sen

Etymology 1

From Old Galician-Portuguese sen, from Latin sine.

Etymology 2

From Old Galician-Portuguese sem; either from a substrate language, or more likely from Old Occitan sen (“judgement”) and ultimately from Proto-West Germanic *sinn (“sense, mind”) (cf. Vulgar Latin *sennus).^[1]

Etymology 3

Unknown.

References

• Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “sem”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “sem”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: ILG
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “sen”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “sen”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “sen”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN

Etymology

Borrowed from Esperanto sen, French sans, Italian senza, Spanish sin, ultimately from Latin sine.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sen/

Preposition

sen

1. without (not having)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈsɛn]
• Hyphenation: sèn

Etymology 1

From Dutch cent, from Old French cent (“hundred”), from Latin centum, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱm̥tóm.

Etymology 2

Further reading

• “sen” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

Etymology 1

From Proto-Finnic *se-. Compare Finnish mitä ... sen.

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

References

• V. I. Junus (1936) Iƶoran Keelen Grammatikka‎, Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 99
• Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 514

Etymology 1

Etymology 2

References

Romanization

sen

1. Rōmaji transcription of せん

Etymology

Borrowed from Burmese သိန်း (sin:).

Noun

sen

1. hundred thousand

References

• Kurabe, Keita (2016 December 31) “Phonology of Burmese loanwords in Jinghpaw”, in Kyoto University Linguistic Research‎, volume 35, →DOI, →ISSN, pages 91–128

Etymology

From Portuguese cem.

Numeral

sen

1. hundred (100)

Alternative forms

• sien

Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *sen.

Pronoun

sen

1. you, thou

References

• N. A. Baskakov, S.M. Šapšala, editor (1973), “sen”, in Karaimsko-Russko-Polʹskij Slovarʹ [Karaim-Russian-Polish Dictionary], Moscow: Moskva, →ISBN

Etymology

Borrowed from a Southeastern Asian language. Compare Burmese သိန်း (sin:) and Thai แสน (sɛ̌ɛn).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sen/

Numeral

sen

1. hundred thousand (100,000)

References

• Hkaw Luk (2017) A grammatical sketch of Lacid‎, Chiang Mai: Payap University (master thesis)

Adverb

sen

1. long ago, for a long time; adverbial form of sens

   tas noticis sen ― it happened long ago

   viņš jau sen dzīvo Rīgā ― he has lived in Riga for a long time

Etymology

Inherited from French cent (“hundred”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sɑ̃/
• Rhymes: -ɑ̃

Numeral

sen

1. hundred

Alternative forms

• سين

Etymology

From English cent, from Old French cent (“hundred”), from Latin centum, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱm̥tóm.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sɛn/
• Hyphenation: sèn

Noun

sen (Jawi spelling سين, plural sen-sen, informal 1st possessive senku, 2nd possessive senmu, 3rd possessive sennya)

1. cent

Further reading

• “sen” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.

Romanization

sen

1. Nonstandard spelling of sēn.
2. Nonstandard spelling of sěn.

Etymology

From Proto-Kuki-Chin *shan, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *t(y)a-n ~ tsa-n.

Adjective

sen

1. red

References

• Matu (Chin) Dictionary by Ropna Saruum, Matupi 2007

Verb

sen

1. inflection of wiis:
   1. first/third-person singular present
   2. plural present

Alternative forms

• sein

Etymology

From Old Norse seinn.

Adjective

sen (neuter singular sent, definite singular and plural sene, comparative senere, indefinite superlative senest, definite superlative seneste)

1. late

References

• “sen” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
• “sen” in Det Norske Akademis ordbok (NAOB).

Anagrams

• ens, nes

Etymology 1

From Old Norse sin, sina, from Proto-Germanic *senawō, from Proto-Indo-European *snḗh₁wr̥ (“sinew, tendon”).

Etymology 2

From Japanese 銭.

References

• “sen” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Anagrams

• ens, nes

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (13^th CE) /ˈsɛn/
• IPA^(key): (15^th CE) /ˈsɛn/

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *sъ̀nъ.

Etymology 2

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *sь.

Further reading

• Jan Gebauer (1903–1916) “sen”, in Slovník staročeský (in Czech), Prague: Česká grafická společnost "unie", Česká akademie císaře Františka Josefa pro vědy, slovesnost a umění

Noun

sen oblique singular, m (oblique plural sens, nominative singular sens, nominative plural sen)

1. Alternative form of sens

Etymology

Inherited from Latin sine (“without”).

Preposition

sen

1. without

References

• Manuel Ferreiro (2014–2024) “sen”, in Universo Cantigas. Edición crítica da poesía medieval galego-portuguesa (in Galician), A Coruña: UDC, →ISSN

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *senos, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *sénos.

Adjective

sen (comparative siniu, superlative sinem)

1. old
2. ancient
   • c. 845, St Gall Glosses on Priscian, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1975, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. II, pp. 49–224, Sg. 9^a22 (Wikisource link)

     Cía for·comam-ni ríagoil sen-Gréc hi scríbunt in dá caractar isnaib ɔsonaib ucut, ro·cruthaigsemmar camaiph immurgu óen charactar – ·f· tar hési ·p· co tinfeth – i n‑epertaib Latinṅdaib.

     Although we preserve the rule of the ancient Greeks in writing the two charac­ters in those conso­nants, we have, however, formed one character – f instead of p with lenition – in Latin words.

Mutation

Further reading

• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “sen”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Etymology

From Vulgar Latin *sennus, of Germanic origin, from Frankish *sinn.

Noun

sen m (oblique plural sens, nominative singular sens, nominative plural sen)

1. direction; orientation
2. sense; ability to reason

References

• Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “sinnō-”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, volumes 17: Germanismes: S–Z, page 71

Alternative forms

• sēn, sen- (prefix)

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *san. Cognate to Lithuanian su, Latvian sa-, Russian с (s).^[1]

Preposition

sen

1. (with dative and accusative) with, together with
   • 1561, Martin Luther, translated by Abel Will & Paul Megott, Stas Likuts Catechismus [The Small Catechism], →OCLC, page 79, line 19:

     twais ſwints Engels baūſei ſen māim

     may your holy Angel be with me

References

Verb

sen

1. second-person plural present subjunctive of vara

Etymology

Inherited from Old Polish sen. Doublet of Hypnos.

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɛn
• Syllabification: sen

Noun

sen m inan (related adjective senny or (rare) snowy)

1. sleep (state of reduced consciousness)

   Synonym: kima

2. dream (imaginary events seen while sleeping)

   Synonyms: mara, senne marzenie

3. (figurative) dream (hope or wish)

   Synonyms: marzenie, rojenie

Further reading

• sen in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• sen in Polish dictionaries at PWN
• Dr Nadmorski (Józef Łęgowski) (1889) “sen”, in “Spis wyrazów właściwych gwarze malborskiej i kociewskiej”, in Wisła. Miesięcznik Geograficzno-Etnograficzny (in Polish), volume 3 z.4, page 747

Verb

sen

1. second-person plural or formal singular present indicative of si

Etymology

Borrowed from French sen.

Noun

sen m (plural seni)

1. sen (Japanese currency)

Alternative forms

• si (Rumantsch Grischun, Sursilvan)
• se (Sutsilvan, Surmiran)
• sü (Puter, Vallader)

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Adverb

sen

1. (Sutsilvan, Surmiran) up, upward, upwards

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *sъ̀nъ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈsɛn/

Noun

sen m inan (genitive singular sna, nominative plural sny, genitive plural snov, declension pattern of dub)

1. dream

Further reading

• “sen”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2024

Etymology 1

Etymology 2

From Japanese 銭.

Etymology 3

Abbreviation of seno (“sine”).

Further reading

• “sen”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10

Etymology 1

From Old Norse seinn (“late”).

Etymology 2

Syncopic form of sedan, from Old Swedish siþan, from Old Norse síðan.

References

• sen in Svensk ordbok (SO)
• sen in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
• sen in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)

Anagrams

• ens, sne

Etymology 1

From English chain.

Etymology 2

From English cent.

Etymology

From Ottoman Turkish سن (sen, “thou”), from Proto-Turkic *sen (“thou”). Cognate to siz (“you”) derived from the same root. Compare Old Turkic 𐰾𐰤 (sen, “you”), Karakhanid سَنْ (sen, “you”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sen/, [sæn]

• Audio:

  (file)

Pronoun

sen

1. you (singular, informal), thou

See also

Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *sen (“thou”).

Pronoun

sen

1. (personal) you (singular, informal)

Noun

sen

1. Latin (ULY) transcription of سەن (sen)

Pronunciation

• (Hà Nội) IPA^(key): [sɛn˧˧]
• (Huế) IPA^(key): [ʂɛŋ˧˧] ~ [sɛŋ˧˧]
• (Saigon) IPA^(key): [ʂɛŋ˧˧] ~ [sɛŋ˧˧]

Etymology 1

From Old Chinese 蓮 (OC *k.[r]ˤe[n]) (B-S) (SV: liên).

Compare the village name Kim Liên 金蓮 (MC kim len), whose demotic name (tên Nôm) is Sen.

Etymology 2

Possibly from French jeune servante (“young maidservant”). Attested since 19th century.^[1]

Etymology 3

From Etymology 2, with owners of cats and dogs perceived humorously as servants to their pets.^[2]

References

Pronunciation

• Rhymes: -ɛn

Verb

sen (not mutable)

1. Contraction of basen.