-n't
外观
英語
[编辑]词源
[编辑]- not 的简略形。
發音
[编辑]后缀
[编辑]
用法说明
[编辑]- 此后缀只能添加在助动词后,如 be。dare 和 need 在某些情况下也适用。某些英语方言中,并非所有助动词都可加此后缀,如:mayn't 仅存在于特定方言中。
- 后缀化可导致词形变化,如 shall + -n't -> shan't; am + -n't -> (通常为) aren't 或 ain't。这三个后缀化的例词都是方言词,可能在其他方言中不为使用。
- 虽然带此后缀的词被认为是原词与副词 not 的组合,从语法学上看却不完全是这样。例如,主谓倒置时,-n't 仍与动词结合为同一词,不同于拆开的 not。
- Isn't that difficult? 那不难吗?
- Is that not difficult? 那还不难吗?
- 语义上看,-n't 后缀化后的语义可能不完全与原语义单纯的对立面(否定)等同。
- 例:I can’t leave.(我不能走)是 I can leave.(我能走)的对立面,
- 但:I shouldn’t leave.(我不该走 -> 我该留下)却比 I should leave(我该走了)的对立面要语义狭窄。同样的现象也见于汉语和英语的其他否定结构中。
派生词
[编辑]- 'tisn't, 'twasn't, 'tweren't, I'ven't, ain't, amn't, an't, aren't, bettern't, can't, couldn't, daren't, dasn't, dassn't, didn't, doesn't, don't, hadn't, hasn't, haven't, he'sn't, isn't, it'sn't, mayn't, mightn't, mustn't, needn't, oughtn't, sha'n't, shalln't, shan't, she'sn't, shouldn't, we'ven't, whyn't, willn't, wo'n't, won't, worn't, wouldn't