karš

Alternative forms

• (obsolete spelling) kaŗš

Etymology

From Proto-Baltic *karyas, from Proto-Indo-European *koryos, from *ker-. Cognates include Lithuanian kãras, dialectal kãrias, Old Prussian kargis ([karjis], “troops, army”) (misspelled as kragis in the 16th-century text), karyago (“travels”) (i.e., “war path”), Middle Irish cuire (“army; troops”), Gothic 𐌷𐌰𐍂𐌾𐌹𐍃 (harjis), Old Norse herr, German Heer (“army”), Ancient Greek κοίρανος (koíranos, “leader, commander”) (< *koiros < *koryos).^[1]

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [kàɾʃ]

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

karš m (1st declension)

1. war (organized armed conflict between two or more countries, peoples, ethnic or social groups)

   Pirmais pasaules karš ― First World War

   Otrais pasaules karš ― Second World War

   aizstāvēšanās, uzbrukuma karš ― defensive, offensive war

   agresīvs karš ― aggressive war

   taisnīgs karš ― just, rightful war

   koloniālais karš ― colonial war

   pilsoņu karš ― civil war

   nacionālās atbrīvošanās karš ― national liberation war

   partizānu karš ― partisan, guerilla war

   izsīkuma karš ― war of attrition

   krusta karš ― crusade (lit. cross war)

   karš pret iebrucējiem ― war against invaders

   ķīmiskais karš ― chemical warfare

   bioloģiskais karš ― biological warfare

   bakterioloģiskais karš ― bacteriological warfare

   kodoltermiskais karš ― thermonuclear war

   kara kurinātāji, kūrēji ― warmongers

   izcēlās karš ― war broke out

   kara sākums ― the beginning of war

   pieteikt karu ― to declare war

   uzvarēt karu, karā ― to win the war

   zaudēt karu, karā ― to lose the war

   izbeigt karu ― to put an end to the war

   doties karā ― to go to war

   atgriezties no kara ― to return from war

   karš ir tās politikas turpinājums ar varmācības līdzekļiem, kuru piekopa karojošo lielvalstu valdošās šķiras jau ilgi pirms kara ― war is the continuation, by means of violence, of policies which were practiced by the ruling classes of the warring countries long before the war

2. (in the genitive, used adjectivally) war; relating to war

   kara bēgli ― war refugees

   kara veterāns ― war veteran

   kara invalīds ― war invalid

   kara stāvoklis ― state of war

   kara darbība ― act of war

   kara gājiens, karagājiens ― war march, crusade

   kara lauks, karalauks ― battlefield (lit. war field)

   kara gūsteknis ― prisoner of war

   kara noziedznieks ― war criminal

3. (in the genitive, used adjectivally) war, military (relating to the armed forces or to military service)

   jūras kara flote ― Navy (lit. sea war fleet)

   kara rūpnīca ― military industry

   kara medicīnas dienests ― military medical service

   kara hospitāls, ārsts ― military hospital, doctor

   kara lidmašīna ― military airplane

   kara dienests, karadienests ― military service

   kara apgabals ― military district

   kara skola, karaskola ― military school

   kara akadēmija ― military academy

   kara zinātne ― military science

   kara māksla, karamāksla ― the art of war; warfare

   kara noslēpums ― war secret, military secret

   kara tribunāls ― military tribunal

   kara tiesa ― court martial (lit. military court)

   kara bāze, osta ― military base, port

   kara mūzika ― military music

   kara klausība, karaklausība ― military conscription

   kara kungs ― war lord

4. (figuratively) war (serious conflict, struggle, fight, clash between enemies)

   aukstais karš ― cold war

   ideoloģiskais karš ― ideological war

   ekonomiskais karš ― economic war

   jāpiesaka bargs karš pret māņticībām ― it is necessary to declare harsh war against superstitions

5. (figuratively) war (disagreement, dispute, quarrel)

   vārdu karš ― war of words

   aizmirsušies nemitīgie mājas kari par jaunām kleitām ― they (had) forgotten the persistent domestic wars about new dresses

References