IT

The National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) has proposed guidelines for the genetic testing of the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes, based on studies in western populations. This current study assessed potential predictive factors for BRCA mutation probability, in an Asian population. A total of 359 breast cancer patients, who presented with either a family history (FH) of breast and/or ovarian cancer or early onset breast cancer, were accrued at the National Cancer Center Singapore (NCCS). The relationships between clinico-pathological features and mutational status were calculated using the Chi-squared test and binary logistic regression analysis. Of 359 patients, 45 (12.5%) had deleterious or damaging missense mutations in BRCA1 and/or BRCA2. BRCA1 mutations were more likely to be found in ER-negative than ER-positive breast cancer patients (P=0.01). Moreover, ER-negative patients with BRCA mutations were diagnosed at an earlier age (40 vs. 48 years, P=0.008). Similarly, triple-negativ...

The development of rapid and ecofriendly processes for the synthesis of silver (Ag) and gold (Au) nanoparticles is of great importance in the field of nanotechnology. In this study, the extracellular production of Ag and Au nanoparticles was carried out from the leaves of the plants, Tridax procumbens L. (Coat buttons), Jatropa curcas L. (Barbados nut), Calotropis gigantea L. (Calotropis), Solanum melongena L. (Eggplant), Datura metel L. (Datura), Carica papaya L. (Papaya) and Citrus aurantium L. (Bitter orange) by the sunlight exposure method. Qualitative comparisons of the synthesized nanoparticles between the plants were measured. Among these T. procumbens, J. curcas and C. gigantea plants synthesized <20 nm sized and spherical-shaped Ag particles, whereas C. papaya, D. metel and S. melongena produced <20 nm sized monodispersed Au particles. The amount of nanoparticles synthesized and its qualitative characterization was done by UV–vis spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), respectively. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used for structural confirmation. Further analysis carried out by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), provided evidence for the presence of amino groups, which increased the stability of the synthesized nanoparticles.

Many organizations have large amounts of data so, wants to store and process their data by using the remote cloud computing system. In public cloud, the clients store their massive data in the remote public cloud servers. Since the stored data is outside of the control of the clients, it entails the security risks in terms of confidentiality, integrity and availability of data and service. Remote data integrity checking is a primitive which can be used to convince the cloud clients that their data are kept intact. In some special cases, the data owner may be restricted to access the public cloud server, the data owner will delegate the task of data processing and uploading to the third party, for example the proxy. However, the major problem of cloud data storage is security. Therefore, cloud data storage need some mechanisms that should be able to specify storage correctness and integrity of data stored on a cloud. On the other side, the remote data integrity checking protocol must...

Abstract: Problem statement: For any node in a Mobile Ad hoc Network conservation of battery power and bandwidth are the priority. Hence, they try to reduce the overload they would otherwise incur when they forward packets. This selfish behavior of a node affects the throughput of the network. The nodes may also choose a back off value of shorter duration. These problems are handled effectively by the methodology proposed in this study. A conscious effort has been made keeping the constraints of the MANETs in mind. Approach: Misbehavior is best identified at the lower levels as the upper levels of the OSI standard primarily deals with the data the packets carry and less about how, so the network and the MAC layers is where the primary focus lies. Thus, keeping these points in mind, we propose algorithms that work along with the 802.11 MAC protocol to monitor the behavior of neighboring nodes by listening to the channel, specifically monitoring parameters like back off values sent by...

In the recent times, various applications are conceptualized where wireless sensor network (WSN) is used either as a sub-network or as a complete domain. WSN having its unique characteristics, because of that the applicable protocols for congestion control, routing and security require distinguished mechanism as compared to other wireless networks such as WLAN, MANET, etc. One of the most irreversible resources is battery power. Since year 2000 a project called µAMS in Massachusetts Institute of technology (MIT), where Wendi Heizelman has introduced a communication protocol called Low Energy Adaptive clustered Hierarchy (LEACH). Since then, till today enormous amount of research schemes have been suggested to have different layers protocols in WSN, with optimal use of energy. This paper aims to study, investigate and analyze various contributions, limitations, technology used towards energy optimization based protocol development in WSN. The outcome of this paper will be quite valua...

Recent advances in the E-business enable the evolution of software development paradigms. MSA is emerging as an alternative approach to SOA and claiming to resolve various challenges in the software development mechanism. Microservices can be implemented as an independent module for software development. In the growing business era, the user requirement is complex and dynamic. User dynamic requirement is a challenge and cannot be completed by a single microservice hence there is a need of service composition in order to fulfill user dynamic business-related queries. For the appropriate service selection, QoS ontology semantic annotation is performed. There are two service composition methods are available i.e. orchestration and choreography. In this paper, we proposed an effective and efficient hybrid approach for the service composition.

In general, node protection in a communication network guarantees the traffic flow from source to destination. Traditional protection schemes in wired networks introduce either resource-hungry solutions such as the (1+1) protection scheme or a delay and interrupt to the network operation as in the (1:N) protection scheme. Node protection using network coding could solve the above issues. But the existing research efforts are mostly concentrated on wired networks and not much research has been conducted on wireless mesh networks (WMNs). Implementing the traditional (1+1) protection scheme in wireless networks increases the capital cost and resources cannot be fully utilized. On the other hand, the design and implementation of the (1:N) protection scheme in wireless networks for greater value of N (more than 3) is very difficult. Network coding is a promising technique for relaying traffic and node protection in a wireless network. In multihop wireless networks, very few research efforts are concentrated on node protection schemes using network coding and no reports have been published on measuring the Quality of Service (QoS) performance of node protection using network coding. In this paper, first we introduce a protection scheme for a single relay node failure for WMNs using network coding. We measure the QoS performance, e.g., packet delivery ratio (PDR), latency and jitter, for a single relay node failure with and without our protection scheme. Next, we extend the same protection scheme against two relay node failures and compare QoS performance with two relay failures and no failure. The results show that the QoS performance of protection against single relay node failure and two relay node failures are very close to the no failure scheme, while the network reliability increases due to the protection mechanism.