Finland

Matakaray sowal:O itiraay i Ka’amisan-Yoropa a kirakit, o cecay no Limayay kitakit no Ka’amisan-Yoropa. O sera no kitakit i, o tateko no i karopaway a sera ato 17 ‘ofad ira ko pito cicing a kanatal, sakilacen to 19 sakowan mahaop ko 309 niyaro’, kakahad i,ira ko 33.8 ‘ofad km². itini i Fenlan ira ko 18.8 ‘ofad ko fanaw, sa ira ko”Ipatekay fanaw a kitakit” a pacimir to makapahay a ngangan. Isaka’amis no saka’etipan madado’edo ato Roytin, I saka’amis mingata to Norway, ikawali madado’edo ato Rosiya. Isak’etipan mataliyok no Potiniya-Kihaw(波斯尼亞灣;Fenlan a sowal:Pohjanlahti；Roytin a sowal:Bottniska viken), ikatimol no saka’etipan misi’ayaw to Poroti-Riyar, katimol o Fenla-kihaw.^[1]

O tamdaw no Fenlan ira ko 550 ‘ofad, sahetoay o Fenlan finacadan. Itini i Yoropa o saka25 rayray ko ka’adihay no tamdaw. o sifoan a sowal i,o Fenlan sowal ato Roytin a sowal.^[1] nikawrira, o sowal no Roytin itiniay i lilis no riyar ato Awlan-kanatanatalan.

O Fenlan a kitakit o Comahaday-kitakit ato Rihadayay-kitakit, ira ko sakakaay ko kafangcal no ‘orip no tamtamdaw. O pisolap no Linheko to “Rihadayay ko faloco’ i Hekal” i 2018 miheca tahira i 2022 mihecaan matokitok to lima a mihecaan o sakakaay rayray ko karihaday a kitakit ko Fenlan.

Pacomoden no honti no Fenlan ci Ayliko sakasiwa ko Kristo-Pitooran tayni i Fenlan i 1154 miheca.o sowal no Norway to hatiniay a halafin o skakaay kalosowal no Fenlan i katayalan no sifo, pipasifana’an to mitiliday, o sowal sa no Fenla i,tahira to saka 19sici macakat to Finacadan-Harateng, itira I cecay a ‘olic “kalawal” (卡勒瓦拉;Fenla a sowal:Kalevala) ta matenak ko sowal no Fenlan.

I 1808 miheca malalood ko Fenlan, Roytin ato Rosiya, malowid ko Roytin, o Fenlan sa i,ocoren no honti no Rosiya ko sofitay a mi’eco ko Fenlan, to ikor to i,mapateko no Rosiya ko Fenlan mala niyah-pikowan a kitakit, o honti no Rosiya ko mikowanay tahira tahira I 1917 mihecaan.

1917 miheca saka 12 folad saka 6 romi’ad malingato ko Nipilolol mifelih ko Rosiya(十月革命;Rosiya a sowal:Октя́брьская револю́ция), ca ka halafin milekal ko Fenlan to pisiied nani Rosiya.

1918 miheca ira ko lalood ilaloma' nona kitakit.i Sakatosa-Lalood malalooda haca ato Solin, o 1939-1940 miheaan a Kasi'enawan-Lalood ato 1941-1944 matokitok kona laloos, oninian i, o mikapotay to Solin ko Fenlan milood to Toic, 1941 miheca saka 6 folad saka25 romi'ad, Naci-Toic mi'eco a milood to Solin,micomod to ko sofitay no Toic i Solin mikihamon ko sofitay no Fenlan milood to Solin,mapasadak ko 47 'ofad ko sofitay mi'eco to Solin, mapalolol koya ma'afasay no Solin a sera i Kasi'enawan-Lalood, sa patireng sa to ”Tata’akay-Fenalan”, mico’eco haca ko sofitay no Fenlan i Sakawaliay-Kalilina(Finnish invasion of East Karelia) , saka9 folad ma’eco haca no Fenlan ko Awnika-fanaw. Hatiniay ko pidama no Fenlan to Naci-Toic a milood o malakapotay to ato Toic sanay to ko pinengengen no Tokodan-Kitakit(軸心國; Ikiris a sowal:Axis power; Toic a sowal:Die Achsenmächte), caay ka picomod i “Toloay-Kitakit Lekapep a Kakaketonan”(德意日三國同盟條約; Ikiris a sowal:Tripartite Pact；Toic a sowal:Dreimächtepakt；Italiya a sowal:Patto tripartito；Dipon a sowal:日独伊三国間条約), o Ikiris lekal sato to milood to Fenlan i 1941 miheca saka 12 folad saka 6 romi’ad.

1944 miheca saka 6 folad micowat ko Solin to Fenlan, itira i Wipao-Pitorocawoceko(維堡-彼得羅札沃茨克)malowid ko Fenlan,toyanan malowid no Sofitay no Solin ko Toic i Aysaniya,toya saka 9 folad matatilid to “Sapisawad a malalood a Mosko Kakaketonan”, sawadaen no Solin koya nano Fenlan a Kariliya-Tata’eman(卡累利阿地峽; Rosiya a sowal:Карельский перешеек; Fenla a sowal:Karjalankannas),Latociakaliliya ,Picinka-Etal(佩琴加區; Rosiya a sowal:Пе́ченгский райо́н; Fenla a sowal:Petsamo) ato Sala(薩拉;Fenlan a sowal:：Salla). Ira ko pipacici no Nisakapotay-Kitakit(Allies of World War II) ato Solin ko Fenlan sa milood to Tpic i Lapolan-Lalood(拉普蘭戰爭;Ikiris a sowal:Lapland War; Fenla a sowal:Lapin sota), tona lalood malaplap no Fenlan ko sofitay no Toic nani sa’amisan no Fenlan a Lapolan-Etal.

I 1947 miheca ato 1948 miheca ira ko pinapina a katatilid no Solin ato Fenlan, mirikec to salongoc ato hatayal no Fenlan sakisolin, o Fenlan sato i, mido’edo to ninian a kakaketonan mihayi to kamaro’ no sofitay no Solin i sakawaliay a sera. Lacemcem to ko Roytin ato Awtili to ka’ecoan no Solin alamilekallekal sato ”Caay-Pisahakinih Kitakit”. Orasaka, mina’ay mikapot to ” Saka’amisay Tata'angay Sa'etipay Riyaran a Kakaketonan Lekatep” (North Atlantic Treaty Organization, NATO) to ato ”Fasa-Kakaketonan Lekatep” (華沙公約組織;Организация Варшавского Договора) to.

1991 miheca, matekop ko Solin(蘇聯解體; Rosiya a sowal:Распад СССР), laheci sato ko kapisiiked no Fenlan,i 1995 miheca mikapot Yoropa-Lekatep. I 2022 miheca saka 5 folad saka 18 romi'ad mipasingsi to sapikapotaw to ” Saka’amisay Tata'angay Sa'etipay Riyaran a Kakaketonan Lekatep”.^[2]

O kakahad no sera no Fenlan ira ko 228,000km², o sakafalo ko tata’ang i Yoropa, nani ’amis tahira i katimol ira ko 1,157 km ko kato’edaw no sera, nani kawali tahira i ka’etip ira ko 542km. sa ira ko”patekay-kanatal a kitakit” ano ca ” patekay-fanaw a kitakit” a pacimir to makapahay a ngangan. Ano songila’en a misa’osi polong no Fenla kitakit ira ko 188,000 ko fanaw ato 179,000 ko kanatal. O pala no Fenlan i, sahetoay masadafdafay,o Lapolan-etal itiraay i kalal’edan no Fenlan ato Norway, o Hartiya-pocok itiraay i Norway, nani tongroh no riyar ira ko 1,365 laya’, o pasitiraay i Fenlan nani tongroh no riyar ira ko 1,328 laya’ o sakakaay a takalaway no Fenlan.^[3]o sato’edaway ’alo o Kaymi-’Alo, ira ko 550 km.^[4]

Caay ko fanaw aca ko adihayay, o matahepoay no kilakilangan a sera mahaop ko 69%, nikawrira, o liomah i, cowa ka adihay, dengan 8%. o masa’opoay a kanatal itiraay i la’ed no karopaw no Fenlan ato Awlan-kanatanatalan a Kanatalan-Riyar.(群島海;Fenlan a sowal:Saaristomeri; Roytin a sowal:Skärgårdshavet).

O saka’aisay-rafa’efaay ko kakarayan no Fenlan, si’enaway to kasi’enawan, latek i,caay ka firo no tamdaw ko kasi’enaw no romi’ad, ikacifelangan sa’emelay ko kakarayan.

O kaitiraan no Fenlan itiraay i kalala’edan no 60° N ato 70° N, ira ko cecay no kalisepat itirray i Ska’amisan-Poco’ no cikiw,^[5]o saka’amisay a pala i kacifrangan ira ko 73 romi’ad cowa ka picelem ko cidal, i kasi’enawan ira ko 51 romi’ad cowa ka sadak ko cidal.

O sakakaay misanga’ay to dafong, paitemekay ko pili’etan a kitakit ko Fenlan, o lalen a ni’etanan no kalotamdaw tada i kakaay no lalen no Yoropa, matatoktokay ato fiyaw a kitakit Roytin. O sakakaay a tayal o misangaay to dafong, o kilang,’eki’ekiman, misanga’ to loma’ ato lalan, o tinwa ato calayay a tayal.o cinganganay a calayay dafong o Nokiya, orasak malita’ang to ka’aloman no kakafitifit i calay ato iraay ko kapalay-tingwa.

O sakakaay a demak ko kali’aca to dafong i roma a kitakit, o ’etan no cecay no kalitolo no GDP o nipasadakan i roma a kitakit to dafong a paliwal, o kilang ato mamang a tadafokeloh aca ko patahtahan, o i sapasanga’ a dafong, saparakat to kikay a simal ato saparing a dafong no kikay sahetoay o mi’acaan nani roma a kitakit.

Orasaka, ko’esit ko pikafit no Fenlan ato roma a kitakit to saka’orip, o mitayalan a maamaan ira ko cecay no kalitolo o nipasadakan a paliwal. O kali’acaan ato Yoropa-Lekatep mahaop ko 60%. O kali’acaan a kitakit ira ko Toic,Rosiya, Roytin, Ikiris, Amirika, Holan ato Congko. O rikec no kali’aca o Yoropa-Lekatep ko misana’ay a miketon, itini i Yoropa-Lekatep edeng o losay no liomah ko no niyah a tayal, oroma sa i, paitemek sanay ko kali’aca no tamtamdaw. I 1999 miheca mikapot to Yoropa-Payso a Faco, anini edengan o Fenlan ko miraoyay to Yoropa-Payso i Ka’amisay-Yoropa.

I 2017 mihecaan a pisa’osi no Fenlan, o polong a tamdaw no Fenlan ira ko 552’ofad.^[6] itini i Fenlan ira ko tosa a kalosowal no sifo, o Fenlan-Sowal, mahaop ko 88.3% ko tamdaw, ato Roytin-Sowal, mahaop ko 5.3% ko tamdaw. O mamangay a sowal i, ira ko Sami-tamdaw, Rosiya-tamdaw, Yotaya-tamdaw ato Tatan-finacadan.

Itiya ho i Kasi’enawan-Lalood ira ko 12% a tamdaw milongoc to kamaro’an. Yo malaheci sato ko lalood ira ko kaletengay a demak to sapatefoc to lalood, mikilim to katayalan no awaay ko tayal, ato i’ayaw no pisiiked no Fenlan tadamanikaw ko kitakit, orasaka, ’aloman ko mafolaway a tamdaw i 1970 mihecaan. Tahira sato i 1990 mihecaan rahoday to ko ’orip, mahaneknek to ko sieci, ahihay ko saparihaday no sifo to tamdaw, oria to ko saka patatikor a minokay kaya mafolaway, ato ira ho ko fa’elohay a mafoloaway a tayni.

O kalosowal no sifoan o Fenlan-sowal ato Roytin-sowal, nikawrira, i ’edef no kitakit o sakakaay ko sowal no Fenlan,o sowal no Roytin itiraay i saka’etipan, i sakatimoan a lilis no riyar ato Awla-Niyah Pikowan a etal. Mahaop ko 88.3% no tamdaw o Fenlan-sowal ko kalosowal to romi’ami’ad,^[7]o cecay a capa’ no Olar-Sowal a rayray ko sowal no Fenlan. O mingataay a sowal i, o Kaliliya a sowal ato Aysaniya sowal, ano kadkaden ko iraayay a kakafitan ira ko Sami a sowal ato Siyongyali a sowal.ira ko 5.3% a tamdaw o Roytin sowal ko kalasowal.^[7] o saka’amisay-Yoropa a sowal ato Kaliliya a sowal ira ko pipasiiked no sifo misapatenak.

I saka’amisan no Fenlan ira ko pinapina a niyaro’ o sowal no Sami-tamdaw ko kalosowal no sifo, latek ira ko 7,000 a Sami-tamdaw o nihayian no sifo to yincumin.cecay no kalisepat no Sami-tamdaw o cecay no kasasiromaroma a Sami-sowal ko kalosowal. Itini i Fenlan a Sami-sowal ira ko Ka’amisay-Sami sowal, Yinali-Sami sowal ato Skorto-Sami a sowal.

Itini i Fenlan ira ko 5000~6000 a tamdaw o Romo-sowal ko kalosowal, ona Romo-sowal o nihayian no Tatapangan-Rikec no Fenlan.

Itini i Fenlan tosa ko Kamayan-Sowal, onini i, o Fenlan Kamayan-Sowal ato Fenlan-Roytin Kamayan-Sowal. Latek ira ko 800 a Tatan-tam daw o Tatan-sowal ko kalosowal, onian a Tatan-tamdaw o itiyaay ho i nikowanan no Honti no Rosiya i 1870 tahira i 1920 mihecaan mapaci’eci a mapaforaw a tayni i Fenlan.

O mamangay a finacadan(Sami-tamdaw ato Romo-tamdaw) mapa’ading i Tatapangan-Rikec no Fenlan.^[8] ona mamangay a finacadan o somowalay to Rosiya(1.4%) ko sa’alomanay, Aysaniya-sowal (0.9%), Arapiya-sowal(0.4%) Somaliya-sowal(0.3%) ato Ikiris-sowal(0.3%).^[7] O mitiliday a ka’emangay to saka 3 mihecaan ato saka 5 mihecaan (9 ko mihecaan tahira i 11 mihecaan) mipaci’ecian a papinanam to Ikiris-sowal.^[7] O sowal no Toic, Fransu ato Rosiya nani saka 8 mihecaan (14 ko mihecaan) o sakatosa a hatatanamen a sowal.  

O mipa’adingay to paifaloco’ay a mitoor to pitooran ko Fenlan a kitakit, paitemek sa ko tamtamdaw a mitoor to kasasiromaroma a pitooran, cowa ka pilalang ko sifo. Ano ca to kahapinang ko piri’ang to rikec no kitakit ato mideamk to katalawan a tayal, pakaso’elin to miri’angay to tamdaw a pitooran, cowa ka pilalang ko sifo.

O misakristoay a pitooran i saka 12 sici iraay to a matenak tayni i Fenlan,^[9] nikawrira, i saka 19sici itini i maomahay a niyaro’ matanakay ho ko to’asan a cikawasay pitooran. 2019 miheca mahaop ko 68.6% a tamdaw o mitooray to Rote-Kasafelaw(路德宗；Suomen evankelis-luterilainen kirkko).^[10] ona Rote-Kasafelaw malowanay to 1% to cecaay a mihecaan. O sakatosa a skakaay a pitooran o Sakawaliay So’elinay Kyokai(芬蘭正教會; Fenla a sowal:Suomen ortodoksinen kirkko; Roytin a sowal:Ortodoxa kyrkan i Finland), o motooray a tamdaw ira ko 1.1% no Fenlan.^[11]misiikedan a mipatosek ko kaira no Rote-Kasafelaw itini i Tatapangan-Rikec no kitakit,^[12] nikawrira,o Sakawaliay So’elinay Kyokai mipatekedan a misanga’ ko rikec to sapipa’ading.^[13] orasaka,ona tosaay a pitooran matiyaay to no kitakita a pitooran ko tiring, ano hatiratiraay mapa’adingay no rikec ko roma a pitooran to paitemek a mitoor ko tamtamdaw.^[14] o cowa ka pitoor to pitooran a tamdaw nornor sanay a matongal to mihecahecan. Tahira I 2018 miheca o caay ka pitoor to pitooran a tamdaw mahaopay to 27.4%.^[11]oninian a sa’osi latek ira ko caay ka fana’ to pipatenak no pitooran. Roma sato, latek ira ko 47,000 tamdaw no Fenlan, onini mahaop ko 1% tamdaw no Fenlan mitokiay i Fa’elohay-Misakristoay(五旬節運動; Pentecostalism), ona pitooran misasiromaay ko pisa’icel a somowal tono winaan sowal.ono wina a sowal ko pidipot no Seilie sanay, matiyaay o “Liongkay”.

O roma a pitooran ira ko roma a kasafelaw no Fa’elohay-Misakristoay, mitooran to Roma-Tinsikiw, Muslim ato Yotaya a pitooran.                                                                                                  

1. ↑ ^{1.0 1.1} 芬兰国家概况. 中華人民共和國外交部. [2021-02-11]. （原始內容存檔於2021-12-12） （中文（中國大陸））.
2. ↑ Suomi jätti Nato-jäsenhakemuksensa Brysselissä. Yle. 2022-05-18 [2022-05-26]. （原始內容存檔於2022-06-05） （芬蘭語）.
3. ↑ Kangasniemi, Tuomas. Halti ei ole Suomen korkein huippu. tekniikkatalous.fi. 2009-10-26 [2016-08-23]. （原始內容存檔於2016-09-02） （芬蘭語）.
4. ↑ 水域 > 河流. FishinginFinland.fi. [2018-04-28]. （原始內容存檔於2018-04-29） （中文）.
5. ↑ 国家概况- 人口地理- 地理概况. 芬蘭國家旅遊局. 2006-08-04 [2007-12-26]. （原始內容存檔於2007-08-31） （中文（簡體））.
6. ↑ Finland’s preliminary population 5,516,224 at the end of 2017. Tilastokeskus.fi. Statistics Finland. 2018-02-15 [2018-02-22]. （原始內容存檔於2018-02-16） （英語）.
7. ↑ ^{7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3} Language according to age and sex by region in 1990 to 2016. Statistics Finland. 2016-12-31 [2018-02-22]. （原始內容存檔於2018-02-22） （英語）.
8. ↑ Suomen perustuslaki (11.6.1999/731). finlex.fi. [2018-02-22]. （原始內容存檔於2018-02-21） （芬蘭語）. 芬蘭憲法第17條和第121條
9. ↑ Milloin opetussuunnitelman perusteet omaavat uskonnot ja uskonnolliset yhdyskunnat tulivat Suomeen?. edu.fi. 2015-10-30 [2016-06-29]. （原始內容存檔於2016-01-25） （芬蘭語）.
10. ↑ Kirkon jäsenyydessä arvostetaan perinteitä ja kirkollisia toimituksia. Suomen evankelis-luterilainen kirkko. 2020-01-27 [2020-01-28]. （原始內容存檔於2020-01-28） （芬蘭語）.
11. ↑ ^{11.0 11.1} Population. Statistics Finland. 2019-04-01 [2020-01-28]. （原始內容存檔於2017-10-18） （英語）.
12. ↑ Suomen perustuslaki (11.6.1999/731). finlex.fi. [2016-06-29]. （原始內容存檔於2019-04-30） （芬蘭語）. 芬蘭憲法第76條
13. ↑ Laki ortodoksisesta kirkosta. finlex.fi. [2016-06-29]. （原始內容存檔於2016-06-21） （芬蘭語）.
14. ↑ Suomen perustuslaki (11.6.1999/731). finlex.fi. [2016-06-29]. （原始內容存檔於2019-04-30） （芬蘭語）. 芬蘭憲法第11條