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「大滿貫炸彈」:修訂間差異

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發展過程:​ 修飾語句
清理未知參數
 
(未顯示由 12 位使用者於中間所作的 18 次修訂)
第1行:
{{Infobox Weapon
| name = Grand Slam<br />大滿貫炸彈
| image = [[Image:British Grand Slam bomb.jpg|300px]]
| image_size = 300px
| caption = A Grand Slam bomb being handled at [[RAF Woodhall Spa]]
| caption = 正在{{le|伍德霍尔斯帕皇家空军基地|RAF Woodhall Spa}}吊裝的大滿貫炸彈
| origin = {{GB}}[[大英帝國]]
| type origin = [[Earthquake bomb]] {{GB}}
| origintype = {{GB}}重型[[大英帝國航空炸彈]]
<!-- Type selection -->
| is_ranged =
第11行 ⟶ 第12行:
| is_artillery =
| is_vehicle =
| is_missile =
| is_UK = Yes
<!-- Service history -->
| service = 1945
| used_by = [[Royal Air Force英國皇家空軍]]
| wars = [[World War II二次大戰]]
<!-- Production history -->
| designer = [[Barnes Wallis巴恩斯·沃利斯]]
| design_date = 1943
| manufacturer = [[Vickers维克斯-阿姆斯特朗公司]],(Vickers)<br />[[Sheffield]] <br />Clyde Alloy/Steel Company of Scotland, Blochairn, Glasgow
| unit_cost =
| production_date = 1944-45
第46行:
| filling = [[Torpex]] D1
| filling_weight = {{convert|4144|kg|lb|abbr=on}}
| detonation = penetration: 滲透力:{{convert|40|m|ft|abbr=on}} (earth)(地震){{sfn|Flight staff|1946}} 2–{{convert|6|m|ft|abbr=on}} (concrete)(混凝土){{sfn|Flight staff|1946}}{{sfn|Grube|2006}}
| yield = 6.5 tons [[TNT equivalent爆炸當量]]
}}
'''大滿貫炸彈'''(Grand Slam)為被[[英國皇家空軍]]於[[二次世界大戰]]期間針對戰略性目標所使用,總重達10,000公斤(22,000磅)的穿地炸弹。被官方正式列名為 '''Bomb, Medium Capacity, 22,000 lb''' 的大滿貫炸彈,是其前輩[[高腳櫃炸彈]]的放大版,並且比較接近 [[Barnes Wallis巴恩斯·沃利斯]] 最初在構思其穿地炸彈時的原始尺寸。它還有個叫做「十噸黛絲」的[[諢名]]。<ref>[http://www.flightglobal.com/FlightPDFArchive/1945/1945%20-%201224.PDF MAP Exhibition] {{Wayback|url=http://www.flightglobal.com/FlightPDFArchive/1945/1945%20-%201224.PDF |date=20160306163028 }} ''Flight'' 21 June 1945 p688</ref>
 
==發展過程==
{{參見|高脚柜炸弹#.E8.A8.AD.E8.A8.88|l1=高腳櫃炸彈設計}}
 
{{quotation|當[[高腳櫃炸彈]]的成功被證明後,Wallis 設計了另一項更具威力的武器...這個22,000磅的炸彈是在1945年的春天問世的,而我們用它有效攻擊通往[[鲁尔区|魯爾]]的高架橋和鐵路等目標,同時也用在幾個[[U艇]]的船塢上。而在需要的時候,這個炸彈也會被用來攻擊地下工廠。在戰爭結束時,我們對攻擊這些目標所作的準備已是相當充份。|Sir [[Arthur Travers Harris第一代从男爵亚瑟·哈里斯爵士|亚瑟·哈里斯爵士]] (1947).{{sfn|Harris|2005|p=252}} }}
 
1943年7月18日,開始研製一種的[[高腳櫃炸彈]]開始被研製,最終成為了大滿貫炸彈<ref name=nukeinfo/>。就如同[[高腳櫃炸彈]]一般,大滿貫炸彈的尾鰭會產生[[陀螺儀|用以穩定的旋轉]]<ref>{{harvnb|Constable|2008}}.{{unreliable source|failed=y|date=July 2013}}</ref> 。其殼比起一般常規炸彈也來得厚,因而可以產生承受的貫穿深度。此彈在灌入融化的[[鋁末混合炸藥]]後還需一個月的時間讓炸藥冷卻和凝固。並且由於其低產量以及隨之而來的高單價,空軍被告知在作戰行動終止時,必須攜回未使用的這兩種炸彈,而不是像其他炸彈一般棄置在海中。{{sfn|Flower|2004|p=335}}
 
==來源参考文献==
{{reflist}}
 
==参阅书目==
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite web |author=AAA anonymous |year=2004 |url=http://www.gunnies.pac.com.au/gallery/grand_slam.htm |title=The 'Gate Guards' at RAF Scampton's Main Gate in about 1958 |publisher=Australian Armourers Association |ref=harv |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090918075619/http://www.gunnies.pac.com.au/gallery/grand_slam.htm |archivedate=2009-09-18 |accessdate=6 April 2017 |dead-url=no }}
* {{Cite web |author=RAF staff |date=6 April 2005 |url=http://www.raf.mod.uk/bombercommand/grandslam.html |title=Grand Slam Raids |accessdate=6 April 2017 |ref={{SfnRef|RAF staff|2005a}} |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20070706011932/http://www.raf.mod.uk/bombercommand/grandslam.html |archivedate=2007-07-06 }}
* {{Cite journal |date=30 May 1946 |title=Bombs Versus Concrete |journal=Flight |pages=537–541 |url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1946/1946%20-%201045.html |ref=harv |number=1953 |volume=XLIX |accessdate=6 April 2017 |archive-date=2019-04-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190403204250/https://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1946/1946%20-%201045.html |dead-url=no }}
* {{Cite book |last=Flower |first=Stephen |title=Barnes Wallis’ Bombs |year=2004 |publisher=Tempus |location=Stroud |isbn=0-7524-2987-6 |ref=harv |others=Researched from the original records and interviews with those involved with the development and use of the bombs.}}
* {{Cite web |last=Grube |first=Christel |url=http://www.lostplaces.de/cms/content/view/41/33/ |date=28 February 2006 |title=Submarine-Valentin, Bremen-Farge |work=Interessengemeinschaft für historische Militär-, Industrie- und Verkehrsbauten |language=de |accessdate=6 April 2017 |ref=harv }}{{Dead link}}
* {{Cite book|ref=harv |last=Harris |first=Sir Arthur |year=2005 |orig-year=1947|title=Bomber Offensive |page=252 |publisher=Pen & Sword Military Classics |location=Barnsley |isbn=1-84415-210-3}}
* {{Cite web |last=Kharin |first=D. A. |last2=Kuzmina |first2=I. V. |last3=Danilova |first3=T. I. |date=22 September 1972 |url=http://stinet.dtic.mil/oai/oai?verb=getRecord&metadataPrefix=html&identifier=AD0751247 |title=Ground Vibrations during Camouflet Blasts |work= |accessdate=6 April 2017 |publisher=Foreign Technology Division, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio |ref=harv |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090221131105/http://oai.dtic.mil/oai/oai?verb=getRecord&metadataPrefix=html&identifier=AD0751247 |archivedate=2009-02-21 |dead-url=no }}
* {{cite book |last=Lake |first=Jon |year=2002 |title=Lancaster Squadrons 1944–45 |publisher=Osprey |page=62 |isbn=1-84176-433-7 |ref=harv}}
* {{Cite web |author=RAF staff |date=6 April 2005 |url=http://www.raf.mod.uk/bombercommand/diary.html |title=Bomber Command Campaign Diary |work=Bomber Command 60th Anniversary |ref=harv |archiveurl=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20070706011932/http://www.raf.mod.uk/bombercommand/diary.html |archivedate=2007-07-06 |accessdate=6 April 2017 |dead-url=no }} [http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20070706011932/http://www.raf.mod.uk/bombercommand/mar45.html March] and [http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20070706011932/http://www.raf.mod.uk/bombercommand/apr45.html April]
* {{Cite web |author=RAF staff |date=6 April 2005 |url=http://www.raf.mod.uk/bombercommand/grandslam.html |title=Grand Slam Raids |accessdate=6 April 2017 |ref={{SfnRef|RAF staff|2005a}} |archiveurl=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20070706011932/http://www.raf.mod.uk/bombercommand/grandslam.html |archivedate=2007-07-06 |dead-url=yes }}
* {{Cite web |last=Truman |first=Harry S. (then U.S. President) |authorlink=Harry S. Truman |year=2008 |origyear=1945 |url=http://www.atomicarchive.com/Docs/Hiroshima/PRHiroshima.shtml |date= |title=White House Press Release on Hiroshima: Statement by the President of the United States |work= |accessdate=6 April 2017 |publisher=atomicarchive.com |ref=harv |archive-date=2019-03-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190320191203/http://www.atomicarchive.com/Docs/Hiroshima/PRHiroshima.shtml |dead-url=no }}
{{refend}}
 
{{RAF WWII Strategic Bombing}}
 
[[Category:英國二戰武器]]