Architecture, Design and Planning

This paper presents a life cycle assessment (LCA) of heat supply scenarios for the replacement of fossil-based energy systems through a case study focusing on an existing gas-fired boiler supplying heat for buildings located in Tallaght, Ireland. The three replacement systems considered are a waste heat fed heat pump district heating system (WHP-DH), a biomass CHP plant district heating system (BCHP-DH), and an individual gas boiler system (GB). The study found that both DH systems have lower environmental impact than the GB, with the BCHP-DH being superior to WHP-DH. However, using 2030 electricity data showed almost similar overall impacts for both the DH systems. Human toxicity potential (HTP) was highest among all impact categories studied and was due to the large additional infrastructure requirement for all three systems. Whereas the other impacts; Global warming (GWP), Fossil fuel depletion (FFD) and Eutrophication (EP), were due to involving usage of natural gas and electric...

This chapter aims to address corporative social responsibility (CSR) as a key element of co-creative culture in developing sustainability in practice of regional innovation. This point is drawn from a lesson learned from a case study of a renewable energy project, which is called Winds of Change (WoC) in Denmark. In this chapter, the authors firstly regard creativity as a pathway to develop sustainability from a socio-cultural approach that also provides a basis of understanding that in the practice of developing sustainability, it requires a co-creative culture. Therefore, they use a systems view and examine co-creative behaviors in the case of WoC through the interplays between three dimensions including domain, field, and individuals (or organizations). Using this case, the authors conclude that a better sustainable world requires a better practice of CSR among organizations based on which the different actors should contribute to their cooperative efforts in a co-creation proces...

This paper presents a “master” plan that covers the coastal area of the east side of Lefkas Island. Firstly, theoretical perspectives such as Integrated Coastal Zone Management and institutional tools such as the Special Land Use Framework for Planning and Sustainable Development of Coastal Areas and Islands (still under approval) are taken into consideration.
The second part of the paper examines a range of methodological tools, which are applied both to analysis and proposal.
The third part includes the criteria for selecting the study area, the rationale of its demarcation and the analysis - diagnosis of the existing situation, in order to identify the problems and the comparative advantages.
Finally, a series of proposals for the spatial organization of the study area are presented via zoning which regulates the protection of sensitive ecosystems and the sustainable development of significant unexploited resources (including heritage, local identity, tradition and landscape), aiming at the differentiation of the tourist product and its connection with the rest of the productive system. In conjunction, an agenda is presented, including projects and actions which support the implementation of zoning.
The paper ends with drawing conclusions for the whole project.

Firstly, the research begins with the quote of the conceptual content of the coastal area, recognizing the importance and investigating the pressures from the concentration of activities in coastal areas. The second chapter focuses on the need for an integrated approach to coastal management and elaborates the meaning and scope of Integrated Coastal Zone Management.
The overall EU policy for ICZM is analyzed in detail in Chapter Three. This chapter investigates both the role of EU towards Member States and the role of Member – States in the implementation of ICZM at national level. Important reference is made in the evaluation of the legal framework of EU and the reasons for the delay of the implementation of ICZM at national level. The role played by institutional, administrative and legal system in the implementation of ICZM in Portugal and Greece are thoroughly presented, in order to understand in depth those reasons. Portugal seems to have adequately incorporate the EU guidelines for the implementation of ICZM, while Greece is still a step behind. However, there are conditions for the further development of ICZM in our country.
Finally, the paper ends with drawing conclusions over the analysis, noting in particular that the fundamental factor for the success or failure of ICZM in a Member State is the administrative structure and the extend of its centralization or decentralization.

The  Emirates  Air  Line,  a  cable  car  built  in East  London  in  2012,  is  a  controversial project  that  has  been  extensively  criticised primarily due to its low commuting passenger  numbers  and  unreliability.  This  research examines  the  planning  process  behind  the Emirates  Air  Line  and  ascertains  the rationalities  that  were  put  forward  by  the
relevant planning authorities to legitimise the project. In addition, the study  of the planning process leads into  a deeper analysis regarding the influence of power on the aforementioned rationalities.  Analysis of planning documents,
newspaper  articles  and  interviews  with  two planners  well  acquainted  with  the  planning process  demonstrate  that  the  main  driver behind  the  Emirates  Air  Line  was  the  2012  Olympics, while the most debatable being its branding  as  a  commuting  link.  This  study ascertains that, in the long term, the planners aimed  to  use  the  cable  car  as  a  catalyst  for
regeneration  in  East  London.  The  analysis also demonstrates  that  power  has  a  large effect on the construction of rationalities. The manner  in  which  power  is  structured,  with
Mayor  Boris  Johnson  as  head  of  large institutions such as Transport for London and the Greater London Authority aid him in the rationalization and legitimization of  the cable
car.  Like  other  studies,  the  cable  car  case demonstrates  the  influence  of  politics  over decision making, as well as the pervasiveness of  neoliberal  ideology  in  modern  day
planning.

This paper seeks to bring together and present different methods of power identification and visualization that have been used in diverse decision-making arenas and develop a preliminary proposal about power visualization in mobility policy-planning by combining elements of the existing methods. Visualizing power in mobility policy-planning is useful in terms of changing the normative and abstract way power is usually perceived, by rendering explicit how power works and is exercised in practice in the context of a policy-making field (mobility) that mirrors unequal socio-spatial relations more than any other policy-making field. Furthermore, visualizations of power relations can be used as a tool to inform planners and diverse stakeholders about the influence, the goals of different power actors and the ways they influence the mobility policy-making and each other by making this implicit knowledge visible. This knowledge can enhance coordination among actors as well as empower weaker actors, thus lead to improved and fairer policy outcomes.

Cities have changed their pulse, their pace, and reach, and the urban scale is an interconnected element of the global "network society" with new forms of social, cultural and economic life emerging. The increase in the amount and speed of mobilities has strong impacts on ecological conditions, and, so far, no comprehensive sustainable solutions are in sight. This paper focuses on the discussion around smart cities, with a specific focus on automation and sustainability. Discourses on automated mobility in urban spaces are in a process of creation and different stakeholders contribute in shaping the urban space and its infrastructures for automated driving in the near or distant future. In many ways, it seems that the current storylines, to a high degree, reinforce and (re)produce the "system of automobility". Automobility is still treated as the iconic and taken-for-granted form of modern mobility. It seems that most actors from industry, planning, and politics consider it as being sustained through smart and green mobility innovations and modifications. The paper discusses the implication of these techno-policy discourses and storylines for urban planning. It presents preliminary results from ongoing research on policy promotion strategies of automated driving in the region of Munich, Germany.

Cities have changed their pulse, their pace, and reach, and the urban scale is an interconnected element of the global “network society” with new forms of social, cultural and economic life emerging. The increase in the amount and speed of mobilities has strong impacts on ecological conditions, and, so far, no comprehensive sustainable solutions are in sight. This paper focuses on the discussion around smart cities, with a specific focus on automation and sustainability. Discourses on automated mobility in urban spaces are in a process of creation and different stakeholders contribute in shaping the urban space and its infrastructures for automated driving in the near or distant future. In many ways, it seems that the current storylines, to a high degree, reinforce and (re)produce the “system of automobility”. Automobility is still treated as the iconic and taken-for-granted form of modern mobility. It seems that most actors from industry, planning, and politics consider it as being...

Lately, there has been a tendency in academia to call for more interdisciplinary research on sustainable mobility. However, there is a lack of empirical research on practiced interdisciplinarity. This paper seeks to address this by exploring the practices of an intended interdisciplinary doctoral research group. Specifically, it presents the study of a collaborative autoethnography using individual vignettes and qualitative data analysis. The results classify the identified interdisciplinary practices into three main categories: Interactions, productive processes, and negotiation processes, where interactions serve as a carrier for negotiation and productive processes. This also uncovers advantages and challenges associated with these interactions. Furthermore, the analysis reveals intersubjectivity as an important component of the infrastructure of interdisciplinarity involved in both processes. Finally, we call for a reevaluation of the hierarchical thinking about the different le...

Urban experiments have been promoted as means to enable innovation for sustainability, particularly in urban mobility. Yet, they have been criticized for struggling to stimulate broader transformations, as they often are detached from public-value principles, lack embeddedness in the cities' everyday realities and are industry-oriented. How cultural changes on different governance levels intersect to produce urban experiments with transformative potential has received little attention. This paper focuses on how urban experiments are co-created with broader governance cultures in multiple governance levels, and what the implications of this co-creation are for urban transformation. We provide a theoretical background on the interrelations between governance cultures and urban experimentation, and the debate on urban experimentation within Science and Technology Studies, transition/innovation studies and urban studies to identify the main barriers for urban transformation. We, then, present our methodology consisting of the case study selection of the multi-level governance nexus State-Region-City in Stuttgart and Karlsruhe, our data collection with interviews and documents, and the analytical tool of storylines to capture the co-production of governance cultures and urban experiments. We continue with the analysis of the case study of automated driving experimentation with the concept of storylines. Our findings show that urban experiments are more likely to lead to urban transformation when the local public sector has a strong role in governance processes, and when experiments emerge through deliberation on daily urban problems and policy agendas. When governance processes are mainly led by state and industry actors who prioritize testing technologies as universal and scalable byproducts, it is less likely for urban experiments to lead to urban transformation. Finally, we discuss when urban experimentation advances technology per se and when it adds public value and advances sustainability, arguing for a co-existence of different kinds of urban experiments. We conclude with future research and policy implications.