ná

See also: Appendix:Variations of "na"

For pronunciation and definitions of ná – see 哪 (“which; what; any; etc.”). (This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 哪).

Etymology

From Old Norse ná.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /nauː/
Rhymes: -auː

Verb

ná

to reach (a place) [with dative]
to get, catch, apprehend (a physical object) [with dative]
to reach, attain (a goal) [with dative]
Ég mun ná heimsyfirráðum!
I will attain world domination!

Conjugation

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Derived terms

Anagrams

án

Pronunciation

(Munster, Connacht) IPA^(key): /n̪ˠɑː/
(Ulster) IPA^(key): /n̪ˠa(ː)/

Etymology 1

From Old Irish ná (“don't”, prohibitive particle).

Particle

ná

don’t (particle used to introduce a negative imperative; triggers h-prothesis of a following vowel)
Ná déan sin.
Don’t do that.

Ná habair é.
Don’t mention it.
may...not (particle used with raibh, the present subjunctive of bí, to introduce a negative wish)
Dealbh ná raibh tú.
May you never be destitute.
(Munster) Alternative form of nach (“not”) (in questions; triggers h-prothesis; used with the dependent form of an irregular verb if there is one)
Ná fuil ocras ort?
Are you not hungry?

Chonac í, ná facas?
I saw her, didn’t I?

Conjunction

ná (triggers h-prothesis, used with the dependent form of an irregular verb if there is one)

(Munster) Alternative form of nach (“that...not”)
Dúirt sé ná raibh carr aige.
He said that he didn’t have a car.

Etymology 2

From Old Irish ná (“nor”)

Conjunction

ná

nor
Níl deartháir ná deirfiúr agam.
I have neither brother nor sister.
used between two identical or similar words to intensify a negative
Ní fhaca sí solas ná solas.
She saw no light whatsoever.
(literally, “She didn’t see light or light).”)

Etymology 3

From Old Irish indás (“than (it) is”).

Alternative forms

ioná (archaic)
'ná (superseded)

Conjunction

ná (triggers h-prothesis)

than
Is airde Máire ná Peadar.
Mary is taller than Peter.
but (used rhetorically in direct and indirect questions)
Cé a bhí ina shuí ann ná m’athair féin?
Who was sitting there but my own father?
used to connect a predicate noun to its subject in a cleft sentence introduced by a copular form
Is é a dúirt sé ná gur dhíol sé a ríomhaire lena chara.
What he said was that he sold his computer to his friend.
- 1907, Peadar Ua Laoghaire, Séadna, page 6:
  Bhí fear ann fad ó agus isé ainim a bhí air ’ná Séadna.
  Once upon a time there was a man and the name that he had was Séadna.

Derived terms

ná go, ná gur (“but that”)

Etymology

Related to nang.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /na/

Pronoun

ná

thy, your (singular)

Synonyms

né

References

Hkaw Luk (2017) A grammatical sketch of Lacid‎, Chiang Mai: Payap University (master thesis)

Alternative forms

na — nonstandard

Pronunciation

Audio: (file)

Romanization

ná (na², Zhuyin ㄋㄚˊ)

Hanyu Pinyin reading of 嗱
Hanyu Pinyin reading of 拏 / 拿
Hanyu Pinyin reading of 拿
Hanyu Pinyin reading of 挏
Hanyu Pinyin reading of 訣 / 诀
Hanyu Pinyin reading of 誽 / 𰵵
Hanyu Pinyin reading of 鎿 / 镎
Hanyu Pinyin reading of 镎

Postposition

ná

for you, for your sake
in your favor
ná yáʼátʼééh ― it is good for you

ná áshłééh ― I’m making it for you

Inflection

More information singular, duoplural ...

	singular	duoplural
1st person	shá	nihá
2nd person	ná	nihá
3rd person	bá
4th person (3o)	yá
4th person (3a)	há
4th person (3i)	á	—
reflexive	ádá	—
reciprocal	—	ahá

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Navajo postpositions

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

(Kautokeino) IPA^(key): /ˈnaː/

Adverb

ná

so, thus, in this way

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /n͈aː/

Etymology 1

Uncertain. According to Matasović originally short /na/, from Proto-Celtic *ne, from Proto-Indo-European *ne (“not”).^[1] According to Dunkel from Proto-Celtic *nā, from Proto-Indo-European *nó-h₁, from *ne + adverbial suffix *-h₁. In Old Irish the expected outcome would be *nú in a final syllable. The variant with á would adopted from originally disyllabic forms like nád (relative) and nách (before infixed pronoun).^[2]

Particle

ná (triggers /h/-prothesis)

don’t, let…not (particle used to introduce a negative imperative)
- c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 22^b26
  Ná bíth i cobadlus doïb, ar atá torad la gnímu soilse .i. praemia aeterna ní ḟil immurgu acht infructuosa.
  Do not be in fellowship with them, for there is fruit with works of light, i.e. praemia aeterna. There is nothing [with works of darkness], however, save infructuosa.
- c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 25^c6
  Hóre ammi maicc laí et soilse, ná seichem nahísiu.
  Since we are children of day and light, let us not follow these things.
- c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 55^a1
  Ná déne ainmnit.
  Do not show patience.
  (literally, “Do not do patience.”)

Alternative forms

na
nách, nach (before an infixed pronoun)

Descendants

Middle Irish: ná
- Irish: ná

Etymology 2

Maybe from Proto-Celtic *nāwe (“or not”), from Proto-Indo-European *nó-h₁ (“not”) + *-we (“or”). Compare nó (“or”).

Conjunction

ná (triggers /h/-prothesis)

(chiefly in the negative) or, nor

Quotations

c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 49^d3
.i. ní frithalim-se rucai ná mmebuil dam hisa suithin, ma fris·accar hi t’ainm-siu, a Dǽ
i.e. I expect neither shame nor disgrace to me for ever, if I hope in Your name, O God.

Alternative forms

na

Descendants

Middle Irish: ná
- Irish: ná

References

[1]
Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*ne, *ni, *nī”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 286
[2]
Dunkel, George E. (2014) “2.*nó-h₁ ‘nicht’”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme [Lexicon of Indo-European Particles and Pronominal Stems] (Indogermanische Bibliothek. 2. Reihe: Wörterbücher) (in German), volume 2: Lexikon, Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter GmbH Heidelberg, →ISBN, page 531

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *nēhwāną, related to (or derived from) Proto-Germanic *nēhwaz (“near”). Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂neḱ- (“to reach”).

Verb

ná (singular past indicative náði, plural past indicative náðu, past participle nát)

(transitive, with dative) to get hold of, reach, overtake
to get, obtain
(with infinitive) to be able to, to be allowed to

Conjugation

More information infinitive, present participle ...

indicative	present	past
infinitive	ná
present participle	nándi, náandi
past participle	náðr
1st-person singular	nái	náða
2nd-person singular	náir	náðir
3rd-person singular	náir	náði
1st-person plural	nám	náðum
2nd-person plural	náið	náðuð
3rd-person plural	ná	náðu
subjunctive	present	past
1st-person singular	ná	næða
2nd-person singular	náir	næðir
3rd-person singular	nái	næði
1st-person plural	náim	næðim
2nd-person plural	náið	næðið
3rd-person plural	nái	næði
imperative	present
2nd-person singular	ná
1st-person plural	nám
2nd-person plural	náið

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Conjugation of ná — active (weak class 3)

More information infinitive, present participle ...

indicative	present	past
infinitive	násk
present participle	nándisk, náandisk
past participle	názk
1st-person singular	námk	náðumk
2nd-person singular	náisk	náðisk
3rd-person singular	náisk	náðisk
1st-person plural	námsk	náðumsk
2nd-person plural	náizk	náðuzk
3rd-person plural	násk	náðusk
subjunctive	present	past
1st-person singular	námk	næðumk
2nd-person singular	náisk	næðisk
3rd-person singular	náisk	næðisk
1st-person plural	náimsk	næðimsk
2nd-person plural	náizk	næðizk
3rd-person plural	náisk	næðisk
imperative	present
2nd-person singular	násk
1st-person plural	námsk
2nd-person plural	náizk

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Conjugation of ná — mediopassive (weak class 3)

Related terms

gnógr
nær

Descendants

Icelandic: ná
Norwegian:
- Norwegian Bokmål: nå
- Norwegian Nynorsk: nå
Swedish: nå
Danish: nå

References

ná in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, G. T. Zoëga, Clarendon Press, 1910, at Internet Archive.

Interjection

ná

Eye dialect spelling of não.

Particle

ná

polar interrogative particle
Móe ing a mè mangmang me pi ná?
Do you want to eat fish?

References

Donohue, Mark. A Grammar of the Skou Language of New Guinea (2004).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈna/ [ˈna]
Rhymes: -a
Syllabification: ná

Pronoun

ná

(informal) Apocopic form of nada
no pasa ná ― nothing happens

Pronunciation

(Thạch An – Tràng Định) IPA^(key): [naː˧˥]

(Trùng Khánh) IPA^(key): [naː˦]

Etymology 1

Adverb

ná

not (negates meaning of verb)
ná chin ― not eat

ná chắc ― not know

slon lụ ná ― study or not

Etymology 2

Adjective

ná

brassy; obstinate
ná dú rườn hâu ― to stay at their house

Verb

ná

to be blocked
Slủng ná đạn.
The gun was clogged.

References

Hoàng Văn Ma, Lục Văn Pảo, Hoàng Chí (2006) Từ điển Tày-Nùng-Việt [Tay-Nung-Vietnamese dictionary] (in Vietnamese), Hanoi: Nhà xuất bản Từ điển Bách khoa Hà Nội
Lương Bèn (2011) Từ điển Tày-Việt [Tay-Vietnamese dictionary]‎ (in Vietnamese), Thái Nguyên: Nhà Xuất bản Đại học Thái Nguyên
Lục Văn Pảo, Hoàng Tuấn Nam (2003) Hoàng Triều Ân, editor, Từ điển chữ Nôm Tày [A Dictionary of (chữ) Nôm Tày]‎ (in Vietnamese), Hanoi: Nhà xuất bản Khoa học Xã hội

Etymology

From Proto-Vietic *s-naːʔ (“crossbow”), from Proto-Mon-Khmer *snaʔ (“crossbow”). Cognate with Thavung ซะน่า, Khmer ស្នា (snaa), Koho söna. Doublet of nỏ.

Pain (2020) tentatively considered this to be a Chinese loan, from 弩 (OC *C.nˤaʔ) (B-S) (SV: nỗ), into Austroasiatic and Tai languages, likely through proto-Vietic.^[1]

Pronunciation

(Hà Nội) IPA^(key): [naː˧˦]
(Huế) IPA^(key): [naː˨˩˦]
(Saigon) IPA^(key): [naː˦˥]

Noun

(classifier cái, chiếc) ná • (弩, 𫸶, 梛, 󲈦, 那)

(dialectal) Synonym of nỏ (“crossbow”)
slingshot

References

[1]
Pain, Frederic. "”Giao Chỉ” (”Jiāozhǐ” 交趾) as a diffusion center of Chinese diachronic changes: syllabic weight contrast and phonologisation of its phonetic correlates".

Anagrams

án

[1] [1]
Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*ne, *ni, *nī”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 286

[2] [2]
Dunkel, George E. (2014) “2.*nó-h₁ ‘nicht’”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme [Lexicon of Indo-European Particles and Pronominal Stems] (Indogermanische Bibliothek. 2. Reihe: Wörterbücher) (in German), volume 2: Lexikon, Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter GmbH Heidelberg, →ISBN, page 531

[3] [1]
Pain, Frederic. "”Giao Chỉ” (”Jiāozhǐ” 交趾) as a diffusion center of Chinese diachronic changes: syllabic weight contrast and phonologisation of its phonetic correlates".

[1]

[2]

[1]

Etymology

Pronunciation

Verb

Conjugation

Derived terms

Anagrams

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Particle

Conjunction

Etymology 2

Conjunction

Etymology 3

Alternative forms

Conjunction

Derived terms

Further reading

Etymology

Pronunciation

Pronoun

Synonyms

References

Alternative forms

Pronunciation

Romanization

Postposition

Inflection

Etymology

Pronunciation

Adverb

Further reading

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Particle

Alternative forms

Descendants

Further reading

Etymology 2

Conjunction

Quotations

Alternative forms

Descendants

Further reading

References

Etymology

Verb

Conjugation

Related terms

Descendants

References

Interjection

Particle

References

Pronunciation

Pronoun

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Adverb

Etymology 2

Adjective

Verb

References

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

References

Anagrams

Hokkien

Icelandic

Irish

Lashi

Mandarin

Navajo

Northern Sami

Old Irish

Old Norse

Portuguese

Skou

Spanish

Tày