k-

See also: Appendix:Variations of "k"

Prefix

k-

(SI prefix) Abbreviation of kilo-.

Etymology

Uncertain. Perhaps from OK, in phrases like OK, cool; perhaps from the K prefix for kilo-, as in kilobyte.

Prefix

k-

(BBS and Internet slang, dated) Used as an intensifier.
- 1994, Dave!, “Mind Warp! Volume #02 Release Info...”, in alt.zines (Usenet):
  We have been heavily influenced by, and use the same 'zine format' as cDc and uXu. And if you think we're ripping them off.. you damn skippy! They're excellent texts and I wish to be as k-cool as them. :)
- 1994?, "Rabid Rasta", The Real Pirate's Guide (reposted anonymously on newsgroup alt.2600, 14 August 1994)
  Corollary: Real pirates don't keep score.
  Real pirates don't say "K-K00L", "K-AWESOME", "X10DER", "L8R0N", or anything of the sort.
  Real pirates know the difference between "f" and "ph" (i.e. "philes", "phuck", "fone", etc.).
- 1996, Jerod Pore, “k-rad warez d00d hits alt.binaries.zines - AGAIN”, in nwes.admin.net-abuse.misc (Usenet):
  My least favorite k-rad warez d00d […] has once again plastered alt.binaries.zines with millions of bytes of pirated software using a forged address at penet.
- 1996, rj, “quake crack”, in alt.games.quake (Usenet):
  Oooo.... what use of sarcasm, I bow down to you almighty one. What really was the point of your 'post'. To defend your K-Rad Warez pals? You k-rad warez puppies are something else. Now run along and download the latest k-rad game and of course never use it, just be k00l and say you got it 0 hour.

Derived terms

k-rad

References

Eric S. Raymond (1991) The New Hacker's Dictionary

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Alternative forms

kë-

Etymology

From Proto-Albanian *ka-, from Proto-Indo-European *ko- ^[1]

Prefix

k-

to-

Derived terms

Albanian terms prefixed with k-

References

[1]
Schumacher, S. & Matzinger, J. Die verben des altabanischen Belegwörterbuch, Vorgeschichte und etymologie unter mitarbeit von Anna-Maria Adaktylos. 2013. Harrassowiz Vergal. Wiesbaden

Alternative forms

g- (before vowels and y)

Prefix

k-

first person agent pronominal prefix; I

References

Marianne Mithun, Reginald Henry (1982) Wadęwayę́stanih - A Cayuga Teaching Grammar, 3rd edition, Woodland Cultural Centre, published 2015, page 54

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /k/

Adjective

k-

(before a vowel) Alternative form of kí

Etymology

Inherited from Old Javanese ka-, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ka-.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ka/, /kə/

Prefix

k-

passive verb-forming prefix
1. generally for ꦏ- (ka-), from verbal base
2. generally for ꦏ- (ka-), from nominal or verbal base, with related tools
3. generally for ꦏꦼ- (ke-), intransitive passive verb-forming prefix

Alternative forms

ꦏ- (ka-)
ꦏꦼ- (ke-)

Derived terms

Javanese terms prefixed with k-

Javanese terms prefixed with ꦏ-

Javanese terms prefixed with ꦏꦼ-

Prefix

k-

first person agent pronominal prefix; I

Alternative forms

More information -, Initial consonant ...

-	Initial consonant
Environment	t/s/h/k	n/r/w/’	a	e/en	o/on	i	y
Word-Initial	k-	ke-	k-	k-	k-	k-	t-

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References

Gunther Michelson (1973) A thousand words of Mohawk, University of Ottawa Press, page 9

Prefix

k-

first person agent pronominal prefix; I

References

Floyd Lounsbury (1953) Oneida Verb Morphology, Yale University Press, pages 59-60

Etymology 1

Alternative forms

kü-, ku-, ki- (allomorphs)

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [k-]

Prefix

k-

Marks a noun as having a first-person-dual-inclusive possessor.
Marks a postposition as having a first-person-dual-inclusive object.
Marks a transitive verb as having a first-person-dual-inclusive patient/object when the agent/subject is of third person with verb forms that take series I markers.
Marks a transitive verb as having a first-person-dual-inclusive patient/object when the agent/subject is unspecified with verb forms that take series II markers.
Marks a transitive verb as having a second-person agent/subject and a first-person or first-person-dual-exclusive patient/object.
Marks an intransitive verb with agent- or patient-like argument as having a first-person-dual-inclusive argument/subject, regardless of whether the verb form takes series I or series II markers.
Marks a verb form derived with n- and -dü or -'jüdü as having a first-person-dual-inclusive agent/subject.

Usage notes

The form taken by this prefix depends on the first syllable of the stem it attaches to:

k- if the first syllable begins with a vowel.
kü- if the first syllable begins with a consonant and its vowel is anything but u or i.
ku- if the first syllable begins with a consonant and its vowel is u.
ki- if the first syllable begins with a consonant and its vowel is i.

The various different transitive verbal uses of this prefix can be roughly summarized as “I am being acted on, and you are somehow involved (whether as subject or co-object).”

Inflection

More information pronoun, noun possessor/ series II verb argument ...

	pronoun	noun possessor/ series II verb argument		postposition object		series I verb argument
	pronoun	noun possessor/ series II verb argument		postposition object		transitive patient	intransitive patient-like		intransitive agent-like	transitive agent
first person	ewü	y-, ∅-, ü-, u-¹						w-, wi-
first person dual inclusive	küwü	k-, kü-, ku-, ki-								k-, kii-, ki-¹
second person	amödö	ö-, öy-/ödh-, o-, oy-/odh-, a-, ay-/adh-							m-, mi-
first person dual exclusive	nña	y-/dh-, ch-, ∅-, i-¹			chö-	∅-	n-, ni-
third person	tüwü	y-/dh-, ch-, ∅-, i-¹			chö-	n-, ni-	n-, ni-
distant past third person	tüwü	—				kün-, kun-, kin-, ken-, küm-, kum-, kim-, kini-
coreferential/reflexive	—	t-, tü-, tu-, ti-, te-				—
reciprocal	—	—	öö-
With following vowel lengthened if in an unreduced open syllable.

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More information series I verb argument: transitive agent and transitive patient, first person > second person ...

	series I verb argument: transitive agent and transitive patient
first person > second person	mön-, man-, mon-, möm-, möni-
first person dual exclusive > second person	mön-, man-, mon-, möm-, möni-
second person > first person	k-, kü-, ku-, ki-
second person > first person dual exclusive	k-, kü-, ku-, ki-
third person > any person X …or… any person X > third person	see person X in the chart above

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Ye'kwana personal markers

Etymology 2

Alternative forms

kii-, ki- (allomorphs)

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [k-]

Prefix

k-

Marks a transitive verb as having a first-person-dual-inclusive agent/subject.

Usage notes

The form taken by this prefix depends on the first syllable of the stem it attaches to:

k- if the first syllable begins with a vowel. In addition, if the first syllable is an open syllable, then its vowel is lengthened.
kii- if the first syllable begins with a consonant.
ki- if the first syllable begins with two consonants, e.g. as a result of syllable reduction.

In the latter two cases the initial consonant is also palatalized if possible.

Inflection

More information pronoun, noun possessor/ series II verb argument ...

	pronoun	noun possessor/ series II verb argument		postposition object		series I verb argument
	pronoun	noun possessor/ series II verb argument		postposition object		transitive patient	intransitive patient-like		intransitive agent-like	transitive agent
first person	ewü	y-, ∅-, ü-, u-¹						w-, wi-
first person dual inclusive	küwü	k-, kü-, ku-, ki-								k-, kii-, ki-¹
second person	amödö	ö-, öy-/ödh-, o-, oy-/odh-, a-, ay-/adh-							m-, mi-
first person dual exclusive	nña	y-/dh-, ch-, ∅-, i-¹			chö-	∅-	n-, ni-
third person	tüwü	y-/dh-, ch-, ∅-, i-¹			chö-	n-, ni-	n-, ni-
distant past third person	tüwü	—				kün-, kun-, kin-, ken-, küm-, kum-, kim-, kini-
coreferential/reflexive	—	t-, tü-, tu-, ti-, te-				—
reciprocal	—	—	öö-
With following vowel lengthened if in an unreduced open syllable.

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More information series I verb argument: transitive agent and transitive patient, first person > second person ...

	series I verb argument: transitive agent and transitive patient
first person > second person	mön-, man-, mon-, möm-, möni-
first person dual exclusive > second person	mön-, man-, mon-, möm-, möni-
second person > first person	k-, kü-, ku-, ki-
second person > first person dual exclusive	k-, kü-, ku-, ki-
third person > any person X …or… any person X > third person	see person X in the chart above

Close

Ye'kwana personal markers

References

Cáceres, Natalia (2011) Grammaire Fonctionnelle-Typologique du Ye’kwana‎, Lyon, pages 171–172, 181–182, 189–190, 194–195

[1] [1]
Schumacher, S. & Matzinger, J. Die verben des altabanischen Belegwörterbuch, Vorgeschichte und etymologie unter mitarbeit von Anna-Maria Adaktylos. 2013. Harrassowiz Vergal. Wiesbaden

[1]

Prefix

Etymology

Prefix

Derived terms

See also

References

Alternative forms

Etymology

Prefix

Derived terms

References

Alternative forms

Prefix

References

Pronunciation

Adjective

Etymology

Pronunciation

Prefix

Alternative forms

Derived terms

Prefix

Alternative forms

References

Prefix

References

Etymology 1

Alternative forms

Pronunciation

Prefix

Usage notes

Inflection

Etymology 2

Alternative forms

Pronunciation

Prefix

Usage notes

Inflection

References

Translingual

English

Albanian

Cayuga

Emilian

Javanese

Mohawk

Oneida

Ye'kwana