海菊蛤屬

海菊蛤屬; 化石時期：Mesozoic至Present PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N
	海菊蛤（S. regius）的外殼
科學分類
界：	動物界 Animalia
門：	軟體動物門 Mollusca
綱：	雙殼綱 Bivalvia
目：	鶯蛤目 Pteriida
科：	海菊蛤科 Spondylidae; Gray, 1826
屬：	海菊蛤屬 Spondylus; Linnaeus, 1758
屬
	見內文

海菊蛤，又稱海菊貝、紅螺、車蠔，是海扇蛤目的其中一科（海菊蛤科；Spondylidae），以及此科下唯一的屬（海菊蛤屬；Spondylus）。海菊蛤的外觀與牡蠣科相似，但其外殼帶有紅色。其殼內之肉可供食用，中國的西沙海域盛產的紅螺，特別鮮味^[1]。海菊蛤物種的型態及分佈範圍差異頗大，但牠們其實與扇貝屬於同一個總科。與牡蠣科物種黏合在岩石上不同，海菊蛤都以足絲來固定。

物種

Pacific thorny oyster, *S. crassisquama* Lamark, 1819, from the Sea of Cortez, Mexico

The interior of two fossil valves of *Spondylus* from the Pliocene of Cyprus

於夏威夷採集的貓舌海菊蛤 *Spondylus linguaefelis* Sowerby, 1847

棘刺海菊蛤 Spondylus aculeatus Schröter, 1788
S. americanus Hermann, 1781 — Atlantic thorny oyster
無棘海菊蛤 Spondylus anacanthus Mawe, 1823 — nude thorny oyster
橘色海菊蛤 Spondylus aurantius Lamarck, 1819
鬚毛海菊蛤 Spondylus barbatus Reeve（英語：Lovell Augustus Reeve）, 1856
巴氏海菊蛤 Spondylus butleri Reeve, 1856
S. calcifer Carpenter, 1857
潔海菊蛤 Spondylus candidus Lamarck,1819
白海菊蛤 Spondylus castus Reeve, 1856
S. clarksoni Limpus, 1992
S. crassisquama Lamarck, 1819 (S. princeps Broderip, 1833) — Pacific thorny oyster
血色海菊蛤 Spondylus cruentus Lischke, 1868
S. cumingii Sowerby, 1847
S. dutempleanus Linnaeus, 1758
S. echinatus Schreibers, 1793
怒發海菊蛤 Spondylus erectospinus Habe,1973
直棘海菊蛤 Spondylus erectospinosus Habe, 1973
S. erinaceus Reeve, 1856
異棘海菊蛤 Spondylus gaederopus Linnaeus, 1758 — European thorny oyster
S. gilvus Reeve, 1856
S. groschi Lamprell & Kilburn, 1995
古氏海菊蛤 Spondylus gussoni (O. G Costa, 1829)
S. hawaiiensis Dall, Bartsch and Rehder, 1938
亥氏海菊蛤 Spondylus heidkeae Lamprell & Healy, 2001
S. hystrix Röding, 1798
S. ictericus Reeve, 1856
S. imbutus Reeve, 1856
堂皇海菊蛤 Spondylus imperialis Chenu, 1843
S. japonicus Kur — Japanese spiny oyster
S. lamarcki Chenu, 1845
S. layardi Reeve, 1856
貓舌海菊蛤 S. linguaefelis

Sowerby, 1847^[2]

S. longitudinalis Lamarck, 1819
S. marisrubri Röding, 1798
S. microlepos Lamarck, 1819
多棘海菊蛤 Spondylus multimuricatus Reeve, 1856
S. multisetosus Reeve, 1856
尼科巴海菊蛤 Spondylus nicobaricus Schreibers, 1793
S. occidens Sowerby, 1903
S. plurispinosus Reeve, 1856
S. powelli Smith, 1892
S. pratii Parth, 1990
猩猩海菊蛤 Spondylus regius Linnaeus, 1758，鶯王海菊蛤
S. sanguineus Dunker, 1852
S. senegalensis Schreibers, 1793
S. setiger Reeve, 1846
中華海菊蛤 Spondylus sinensis Schreibers, 1793
S. smythaea Lamprell, 1998
S. somalicus M. Parth & R. Philippe, 1992
奇海菊蛤 Spondylus spectrum Reeve, 1856
厚殼海菊蛤 Spondylus squamosus Schreibers, 1793
S. tenellus Reeve, 1856
藍巨海菊蛤 S. varius Sowerby,1829
S. variegatus Schreibers, 1793
金黃海菊蛤 Spondylus versicolor Schreibers, 1793
S. vexillum Reeve, 1856
瑞氏海菊蛤 Spondylus wrightianus Crosse, 1872 — Wright's thorny oyster
S. zonalis Lamarck, 1819

A view of the colorful mantle edges of a live thorny oyster from East Timor: The eyes can be seen on the fringe between the mantle and the shell.

參考資料

^ 《舌尖上的中國》
^ 貓舌海菊蛤. 蠔宅. [2018-01-09]. （原始內容存檔於2019-10-15）.

外部連結

Spondylus Session Abstracts on Spondylus research at the 13th Meeting of the European Association of Archaeologists at Zadar, Croatia, September 2007
Information about Spondylus from the website of the Gladys Archerd Shell Collection at Washington State University Tri-Cities Natural History Museum
Article on "notched" Spondylus Neolithic artifacts in Europe

參考書目

A full and constantly updated bibliography （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館） on Spondylus spp. in Aegean, Balkan, European and American contexts

史前歐洲

F. IFANTIDIS/M. NIKOLAIDOU (eds.), 2011.Spondylus in Prehistory: New Data and Approaches. Contributions to the Archaeology of Shell Technologies (Oxford: British Archaeological Reports, Int. Ser. 2216)
P. HALSTEAD, 1993. Spondylus shell ornaments from late Neolithic Dimini, Greece: Specialized manufacture or unequal accumulation? Antiquity 67: 603–609.
Vl. PODBORSKÝ (Hrsg.), 2002. Dvĕpohřebištĕ Neolitického lidu s Lineární Keramikou ve Vedrovicích na Moravĕ (Brno, Masarykovy University Philosophy Faculty Dept. of Archaeology and Museology).
J. RODDEN, 1970. The Spondylus-shell trade and the beginnings of the Vinča culture. In:Actes du VIIe Congres International des Sciences Prehistoriques et Protohistoriques: 411-413 (Praha: Akademia Nauk).
M. L. SÉFÉRIADÈS, 2000. Spondylus gaederopus: Some observations on the earliest European long distance exchange system. In: Hiller, S. and Nikolov, V. (Hrsg.), Karanovo III: Beiträge zum Neolithikum in Südosteuropa (Wien: Phoibos Verlag) 423-437.
M. L. SÉFÉRIADÈS, Spondylus and Long-Distance Trade in Prehistoric Europe In: Anthony, D. W. (ed.), The Lost World of Old Europe: The Danube Valley, 5000-3500 BC. (Princeton) 179-189.
J. SHACKLETON/H. ELDERFIELD, 1993. Strontium isotope dating of the source of Neolithic European Spondylus shell artefacts. Antiquity 64: 312-315.
N. SHACKLETON/C. RENFREW, 1970. Neolithic trade routes realigned by oxygen isotope analyses. Nature 228: 1062-5.
H. TODOROVA, 2000. Die Spondylus-Problematik heute. In: Hiller, S. and Nikolov, V. (Hrsg.), Karanovo III: Beiträge zum Neolithikum in Südosteuropa (Wien, Phoibos Verlag) 415-422.
Sl. VENCL, 1959. Spondylove šperky v podunajskem Neolitů, Archeologicke Rozhledy 9: 699-742.

[1] 《舌尖上的中國》

[2] 貓舌海菊蛤. 蠔宅. [2018-01-09]. （原始內容存檔於2019-10-15）.

[1]

[2]