sin

Symbol

sin

1. (mathematics) The trigonometric function sine.
2. (international standards) ISO 639-2 & ISO 639-3 language code for Sinhala.

Etymology 1

From Middle English sinne, synne, sunne, zen, from Old English synn (“sin”), from Proto-West Germanic *sunnju, from Proto-Germanic *sunjō (“truth, excuse”) and *sundī, *sundijō (“sin”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁s-ónt-ih₂, from *h₁sónts ("being, true", implying a verdict of "truly guilty" against an accusation or charge), from *h₁es- (“to be”); compare Old English sōþ ("true"; see sooth). Doublet of suttee.

Etymology 2

Modification of shin.

Etymology 3

Anagrams

• INS, Ins, Ins., NIS, NSI, Niš, in's, ins, ins., nis

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈsin/ [ˈsɪn]
• Hyphenation: sin

Pronoun

sín (predicative síini)

1. ye, you

Determiner

sín

1. your (second person plural)

References

• E. M. Parker, R. J. Hayward (1985) “sin”, in An Afar-English-French dictionary (with Grammatical Notes in English), University of London, →ISBN
• Mohamed Hassan Kamil (2015) L’afar: description grammaticale d’une langue couchitique (Djibouti, Erythrée et Ethiopie)‎, Paris: Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (doctoral thesis)

Etymology 1

From Dutch zin, from Middle Dutch sin, from Old Dutch sin, from Proto-West Germanic *sinn.

Etymology 2

Alternative forms

• sinu

Etymology

From Latin sinus. Compare Romanian sân, Spanish seno.

Noun

sin n (plural sinj)

1. breast

Preposition

sin

1. Alternative form of ensin

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic سِين (sīn).

Noun

sin (definite accusative sini, plural sinlər)

1. the Arabic letter س

Etymology

From Latin signum.

Noun

sin m

1. sign

Etymology

From Spanish zinc, from German Zink, related to Zinke (“point, prong”), from Middle High German zinke, from Old High German zinko (“prong, tine”), allied to zint (“a jag, point”), from Proto-Germanic *tindaz (“prong, pinnacle”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃dónts (“tooth, projection”).

Noun

sin

1. zinc
2. galvanized iron sheet

Etymology

Ultimately from Latin signum.

Noun

sin m (plural sînys)

1. sign

Etymology

From Old Norse sínn.

Pronunciation

• Rhymes: -in

Pronoun

sin c (neuter sit, plural sine)

1. (reflexive possessive) third-person sg pronoun, meaning his/her/its (own)

   Han læste sin bog ― He read his (own) book

   Compare: Han læste hans bog ― He read his (somebody else's) book

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

Pronoun

sin

1. accusative of si

See also

More information Singular, Plural ...

		Singular			Plural
		Nominative	Accusative	Possessive	Nominative	Accusative	Possessive
First person		mi	min	mia	ni	nin	nia
Second person	Formal	vi	vin	via	vi	vin	via
	Familiar1	ci	cin	cia
Third person	Masculine	li	lin	lia	ili iŝi3	ilin iŝin3	ilia iŝia3
	Feminine	ŝi	ŝin	ŝia
	Neuter	ĝi	ĝin	ĝia
	Gender-neutral2	ri ŝli	rin ŝlin	ria ŝlia
	Reflexive	si	sin	sia	si	sin	sia
Indefinite		oni	onin	onia	oni	onin	onia
Notes
1 The second person familiar pronouns are archaic. 2 The proposed gender-neutral third-person singular pronouns ri (rin, ria) and ŝli (ŝlin, ŝlia) are not widely used. 3 The proposed third-person feminine plural pronoun iŝi (iŝin, iŝia) is not widely used.

Close

Etymology

Cognates include Gun sìn, Saxwe Gbe ɛsìn, Adja eshi, Ewe esti

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sĩ̀/

Noun

sìn

1. water

References

• Claire Lefebvre, Anne-Marie Brousseau, A Grammar of Fongbe (2002, →ISBN

Alternative forms

• sio, sino

Etymology

Inherited from Vulgar Latin *seum. Doublet of son (possessive determiner).

Pronoun

sin (feminine singular sina, masculine plural sins, feminine plural sines) (ORB, broad)

1. his, her, its (third-person singular possessor)

Etymology 1

Cognates include Fon sìn, Saxwe Gbe ɛsìn, Adja eshi, Ewe esti. Possibly cognate with Nkonya ntsu.

Etymology 2

References

• Aspect and Modality in Kwa Languages (2006, →ISBN)

Etymology

From Arabic سِين (sīn).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sín/
  • (Standard Kano Hausa) IPA^(key): [sɪ́ŋ]

Noun

sin f

1. sin (letter of the Arabic alphabet)

Alternative forms

• sinn (Altenhofen spelling)

Etymology

From Middle High German sein, sīn, from Old High German sīn (“to be”) (with some parts from Proto-Germanic *wesaną (“to be”) and *beuną (“to be, exist, become”)), from Proto-Indo-European *es-, *h₁es- (“to be, exist”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈsin/
• Rhymes: -in
• Syllabification: sin

Verb

sin

1. to be

   Ich sin en Mann.

   I am a man.

   Deer seid zu mied.

   You are too tired.

   Sie denke, dass-se en Hex is.

   They think she's a witch.

   All, wo dart waare, sin gestorreb.

   Everyone who was there died.

2. (auxiliary) forms the perfect tense of most intransitive verbs

   Ich sin fortgang.

   I am gone.

Further reading

• Online Hunsrik Dictionary

Etymology

From Old Norse sin.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sɪːn/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɪːn

Noun

sin f (genitive singular sinar, nominative plural sinar)

1. sinew, tendon

Alternative forms

• san

Etymology

From Middle Irish sin, from Old Irish sin.

Pronunciation

• (Munster, Connacht) IPA^(key): /ʃɪnʲ/
• (Ulster) IPA^(key): /ʃɨ̞nʲ/

Determiner

sin

1. (used with the definite article) that

   an buachaill sin ― that boy

Pronoun

sin

1. that

   Sin é mo dheartháir.

   That is my brother.

   • (Can we date this quote?), “Cad é sin don té sin [What is that to anyone]”‎:

     Ó cad é sin don té sin nach mbaineann sin dó?

     Oh what is that to him whom that doesn't concern?

Mutation

Further reading

• Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “sin”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
• Sjoestedt, M. L. (1931) Phonétique d’un parler irlandais de Kerry [Phonetics of an Irish Dialect of Kerry] (in French), Paris: Librairie Ernest Leroux, page 67

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈsin/
• Rhymes: -in
• Hyphenation: sìn

Preposition

sin

1. Apocopic form of sino

Etymology 1

Cognates include Ìjẹ̀bú Yoruba sẹ́n

Etymology 2

Cognates include Yoruba sín, Olukumi ṣín, Owé Yoruba hín, Ìjẹ̀bú Yoruba sẹ́n, Ifè sɛ̃́

Etymology

From Chinese 身 (MC syin).

Noun

sin 

1. body

Etymology

From Proto-Berber.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sin/

Numeral

sin m (feminine snat)

1. two

References

• Bellahsene, Linda, Hameg, Nadia (2009) “Kabyle numeral system”, in Université Paris 4, CNRS, editor, Numeral Systems of the World's Languages‎, Paris, France

Alternative forms

• hin

Pronunciation

• (Standard Kankanaey) IPA^(key): /ˈsin/ [ˈsi̞n]
  • IPA^(key): (parts of Bauko, Sabangan, & Tadian) /ˈhin/ [ˈhi̞n]
• Rhymes: -in
• Syllabification: sin

Article

sin

1. oblique argument, specifically a common nominal definite marker

References

• Janet L. Allen (2014) Kankanaey: A Role and Reference Grammar Analysis‎ (overall work in English), →ISBN, page 128

Etymology

From Old Spanish sin, from Latin sine.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sin/

Preposition

sin (Hebrew spelling סין)

1. without

Etymology

From sī + nē.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /siːn/, [s̠iːn]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /sin/, [sin]

Conjunction

sīn

1. if however, if on the contrary, but if

   sin aliter/minus/secus ― otherwise, if not

   • Nonne si bene egeris, recipies : sin autem male, statim in foribus peccatum aderit?

     If thou do well, shalt thou not receive? but if ill, shall not sin forthwith be present at the door? (Genesis 4:7, God speaking to Cain)

References

• sin in Enrico Olivetti, editor (2003-2025), Dizionario Latino, Olivetti Media Communication

Pronoun

sin

1. genitive singular of sinā

Noun

sin

1. water

References

• Martius, Beiträge zur Ethnographie und Sprachenkunde Brasiliens, page 155

Etymology

From Old Dutch sin, from Proto-West Germanic *sinn.

Noun

sin m or f

1. direction
2. attention
3. sense, intellect, reason
4. feeling, emotion
5. sense, perception
6. meaning

Further reading

• “sin, sinne (I)”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
• Verwijs, E., Verdam, J. (1885–1929) “sin (I)”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN, page I

Etymology 1

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (before 13^th CE) /ˈs̠iːn/

Etymology 1

Inherited from Old High German sīn. Cognate with Middle Low German sīn.

Etymology 2

Inherited from Old High German sīn.

Alternative forms

• sein

Etymology

From Old Irish sin.

Determiner

sin

1. (used with the definite article) that
   • c. 1000, “The Tale of Mac Da Thó's Pig”, in Ernst Windisch, editor, Irische Texte, volume 1, published 1800, section 1:

     Is í sein int ṡeised bruiden ro·boi i n‑hErind in tan sin […]

     That is one of the six halls that were in Ireland at that time […]

Pronoun

sin

1. that
   • c. 1000, “The Tale of Mac Da Thó's Pig”, in Ernst Windisch, editor, Irische Texte, volume 1, published 1800, section 1:

     Is í sein int ṡeised bruiden ro·boi i n‑hErind in tan sin […]

     That is one of the six halls that were in Ireland at that time […]

Further reading

• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 sin”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Pronunciation

• (originally) IPA^(key): /siːn/

Etymology 1

From Old Saxon sīn.

Etymology 2

From Old Saxon sīn.

Adverb

sin

1. also, too

Etymology

From Proto-Athabaskan *xʸən (“shaman's power, medicine, song”). Related to -YĮĮD (“to be holy”), from Proto-Athabaskan *ɣʸən (“to act as a shaman, to be endowed with supernatural powers”).

Compare Ahtna sen (“spiritual power, medicine”), Koyukon sən (“shaman's spirit”), Gwich'in shan (“shamanism, magic”), Tlingit shí, shī, shi(n) (“sing, song”), Eyak tsį, Dena'ina shen, Galice šan (“song”), Lipan shį̀.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [sɪ̀n]

Noun

sin (possessed form biyiin)

1. song

Determiner

sin

1. (Sylt) his (third-person singular masculine possessive determiner)
2. (Sylt) its (third-person singular neuterpossessive determiner)
3. (Föhr-Amrum, Mooring) feminine/neuter/plural of san (“his, its”, Föhr-Amrum also “her”)

Pronoun

sin (plural (Sylt) sinen)

1. (Sylt) his (third-person singular masculine possessive pronoun)
2. (Sylt) its (third-person singular neuterpossessive pronoun)
3. (Föhr-Amrum) feminine/neuter of san (“his, hers, its”)
4. (Mooring) feminine/neuter/plural of san (“his, its”)

See also

Pronunciation

This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some!

Pronoun

sin

1. accusative/genitive of sii

Etymology

From Old Norse sinn.

Pronunciation

This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some!

Determiner

sin m (feminine si, neuter sitt, plural sine)

1. (reflexive pronoun) her / his / its / their
2. indicating possession; 's, of

   Det var skolen sin bil.

   It was the school's car.

See also

References

• “sin” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Etymology

From Old Norse sinn.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sɪnː/
• Homophone: sinn

Determiner

sin (masculine sin, feminine si, neuter sitt, plural sine)

1. (reflexive pronoun) her/his/its/their
2. indicating possession; 's, of

   Det var skulen sin bil.

   It was the school’s car.

References

• “sin” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *sīn.

Determiner

sīn

1. his, its, hers

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *sīn (“his, her, its, their”, genitive reflexive).

Cognate with Old Frisian sīn (“his, its”), Old Saxon sīn (“his”) (Middle Low German sin), Dutch zijn, Old High German sīn (“his”) (German sein), Old Norse sínn (“one's own”), Old English sē (“that, that one, he”). More at the.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /siːn/

Pronoun

sīn

1. (rare, chiefly dialectal, reflexive possessive pronoun) his; her; its; their
   • him ġewāt Hrōþgār tō hofe sīnum ― For him Hrothgar went to his courtyard
   • þæt wīf tredeð mid sīnum fōtum ― The woman walks with her feet
   • þeċ heriað Israhēla, herran sīnne ― Israel plunders you, their lord
   • Bær sēo brimwylf hringa þengel tō hofe sīnum ― The sea-wolf carried the Prince of Rings to her lair

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *sīn (“his, her, its, their”, genitive reflexive).

Cognate with Old English sīn (“his, her, its, their”), Old Saxon sīn (“his”) (Middle Low German sin), Dutch zijn, Old High German sīn (“his”) (German sein), Old Norse sínn (“one's own”), Old English sē (“that, that one, he”).