「罗摩衍那」：修訂間差異
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[[Image:Rama and Hanuman fighting Ravana, an album painting on paper, c1820.jpg|thumb|250px|罗摩衍那的神猴
{{印度教}}
《'''罗摩衍那'''》（[[梵语]]：'''रामायण'''，{{IAST|Rāmāyaṇa}}，意思为“罗摩的历险经历”）是[[印度]]两大史诗之一、另一部是《[[摩訶婆羅多]]》。作者是[[诗人]][[蚁垤]]，或譯'''跋彌'''（Valmiki），共分为七章，24,000对对句。内容主要讲述[[拘薩羅国]]王子[[罗摩]]和他妻子[[悉多]]的故事。罗摩衍那和另一部更长的史诗《[[摩诃婆罗多]]》是印度文化的基础，对印度[[文学]]、[[宗教]]的发展有相当大的作用
罗摩衍那最早成书於公元前300年（至西元三世紀定稿），第二章到第六章是原作，第一章和第七章可能是后来（不早于公元前200年）补充进去的，原作将罗摩描绘成一位理想的英雄，但后来补充的部分将罗摩说成是[[毗湿奴]]的化身，两部分的文笔也不一致。
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=== 第六章《战争书》 ===
罗摩要求罗波那放回自己的妻子，受到罗波那的拒绝，他决定发起战争，在神兵的帮助下建立了一座通往[[斯里蘭卡]]的桥梁 - [[羅摩橋]]，杀死魔王罗波那，救回悉多。由于被困在魔国了几年，没有什么能保证悉多是以前純粹与贞洁。只好通过火验才能证实她对罗摩的专一，当她走进火堆时，火神无法胜过她的贞洁，使得她一点的伤痕都没有。这时已经过去14年，他们一起回到拘薩羅，罗摩接受王位。他统治的时期[[印地语]]称为“罗摩莱亚”（罗摩统治期间），这个词在印度文化中一直代表理想的治理和公正的法律。
=== 第七章《结局书》 ===
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== 影響 ==
{{main|孔劇}}
《罗摩衍那》不仅是印度文化的根源之一，对[[东南亚]]的文化也有很大的影响。隨著[[婆羅門教]]的傳播，[[爪哇岛]]、[[巴厘岛]]、[[马来西亚]]、[[菲律宾]]、[[泰国]]、[[柬埔寨]]、[[缅甸]]、[[寮國]]等地都有
==參考文獻==
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* {{cite book|last=Dutt|first=Romesh C. |title=Ramayana|publisher=Kessinger Publishing|year=2004|page=208|isbn=978-1-4191-4387-8|url=https://books.google.com/?id=RPKav7K9eNUC|ref=harv}}
*{{cite book|last=Dutt|first=Romesh Chunder |title=The Ramayana and Mahabharata condensed into English verse|publisher=Courier Dover Publications|year=2002|page=352|isbn=978-0-486-42506-1|url=https://books.google.com/?id=MDf8N9nMlugC}}
* {{cite book
* {{cite book|last=Keshavadas|first=Sadguru Sant|title=Ramayana at a Glance|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publ., |year=1988|page=211|isbn=978-81-208-0545-3|url=https://books.google.com/?id=3XIatVGyjmQC|ref=harv}}
* {{cite book|last=Goldman|first=Robert P. | title=The Ramayana of Valmiki: An Epic of Ancient India: Balakanda|publisher=Princeton University Press|year=1990|isbn=978-0-691-01485-2|url=https://books.google.com/?id=DWX43jnbOngC&printsec=frontcover |ref=harv}}
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* {{cite book|last=Prabhavananda|first=Swami|title=The Spiritual Heritage of India |publisher=Vedanta Press|year=1979 |page=374|isbn=978-0-87481-035-6|url=https://books.google.com/?id=zupDCwE73O0C&printsec=frontcover}} ([[Spiritual Heritage of India (book)|see also Wikipedia article on book]])
* Raghunathan, N. (transl.), ''Srimad Valmiki Ramayanam'', Vighneswara Publishing House, Madras (1981)
* {{cite book|ref=harv|last=Rohman|first=Todd|editor=Watling, Gabrielle
* {{cite book|last=Sattar|first=Arshia (transl.)|authorlink=Arshia Sattar|title=The Rāmāyaṇa by Vālmīki|publisher=Viking|year=1996|page=696|isbn=978-0-14-029866-6|url=https://books.google.com/?id=em3XAAAAMAAJ|ref=harv}}
* {{cite book|last=Sundararajan|first=K.R.|title=Hindu spirituality: Vedas through Vedanta|editor=Krishna Sivaraman |editor2=Bithika Mukerji|publisher=The Crossroad Publishing Co.|year=1989|pages=106–126|chapter=The Ideal of Perfect Life : The Ramayana|isbn=978-0-8245-0755-8|url=https://books.google.com/?id=xPYp7_kMBK4C&pg=PA106}}
* ''A different Song'' – Article from "The Hindu" 12 August 2005 – {{cite web|url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/fr/2005/08/12/stories/2005081201210200.htm |title=The Hindu : Entertainment Thiruvananthapuram / Music : A different song |publisher=Hinduonnet.com |date=12 August 2005 |accessdate=1 September 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101027001647/http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/fr/2005/08/12/stories/2005081201210200.htm |archivedate=27 October 2010 }}
* ''[http://www.ramayanabook.com/ Valmiki's ''Ramayana'' illustrated with Indian miniatures from the 16th to the 19th century] {{Wayback|url=http://www.ramayanabook.com/ |date=20210418081035 }}'', 2012, Editions Diane de Selliers, ISBN 9782903656768
{{Refend}}
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* [https://web.archive.org/web/20150511165242/http://gretil.sub.uni-goettingen.de/gret_utf.htm#Ram Sanskrit text] on [[GRETIL]]
;翻譯著作
* ''[http://valmikiramayan.net ''Valmiki Ramayana''] {{Wayback|url=http://valmikiramayan.net/ |date=20210422223622 }}'' verse translation by Desiraju Hanumanta Rao, K. M. K. Murthy et al.
* ''[http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/rama/index.htm Valmiki ''Ramayana''] {{Wayback|url=http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/rama/index.htm |date=20180412232155 }}'' translated by [[Ralph T. H. Griffith]] (1870–1874) ([[:gutenberg:24869|Project Gutenberg]])
* ''[http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/dutt/rama01.htm The ''Ramayana'' condensed into English verse] {{Wayback|url=http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/dutt/rama01.htm |date=20210426175949 }}'' by [[Romesh Chunder Dutt|R. C. Dutt]] (1899) [https://archive.org/details/RamayanaTheEpicOfRamaPrinceOfIndiaCondensedIntoEnglishVerseBy at archive.org]
* Prose translation of the complete ''Ramayana'' by M. N. Dutt (1891–1894): [https://archive.org/details/ramayanablaknda00vlgoog Balakandam], [https://archive.org/details/ramayana01duttgoog Ayodhya Kandam], [https://archive.org/details/ramayanaranyakn00vlgoog Aranya Kandam], [https://archive.org/details/TheRamayanaKishkindhaKandam Kishkindha Kandam], [https://archive.org/details/ramayanaranyakn00vlgoog Sundara Kandam], [https://archive.org/details/ramayana03vlgoog Yuddha Kandam], [https://archive.org/details/TheRamayanaUttaraKandam Uttara Kandam]
* ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=nAzNbPus9TcC Rāma the Steadfast: an early form of the ''Rāmāyaṇa''] {{Wayback|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nAzNbPus9TcC |date=20200819152340 }}'' translated by J. L. Brockington and Mary Brockington. Penguin, 2006. ISBN 0-14-044744-X.
* ''[[Geet Ramayan]]'' literally "''Ramayan'' in verse" in Marathi by G. D. Madgulkar
;第二來源
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* [http://www.kamat.com/kalranga/mythology/ramayan/index.htm 罗摩衍那图片、雕塑] {{Wayback|url=http://www.kamat.com/kalranga/mythology/ramayan/index.htm |date=20070218213646 }}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120714054056/http://ramayana.sites.f-i.com/ Google推出的在线互动版罗摩衍那]
* [http://oll.libertyfund.org/index.php?option=com_staticxt&staticfile=show.php%3Ftitle=1778&Itemid=28 A condensed verse translation] {{Wayback|url=http://oll.libertyfund.org/index.php?option=com_staticxt&staticfile=show.php%3Ftitle=1778&Itemid=28 |date=20210305194943 }} by [[Romesh Chunder Dutt]] sponsored by the [[Liberty Fund]]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20130501055540/http://orias.berkeley.edu/hero/ramayana/index.html The ''Ramayana'' as a Monomyth] from UC Berkeley (archived)
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