 2017

[99] Congressional Record, "Resume of Congressional Activity, First Session of the 113th Congress," accessed April 29, 2015

[100] Congressional Record, "Resume of Congressional Activity, Second Session of the 114th Congress," accessed January 5, 2017

[101] Congressional Record, "Resume of Congressional Activity, First Session of the One Hundred Fourteenth Congress," April 13, 2015

[102] Congress.gov, "HR 1314," accessed May 25, 2015

[103] Senate.gov, "H.R. 1314 (Ensuring Tax Exempt Organizations the Right to Appeal Act)," accessed May 25, 2015

[104] Senate.gov, "Roll Call for HR 2146," June 24, 2015

[105] The Hill, "Senate approves fast-track, sending trade bill to White House," June 24, 2015

[106] The Hill, "Obama signs trade bills," June 29, 2015

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[syriacommitteevote-138] 138.0 ^138.1 ^138.2 Politico, "Senate panel approves Syria measure," accessed September 5, 2013

[139] USA Today, "Senate committee approves Syria attack resolution," accessed September 5, 2013

[140] Politico, "How Senate Foreign Relations Committee members voted on Syria," accessed September 5, 2013

[votes-141] 141.0 ^141.1 ^141.2 ^141.3 Project Vote Smart, "Richard Rubio Key Votes," accessed October 16, 2013

[142] Senate.gov, "H.R. 2642 (Federal Agriculture Reform and Risk Management Act of 2013)," accessed February 12, 2014

[farm-143] New York Times, "Senate Passes Long-Stalled Farm Bill, With Clear Winners and Losers," accessed February 12, 2014

[polsenate-144] 144.0 ^144.1 Politico, "Senate approves $1.1 trillion spending bill," accessed January 20, 2014

[vote-145] 145.0 ^145.1 ^145.2 U.S. Senate, "January 16 Vote," accessed January 20, 2014

[146] Roll Call, "House Passes $1.1 Trillion Omnibus," accessed January 20, 2014

[147] The Washington Post, "Reid, McConnell propose bipartisan Senate bill to end shutdown, extend borrowing," accessed October 16, 2013

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[150] The Wall Street Journal, "Text of GOP Senators’ Letter to Iran’s Leaders on Nuclear Talks," March 9, 2015

[151] Politico, "Iran letter blowback startles GOP," March 12, 2015

[152] Fox News, "Firestorm erupts over GOP letter challenging Obama's power to approve Iran nuclear deal," March 10, 2015

[153] CNN, "Rand Paul says he's heard from White House after filibuster," March 7, 2013

[154] USA Today, "Rand Paul filibuster ranks among Senate's longest," March 7, 2013

[155] ABC News, "Rand Paul Wins Applause From GOP and Liberals," March 7, 2013

[156] The Blaze, "Here Are All the GOP Senators That Participated in Rand Paul’s 12+ Hour Filibuster… and the Ones Who Didn’t," March 7, 2013

[157] Los Angeles Times, "Sen. Rand Paul ends marathon filibuster of John Brennan," March 7, 2013

[158] Breitbart, "AWOL: Meet The GOP Senators Who Refused to Stand With Rand," March 7, 2013

[159] Politico, "Rand Paul filibuster blasted by Sens. John McCain, Lindsey Graham," March 7, 2013

[160] Politico, "Rand Paul pulls plug on nearly 13-hour filibuster," March 7, 2017

[161] Washington Post, "Eric Holder responds to Rand Paul with ‘no’," March 7, 2013

[162] The Hill, "Rubio: We’ll ‘never have the votes’ for immigration reform until border secured," accessed August 12, 2014

[163] Politico, "Marco Rubio chief heads to PAC," accessed April 12, 2014

[castro-164] 164.0 ^164.1 The Hill, "Rubio slams Obama handshake with Castro," accessed December 11, 2013

[hssletter-165] Office of Marco Rubio, "Letter to Health and Human Services Secretary Kathleen Sebelius," accessed September 4, 2013

[hhs-166] 166.0 ^166.1 Washington Post, "Rubio questions administration’s $8.7 million ‘Obamacare’ ad buy," accessed September 4, 2013

[defund-167] Sunshine State News, "Marco Rubio, Rand Paul and Ron Paul Join Forces to Defeat Obamacare," accessed August 26, 2013

[edreform-168] 168.0 ^168.1 The Hill, "Rubio's new plank for possible '16 platform," accessed February 11, 2014

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[mrjm-170] The New York Times, "Marco Rubio and John McCain Win Primaries in Florida and Arizona," accessed September 2, 2016

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[politicotough-172] Politico, "Rubio: GOP has tough fight ahead to maintain Senate control," accessed August 22, 2016

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[cbslocal-174] CBS Miami, "The Making of Patrick Murphy," June 22, 2016

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[176] PolitiFact, "Mostly True: Marco Rubio has worst voting record of any Florida senator in nearly 50 years," accessed September 3, 2016

[177] Breitbart, "Rubio Wins Reelection Bid — Gives Victory Speech in English and Spanish," accessed November 15, 2016

[178] CNN, "He's in: Marco Rubio's presidential challenge," April 13, 2015

[Suspend-179] The New York Times, "Marco Rubio Suspends His Presidential Campaign," March 15, 2016

[180] Talking Points Memo, "Marco Rubio Suspends Campaign After Losing Florida Primary," March 15, 2016

[181] ABC News, "Sen. Marco Rubio: Yes, I’m Ready to be President," May 11, 2014

[Senhist-182] United States Senate, "Senators Who Became President," accessed October 16, 2013

[183] U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 2, 2010," accessed March 28, 2013

[quotedisclaimer-184] Note: This text is quoted verbatim from the original source. Any inconsistencies are attributable to the original source.

[185] NBC News, "Trump eyes Sen. Marco Rubio as a potential VP pick," March 20, 2024

[186] OpenSecrets, "Marco Rubio (R-FL), 2012," accessed March 20, 2014

[187] This figure represents the total percentage growth from either 2004 (if the member entered office in 2004 or earlier) or the member's first year in office (as noted in the chart below).

[188] This number was found by dividing each member's total net worth growth percentage by the number of years included in the calculation.

[189] This figure was calculated using median asset data from the Census Bureau. Please see the Congressional Net Worth data for Ballotpedia spreadsheet for more information on this calculation.

[190] OpenSecrets.org, "Sen. Marco Rubio," accessed September 18, 2014

[191] GovTrack, "Marco Rubio," accessed July 22, 2014

[192] OpenCongress, "Marco Rubio," archived February 25, 2016

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[194] LegiStorm, "Marco Rubio" accessed 2011

[195] National Journal, "2013 Senate Vote Ratings," accessed July 21, 2014

[196] National Journal, "2012 Congressional Vote Ratings," accessed February 28, 2013

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[198] OpenCongress, "Voting With Party," accessed July 2014

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