Tâi-oân-ōe

Tâi-oân-ōe
	Tâi-gí/Tâi-gú/臺語/臺灣話
Goân-chū kok-ka	Tâi-oân
bú-gí sú-iōng-chiá	13.5 pah-bān (2017)
Gí-hē	Hàn-chōng gí-hē Hàn-gí cho̍k Bân-gí-chi Bân-lâm-gí Ho̍h-ló-ōe Tâi-oân-ōe; ; ; ; ;
Bûn-jī hē-thóng	Pe̍h-ōe-jī/Tâi-lô; Hàn-jī
Koaⁿ-hong tē-ūi
Koaⁿ-hong gí-giân	Tâi-oân
Koán-lí ki-kò͘	Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok Kàu-io̍k-pō͘
Gí-giân tāi-bé
ISO 639-3	–
Glottolog	taib1242 Taibei Hokkien
Linguasphere	79-AAA-jh
	2010 nî Tâi-phêⁿ Kim-má chiàu hêng-chèng-khu chò kài-sòaⁿ kì-lio̍k, tī chhù-nih kóng ê ōe ū pau-koat Ho̍h-ló-ōe ê jîn-kháu pí-lē (hâm kóng chē chióng ōe ·ê, pí-lūn Ho̍h-ló-ōe kiam Hôa-gí).
	Che bûn-chiong pau-hâm IPA hû-hō. Nā-sī bô siong-koan ê jī-hêng chi-oān, lí khó-lêng ē khoàⁿ tio̍h būn-hō, hng-kheng ia̍h-sī khî-thaⁿ hû-hō, bô-hoat-tō͘ chèng-siông hián-sī Unicode jī-goân. Chhiáⁿ lí khoàⁿ Help:IPA.

Tâi-oân-ōe (臺灣話), mā hō-chò Tâi-gí/Tâi-gú, Tâi-oân Tâi-gí/Tâi-gú,Tâi-oân Bân-lâm-gí(gú) (Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok Kàu-io̍k-pō͘ bat chheng-ho͘), sī chú-iàu tī Tâi-oân liû-thong ê chi̍t khoán giân-gí, sī Tâi-oân 60% jîn-kháu thoân-thóng-siōng ê bó-gí. I sǹg sī khoah-khǹg ì-sù ê Hô-ló-ōe tang-tiong chi̍t khoán.

Hō-miâ

Ùi Tâi-oân-ōe pún-sin ê iōng-gí, tùi pún giân-gí ê hō-miâ kî-tiong chi̍t khoán sī Ho̍h-ló-ōe;^[5]^[6] “Ho̍h-ló” chit-ê khài-liām khó-lêng ê gí-goân sī Kńg-tang-hē ê Kheh-lâng ia̍h Kńg-hú-lâng tùi Tiô-chiu téng tha-cho̍k ê chheng-ho͘, ùi Hok-kiàn khah hán lâng chai.^[7]

Tī ha̍k-su̍t-kài it-poaⁿ ê jīn-sek lāi-bīn, Tâi-oân-ōe sǹg Bân-lâm-gí chi̍t chióng, nā chiàu hit khoán lí-lō͘, mā thang ēng Tâi-oân Bân-lâm-gí lâi chí-miâ Tâi-oân-ōe. Chóng-sī Tâi-oân-ōe ēng-chiá pún-sin tī kháu-gí siōng khah hán teh ēng “Bân-lâm-gí” chheng-ho͘ ka-tī teh kóng ê ōe. Lēng-gōa tī chi̍t-kóa tiûⁿ-ha̍p, "Tâi-oân-gí", "Tâi-gí" téng iōng-gí, hō͘-lâng ēng-lâi chí kok-khoán Tâi-oân ê giân-gí chéng-thé.

Tâi-gí ia̍h Bân-lâm-gí tī éng-pái tiāⁿ hông kóng sī Tiong-kok-ōe ê chi̍t khoán hong-giân.^[6] M̄-koh nā khó-lū tio̍h hō͘-siong hui-lí-kái-sèng (mutual unintelligibility), Bân-lâm-gí sī sǹg Hàn gí-cho̍k (Sinitic family; sio̍k Hàn-Chōng gí-hē chi̍t hūn) ē-té ê chi̍t khoán giân-gí.^[8] Nā Bân-lâm-gí kap Tâi-gí ê koan-hē, mā ū ha̍k-chiá chú-tiuⁿ ài khó-lū in-ê chèng-tī pian-kài, kā khòaⁿ chò ná Tek-gí kap Hô-lân-gí ê koan-hē.^[6]

Kin-kì gián-kiù, tōa-pō͘-hūn Tâi-oân Kheh-lâng lia̍h "Tâi-gí" chí "tī Tâi-oân--ê Ho̍h-ló-ōe", chò pà-tō kap bô kong-pêⁿ--ê,^[9] tì-kàu siū tio̍h cheng-gī.

Khí-goân

Kun-kù Âng Ûi-jîn gián-kiù só͘ ōe ê tē-tô͘:
  Khah óa Choân-chiu-ōe ê khiuⁿ-kháu

  Khah óa Chiang-chiu-ōe ê khiuⁿ-kháu

  Choân-Chiang saⁿ-lām ê khiuⁿ-kháu

Kīn-taⁿ Tâi-oân-ōe ê chú-liû khiuⁿ-kháu, chú-iàu sī chi̍t khoán Chiang-choân-lām, ia̍h chiū sī goân-lâi tī Tâi-oân hun-pia̍t liû-thong tī pō͘-hūn tē-hng ê Chiang-chiu-ōe kap Choân-chiu-ōe nn̄g khoán ōe saⁿ-lām liáu-āu sán-seng--ê.^[10] Tû-liáu Chiang-Choân ê lâi-goân, Tiô-chiu-ōe mā chiàm liáu chin chió-hūn ê éng-hióng, Tiô-chiu-hē ê jîn-kûn tī Tâi-oân ē-tàng kóng í-keng pun-sòaⁿ tī chāi-tē Ho̍h-ló-lâng lāi-bīn.^[11]

Kap Hok-kiàn he̍k-chiá sī Lâm-iûⁿ téng kî-tha Bân-lâm-hē giân-gí khah bô kâng ê pō͘-hūn chi it, sī Tâi-oân-ōe khah chē tùi Ji̍t-pún-ōe he̍k-chiá sī keng-kòe Ji̍t-pún-ōe thoân ji̍p ê gōa-lâi-gí,^[12] lēng-gōa ia̍h ū chi̍t kóa chāi-tē Lâm-tó giân-gí ê sêng-hun, kap pō͘-hūn in-ūi Hô-lân^[13] kap Tēⁿ--sī kiam Chheng-kok^[14] thóng-tī téng te̍k-sû le̍k-sú pōe-kéng éng-hióng sán-seng ê sû-lūi kap ho͘-im. Chiàn-āu, Tâi-gí tī gí-im kap Hàn-jī ho͘-im bûn-pe̍h soán-te̍k ê piàn-hòa téng hong-bīn mā siū Hôa-gí éng-hióng.^[15]

Gí-im

Chú-im

Thâu-im
		Siang-tûn-im		Khí-gûn-im		Khí-gûn chhùi-kòa-im		Nńg-chhùi-kòa-im		Siaⁿ-mn̂g-im
		Iú-seng	Bû-seng	Iú-seng	Bû-seng	Iú-seng	Bû-seng	Iú-seng	Bû-seng	Siaⁿ-mn̂g-im
Phīⁿ-im			[m] m		[n] n				[ŋ] ng
That-im	bû-khì	[p] p	[b] b	[t] t				[k] k	[g] g
That-im	iú-khì	[pʰ] ph		[tʰ] th				[kʰ] kh
Sat-chhat-im	bû-khì			[ts] ch,ts	[dz] j	[tɕ] ch(i),ts(i)	[dʑ] j(i)
Sat-chhat-im	iú-khì			[tsʰ] chh,tsh		[tɕʰ] chh(i),tsh(i)
Bôa-chhat-im				[s] s		[ɕ] si				[h] h
Piⁿ-im					[l] l

Bóe-im
	Siang-tûn-im	Khí-gûn-im	Velar	Glottal
Phīⁿ-im	[m] -m	[n] -n	[ŋ] -ng	[◌̃] -ⁿ,-N
Phòa-im	[p̚] -p	[t̚] -t	[k̚] -k	[ʔ] -h

Chi̍h-téng sat-chhat chú-im and bôa-chhat-im ùi /i/ thâu-chêng ē piàn khí-gûn chhùi-kòa-im, ia̍h chiō sī kóng /dzi/, /tsi/, /tsʰi/, kap /si/ hông ho͘ chò [dʑi], [tɕi], [tɕʰi], kap [ɕi].
Chú-im /dz/ ū khó-lêng hông lí-kái chò bôa-chhat-im; ia̍h chiō tōa-hūn tiûⁿ-ha̍p sī hông tòng chò [z], tī /i/ thâu-chêng koh chò [ʑ].
Tī chi̍t kóa chêng-hêng, Iú-siaⁿ phòa-im (/b/ kap /ɡ/) hun-pia̍t piàn bôa-chhat-im ([β] kap [ɣ]).

Bó-im

	Chiân		Tiong-im	Āu-im		Im-chat chú-im
	Oral	Phīⁿ-im	Kháu	Kháu	Phīⁿ	Im-chat chú-im
Ha̍p-im	[i] i	[ĩ] iⁿ		[u] u	[ũ] uⁿ	[m̩] m	[ŋ̍] ng
Pòaⁿ-khui-im	[e] e	[ẽ] eⁿ	[ə], [o] o	[ɔ] o͘	[ɔ̃] oⁿ
Khui-im	[a] a	[ã] aⁿ

Bó-im ⟨o⟩ ū nn̄g khoán ho͘-im. Lâm-pō͘, chhiūⁿ Ko-hiông, Tâi-lâm téng só͘-chāi, chú-iàu ho͘ [ə] im; tī Tâi-pak chú-iàu ho͘ [o].

Chù-kái

Chham-chiàu

Su-chì

Ding, Picus Sizhi (2016). Southern Min Hokkien as a Migrating Language: A Comparative Study of Language Shift and Maintenance Across National Borders (ēng Eng-gí). Springer Singapore. ISBN 978-981-287-594-5.

Chù-kha

↑ Tâi-oân-ōe at Ethnologue (24th ed., 2021)
↑ "Draft national language development act clears legislative floor". focustaiwan.tw.
↑ "立院三讀《國家語言發展法》公廣集團可設台語電視台". ltn.com.tw. 25 December 2018.
↑ "《國家語言發展法》立院三讀！政府得設台語專屬頻道". ltn.com.tw.
↑ Chiúⁿ Ûi-bûn (2015). "Taiwanese or Southern Min? On the Controversy of Ethnolinguistic Names in Taiwan". 台語研究 (ēng Eng-gí). 7 (1).
↑ ^6.0 ^6.1 ^6.2 李勤岸 (2007 nî 5 goe̍h). "沒有名字的語言？「台灣話」、「閩南話」還是Ho̍h-ló話？—找回我們的名字". 台灣文學館通訊 (15).
↑ 洪惟仁 (2007 nî 5 goe̍h). "沒有名字的語言？「台灣話」、「閩南話」還是Ho̍h-ló話？—排除誤解，尋求共識". 台灣文學館通訊 (15).
↑ Ding 2016, Chapter 1. Introduction
↑ 張顯榮 (2009). "重新定義「台語」-客家人對「台語」名稱的態度分析".
↑ 洪惟仁 (2013). "臺灣的語種分佈與區劃". 人文與社會科學簡訊 (ēng Hôa-gí). 14 (2).
↑ Ding 2016, Chapter 4. Taiwan: The Haven for Southern Min?
↑ 張玉萍 (2014). "1930年代台灣歌仔冊內底ê日語借詞". 台語研究. 6 (2).
↑ 邱馨慧 (2013). "從近代初期季風亞洲的荷蘭語學習看臺灣荷蘭時代的殖民地語言現象與遺緒". 臺灣史研究 (ēng Hôa-gí). 20 (1).
↑ 黃秀仍 & 曾春潮 (2006). "明鄭清領時期臺灣閩南語的形成－兼論在臺灣閩南語史分期的定位". 遠東學報 (ēng Hôa-gí). 22 (2).
↑ 李淑鳳 (2010). "台、華語接觸所引起的台語語音的變化趨勢". 台語研究. 2 (1).

Liân-kiat

Holopedia.net ê kū-pán-pún

[1] Tâi-oân-ōe at Ethnologue (24th ed., 2021)

[2] "Draft national language development act clears legislative floor". focustaiwan.tw.

[3] "立院三讀《國家語言發展法》公廣集團可設台語電視台". ltn.com.tw. 25 December 2018.

[4] "《國家語言發展法》立院三讀！政府得設台語專屬頻道". ltn.com.tw.

[5] Chiúⁿ Ûi-bûn (2015). "Taiwanese or Southern Min? On the Controversy of Ethnolinguistic Names in Taiwan". 台語研究 (ēng Eng-gí). 7 (1).

[Li2007-6] 6.0 ^6.1 ^6.2 李勤岸 (2007 nî 5 goe̍h). "沒有名字的語言？「台灣話」、「閩南話」還是Ho̍h-ló話？—找回我們的名字". 台灣文學館通訊 (15).

[7] 洪惟仁 (2007 nî 5 goe̍h). "沒有名字的語言？「台灣話」、「閩南話」還是Ho̍h-ló話？—排除誤解，尋求共識". 台灣文學館通訊 (15).

[Ding2016c1-8] Ding 2016, Chapter 1. Introduction

[9] 張顯榮 (2009). "重新定義「台語」-客家人對「台語」名稱的態度分析".

[10] 洪惟仁 (2013). "臺灣的語種分佈與區劃". 人文與社會科學簡訊 (ēng Hôa-gí). 14 (2).

[Ding2016c4-11] Ding 2016, Chapter 4. Taiwan: The Haven for Southern Min?

[12] 張玉萍 (2014). "1930年代台灣歌仔冊內底ê日語借詞". 台語研究. 6 (2).

[13] 邱馨慧 (2013). "從近代初期季風亞洲的荷蘭語學習看臺灣荷蘭時代的殖民地語言現象與遺緒". 臺灣史研究 (ēng Hôa-gí). 20 (1).

[14] 黃秀仍 & 曾春潮 (2006). "明鄭清領時期臺灣閩南語的形成－兼論在臺灣閩南語史分期的定位". 遠東學報 (ēng Hôa-gí). 22 (2).

[15] 李淑鳳 (2010). "台、華語接觸所引起的台語語音的變化趨勢". 台語研究. 2 (1).

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