Etymology
Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *bʰer(H)-g-; cf. Ancient Greek φρύγω (phrúgō, “I roast, bake”), Sanskrit भृज्जति (bhṛjjati, “to roast, grill, fry”), भृग् (bhṛg, “the crackling of fire”). However, Latin frīg- would point to *bʰreyg⁽ʰ⁾-, which lacks formal cognates. De Vaan suggests the word is a loan from late Ancient Greek or another source, following Giacomelli (1994), who assumes it is a late Greek borrowing. Probably related to Umbrian frehtu.[1] See also fertum.
Verb
frīgō (present infinitive frīgere, perfect active frīxī, supine frīctum or frīxum); third conjugation
- to roast, fry
Crēdere cāridem hanc orȳzam frīxisse abnegō- I refuse to believe that a shrimp fried this rice.
- to parch
Conjugation
More information indicative, singular ...
indicative |
singular |
plural |
first |
second |
third |
first |
second |
third |
active |
present |
frīgō |
frīgis |
frīgit |
frīgimus |
frīgitis |
frīgunt |
imperfect |
frīgēbam |
frīgēbās |
frīgēbat |
frīgēbāmus |
frīgēbātis |
frīgēbant |
future |
frīgam |
frīgēs |
frīget |
frīgēmus |
frīgētis |
frīgent |
perfect |
frīxī |
frīxistī |
frīxit |
frīximus |
frīxistis |
frīxērunt, frīxēre |
pluperfect |
frīxeram |
frīxerās |
frīxerat |
frīxerāmus |
frīxerātis |
frīxerant |
future perfect |
frīxerō |
frīxeris |
frīxerit |
frīxerimus |
frīxeritis |
frīxerint |
passive |
present |
frīgor |
frīgeris, frīgere |
frīgitur |
frīgimur |
frīgiminī |
frīguntur |
imperfect |
frīgēbar |
frīgēbāris, frīgēbāre |
frīgēbātur |
frīgēbāmur |
frīgēbāminī |
frīgēbantur |
future |
frīgar |
frīgēris, frīgēre |
frīgētur |
frīgēmur |
frīgēminī |
frīgentur |
perfect |
frīctus or frīxus + present active indicative of sum |
pluperfect |
frīctus or frīxus + imperfect active indicative of sum |
future perfect |
frīctus or frīxus + future active indicative of sum |
subjunctive |
singular |
plural |
first |
second |
third |
first |
second |
third |
active |
present |
frīgam |
frīgās |
frīgat |
frīgāmus |
frīgātis |
frīgant |
imperfect |
frīgerem |
frīgerēs |
frīgeret |
frīgerēmus |
frīgerētis |
frīgerent |
perfect |
frīxerim |
frīxerīs |
frīxerit |
frīxerīmus |
frīxerītis |
frīxerint |
pluperfect |
frīxissem |
frīxissēs |
frīxisset |
frīxissēmus |
frīxissētis |
frīxissent |
passive |
present |
frīgar |
frīgāris, frīgāre |
frīgātur |
frīgāmur |
frīgāminī |
frīgantur |
imperfect |
frīgerer |
frīgerēris, frīgerēre |
frīgerētur |
frīgerēmur |
frīgerēminī |
frīgerentur |
perfect |
frīctus or frīxus + present active subjunctive of sum |
pluperfect |
frīctus or frīxus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum |
imperative |
singular |
plural |
first |
second |
third |
first |
second |
third |
active |
present |
— |
frīge |
— |
— |
frīgite |
— |
future |
— |
frīgitō |
frīgitō |
— |
frīgitōte |
frīguntō |
passive |
present |
— |
frīgere |
— |
— |
frīgiminī |
— |
future |
— |
frīgitor |
frīgitor |
— |
— |
frīguntor |
frīgere |
frīxisse |
frīctūrum esse, frīxūrum esse |
frīgī |
frīctum esse, frīxum esse |
frīctum īrī, frīxum īrī |
frīgēns |
— |
frīctūrus, frīxūrus |
— |
frīctus, frīxus |
frīgendus, frīgundus |
frīgendī |
frīgendō |
frīgendum |
frīgendō |
frīctum, frīxum |
frīctū, frīxū |
Close
Descendants
- Balkan Romance:
- Dalmatian:
- Italo-Romance:
- North Italian:
- Friulian: fridi
- Venetan: frìxer, frìxar, frìzar
- Gallo-Romance:
- Occitano-Romance:
- Iber-Romance:
- Old Galician-Portuguese: frigir
- Old Spanish: [Term?]
- Ladino: friyir
- Spanish: freír
- Insular Romance:
- Sardinian: fríere, fríghere, friri
- Vulgar Latin: *frīctūra (see there for further descendants)
- Borrowings:
- → Old Irish: [Term?]
- → Proto-Albanian: [Term?]
- → Proto-Brythonic: [Term?]
Further reading
- “frigo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “frigo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- frigo in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
- Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book, London: Macmillan and Co.
- advice is useless in this case; the situation is very embarrassing: omnia consilia frigent (Verr. 2. 25)
De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “frīgō, -ere”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 243