ar

See also: Appendix:Variations of "ar"

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Etymology

Abbreviation of English Arabic

Symbol

ar

(international standards) ISO 639-1 language code for Arabic.

Pronunciation

(Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /ˈɑː/
(General American) IPA^(key): /ˈɑɹ/
(Ireland) IPA^(key): /ˈaɹ/, /ˈäːɹ/
(African-American Vernacular) IPA^(key): /ˈɑɹə/
Audio (US): (file)
Rhymes: -ɑː, -ɑɹ, -ɔɹ, -ɑɹə

Etymology 1

From Middle English *ar, arres pl, from earlier *er.

Noun

ar (plural ars)

The name of the Latin-script letter R/r.
All the ars in the inscription.
- 2004, Will Rogers, The Stonking Steps, page 170:
  I have drunk en-ee-cee-tee-ay-ar from the ef-ell-oh-doubleyou-ee-ar-ess in his gee-ay-ar-dee-ee-en many a time.
- 2016 CCEB, Communications Instructions Radiotelephone Procedures: ACP125 (G), p. 3-5
  RV [is spoken] as "ar-vee" instead of "I SPELL Romeo Victor".

Derived terms

ar-dropping
arless

Descendants

→ Malay: ar
→ Tagalog: ar

Translations

name of the letter R, r

Afrikaans: er (af)
Arabic: آر m (ʔār)
Asturian: erre (ast)
Bengali: আর (bn) (ar)
Burmese: အာရ် (ar)
Catalan: erra (ca) f
Chinese:
Mandarin: (English letter names are called as in English, no other standard Mandarin name exists)
Czech: er (cs)
Danish: er (da) n
Dutch: er (nl)
Esperanto: ro (eo)
Faroese: err n
Finnish: är (fi), ärrä (fi)
French: erre (fr) m
Galician: erre (gl) m
Greek: αρ n (ar)
Hawaiian: rō
Hindi: आर (hi) (ār)
Ido: re (io)
Indonesian: er (id)
Irish: ear, ruis
Italian: erre (it) f
Japanese: アール (ja) (āru)
Korean: 아르 (ko) (areu)
Latin: er (la)
Malay: ar
Marathi: आर (ār)
Occitan: èrra f
Persian: ار (fa) (er), آر (fa) (âr) (english)
Portuguese: erre (pt) m
Russian: ар (ru) n (ar) (English) (usually taught as /ɑː/), эр (ru) n (er)
Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic: ер

Latin: er (sh)
Spanish: erre (es) f
Tagalog: ar, ra (tl) (Abakada), ere (Abecedario alphabet)
Thai: อาร์ (th) (aa)
Turkish: re (tr)
Vietnamese: e-rờ, rờ (vi)
Welsh: er f

Etymology 2

Interjection

ar

(UK, West Country, West Midlands) Alternative form of arr

Derived terms

oh ar

Particle

ar

(UK, West Country, West Midlands) Alternative form of arr

Etymology 3

Verb

ar

Obsolete spelling of are.
- 1570, Roger Ascham, The Scholemaster:
  But commonlie, the fairest bodies, ar bestowed on the foulest purposes.

Etymology 4

Particle

ar

(Manglish, Singlish) Alternative form of ah (question particle)

Anagrams

'RA, 'Ra, ra, RA, Ra

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Noun

ar

Pometia pinnata

Alternative forms

ār (NW Gheg)^[1]

Etymology 1

Borrowed through Vulgar Latin from Latin aurum (“gold”).^[2]^[3] Considering the rendering of Latin au- as Albanian ā-, it is a relatively archaic borrowing. Although Arbëresh dialects preserve the original Latin neuter, in standard Albanian it is masculine.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /aɾ/
Audio: (file)

Noun

ar m (definite ari)^[4]

(chemistry) gold
Synonyms: flori, dukat
- 1555, Gjon Buzuku, Meshari:
  Të provuomitë e fesë saj të jetë mā e pāçmuome se ari.
  The temptations of her religion are more precious than (the) gold.
(figurative) treasure, gem
Synonym: thesar
golden thread

Declension

More information singular, indefinite ...

	singular
	indefinite	definite
nominative	ar	ari
accusative	ar	arin
dat./abl.	ari	arit

Close

Declension of ar

Derived terms

artë, praroj, artar, arturinë

Adjective

ar (feminine are)

golden
Synonyms: artë, flori

Ai/ajo e ka zemrën ar. ― He/she has a golden heart.
(figurative) precious
Synonym: çmueshëm
(figurative) yellow; white, bright
Synonyms: verdhë, lylc, bardhë, ndritshëm
(figurative) blonde, bright, light (hair)
Synonym: biond

Etymology 2

Probably via French are (“are”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /aɾ/

Noun

ar m (plural arë, definite ari, definite plural arët)^[5]

are (unit of area; abbrev. a)
(metric unit of measure:) 1 a = 100 (m²) square meters = ~119.6 square yards

Synonym: a (abbrev.)

Declension

More information singular, plural ...

	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	ar	ari	arë	arët
accusative	ar	arin	arë	arët
dative	ari	arit	arëve	arëve
ablative	ari	arit	arësh	arëve

Close

Declension of ar

References

[1]
Jungg, G. (1895) “aar”, in Fialuur i voghel sccȣp e ltinisct [Small Albanian–Italian dictionary], page 1
[2]
Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “ar”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 7
[3]
Topalli, K. (2017) “ar”, in Fjalor Etimologjik i Gjuhës Shqipe, Durrës, Albania: Jozef, page 111
[4]
“ar”, in FGJSH: Fjalor i gjuhës shqipe [Dictionary of the Albanian language] (in Albanian), 2006
[5]
“ar”, in FGJSH: Fjalor i gjuhës shqipe [Dictionary of the Albanian language] (in Albanian), 2006

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Alternative forms

aru

Etymology

From Latin arō. Compare Daco-Romanian ara, ar.

Verb

ar first-singular present indicative (third-person singular present indicative arã, past participle aratã)

to plough

Related terms

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic عَار (ʕār).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɑr/
Audio (Baku): (file)

Noun

ar (definite accusative arı, plural arlar)

feeling of shame

Declension

More information Declension of, singular ...

Declension of ar
	singular	plural
nominative	ar	arlar
definite accusative	arı	arları
dative	ara	arlara
locative	arda	arlarda
ablative	ardan	arlardan
definite genitive	arın	arların

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More information Possessive forms of, nominative ...

Possessive forms of ar
	nominative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	arım	arlarım
sənin (“your”)	arın	arların
onun (“his/her/its”)	arı	arları
bizim (“our”)	arımız	arlarımız
sizin (“your”)	arınız	arlarınız
onların (“their”)	arı or arları	arları
	accusative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	arımı	arlarımı
sənin (“your”)	arını	arlarını
onun (“his/her/its”)	arını	arlarını
bizim (“our”)	arımızı	arlarımızı
sizin (“your”)	arınızı	arlarınızı
onların (“their”)	arını or arlarını	arlarını
	dative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	arıma	arlarıma
sənin (“your”)	arına	arlarına
onun (“his/her/its”)	arına	arlarına
bizim (“our”)	arımıza	arlarımıza
sizin (“your”)	arınıza	arlarınıza
onların (“their”)	arına or arlarına	arlarına
	locative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	arımda	arlarımda
sənin (“your”)	arında	arlarında
onun (“his/her/its”)	arında	arlarında
bizim (“our”)	arımızda	arlarımızda
sizin (“your”)	arınızda	arlarınızda
onların (“their”)	arında or arlarında	arlarında
	ablative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	arımdan	arlarımdan
sənin (“your”)	arından	arlarından
onun (“his/her/its”)	arından	arlarından
bizim (“our”)	arımızdan	arlarımızdan
sizin (“your”)	arınızdan	arlarınızdan
onların (“their”)	arından or arlarından	arlarından
	genitive
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	arımın	arlarımın
sənin (“your”)	arının	arlarının
onun (“his/her/its”)	arının	arlarının
bizim (“our”)	arımızın	arlarımızın
sizin (“your”)	arınızın	arlarınızın
onların (“their”)	arının or arlarının	arlarının

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Synonyms

utanma, abır, həya

Derived terms

arlanmaq
arsız
- arsızcasına
- arsızlıq

Pronunciation

Audio: (file)

Noun

ar inan or anim

male

Declension

More information indefinite, singular ...

		indefinite	singular	plural
absolutive		ar	arra	arrak
ergative		arrek	arrak	arrek
dative		arri	arrari	arrei
genitive		arren	arraren	arren
comitative		arrekin	arrarekin	arrekin
causative		arrengatik	arrarengatik	arrengatik
benefactive		arrentzat	arrarentzat	arrentzat
instrumental		arrez	arraz	arrez
inessive	anim.	arrengan	arrarengan	arrengan
inessive	inanim.	arretan	arrean	arretan
locative	anim.	—	—	—
locative	inanim.	arretako	arreko	arretako
allative	anim.	arrengana	arrarengana	arrengana
allative	inanim.	arretara	arrera	arretara
terminative	anim.	arrenganaino	arrarenganaino	arrenganaino
terminative	inanim.	arretaraino	arreraino	arretaraino
directive	anim.	arrenganantz	arrarenganantz	arrenganantz
directive	inanim.	arretarantz	arrerantz	arretarantz
destinative	anim.	arrenganako	arrarenganako	arrenganako
destinative	inanim.	arretarako	arrerako	arretarako
ablative	anim.	arrengandik	arrarengandik	arrengandik
ablative	inanim.	arretatik	arretik	arretatik
partitive		arrik	—	—
prolative		artzat	—	—

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Declension of ar (animate and inanimate, ending in -r)

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Article

ar

the

Determiner

ar

third person plural general possessive; their

Related terms

More information Small objects, concepts, Large objects, living things ...

		Small objects, concepts	Large objects, living things	Suffix
Singular	First person	ai	nei	-ei
	Second person	omw, om	noum	-om
	Third person	an	noun	-an
Plural	First person	äm (exclusive) ach (inclusive)	nöu̇m (exclusive) nöüch (inclusive)	-em (exclusive) -ach (inclusive)
	Second person	ämi, ami	noumi	-emi
	Third person	ar	nour	-er

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Chuukese possessive determiners

Etymology 1

From Middle High German ahorn, from Old High German ahorn. Cognate with German Ahorn.

Noun

ar m

(Luserna) maple, maple tree

Alternative forms

aorn (Sette Comuni)

References

Patuzzi, Umberto, ed., (2013) Luserna / Lusérn: Le nostre parole / Ünsarne börtar / Unsere Wörter [Our Words], Luserna, Italy: Comitato unitario delle isole linguistiche storiche germaniche in Italia / Einheitskomitee der historischen deutschen Sprachinseln in Italien

Etymology 2

Pronoun

ar

(Sette Comuni) Short for èar (“he”).
Ar khimmet lóofanten.
He comes running.

References

“ar” in Martalar, Umberto Martello, Bellotto, Alfonso (1974) Dizionario della lingua Cimbra dei Sette Communi vicentini, 1st edition, Roana, Italy: Instituto di Cultura Cimbra A. Dal Pozzo

Etymology

From French are, created during the French Revolution as a learned formation from Latin area, a piece of level ground.^[1]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ar/

Noun

ar m inan

are (unit of area equal to 100 square metres)

Declension

More information singular, plural ...

	singular	plural
nominative	ar	ary
genitive	aru	arů
dative	aru	arům
accusative	ar	ary
vocative	are	ary
locative	aru	arech
instrumental	arem	ary

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Declension of ar (hard masculine inanimate)

Related terms

hektar

References

[1]
Jiří Rejzek (2007) “ar”, in Český etymologický slovník (in Czech), Leda

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɑːr/, [ɑːˀ]
Rhymes: -aːˀr

Etymology 1

From Old Norse ørr.

Noun

ar n (singular definite arret, plural indefinite ar)

scar
(slang) mouth

Inflection

More information neuter gender, Singular ...

neuter gender	Singular		Plural
neuter gender	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	ar	arret	ar	arrene
genitive	ars	arrets	ars	arrenes

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Declension of ar

Derived terms

Verb

ar

imperative of arre

Etymology 2

From French are, from Latin ārea (“open space”).

Noun

ar c (singular definite aren, plural indefinite ar)

are (square decametre, 100 m²)

Inflection

More information common gender, Singular ...

common gender	Singular		Plural
common gender	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	ar	aren	ar	arene
genitive	ars	arens	ars	arenes

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Declension of ar

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɑr/
Audio: (file)
Hyphenation: ar
Rhymes: -ɑr

Etymology 2

Back-formation from arrenslee (see there for further etymology).

Noun

ar m or f (plural arren, diminutive arretje n)

(obsolete) sledge

Related terms

arrenslee

Etymology

Compare German er.

Pronoun

ar

(Erzgebirgisch) he

Etymology 1

From Old Galician-Portuguese aar, from an older aere, from Latin aēr.

Alternative forms

aire

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ˈaɾ]

Noun

ar m (plural ares)

air

Etymology 2

Unknown

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ˈaɾ]

Adverb

ar

(archaic) furthermore, in addition
(archaic) never

References

Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “ar”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “aar”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “aere”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “ar”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “ar”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “ar”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ʔár/
- (Standard Kano Hausa) IPA^(key): [ʔár]
Hyphenation: ar̃

Interjection

ar̃

damn it

Etymology 1

From a conflation of three Old Irish prepositions:

ar (“for”) (triggering lenition), from Proto-Celtic *ɸare (“in front of”), from Proto-Indo-European *pr̥h₂i. Cognates include Ancient Greek παρά (pará, “beside”) and English fore.
for (“on”) (triggering no mutation), from Proto-Celtic *uɸer (“over, on”) (compare Welsh ar, Breton war), from Proto-Indo-European *upér (compare Latin super, Ancient Greek ὑπέρ (hupér), Old English ofer).
íar (“after”) (triggering eclipsis), from Proto-Celtic *eɸirom (“after, behind”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁epi.

Cognates include Manx er and Scottish Gaelic air.

The pronunciation is taken from the third-person singular masculine inflected form air, although the spellings remain distinct in the standard language.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɛɾʲ/^[1]

Preposition

ar (plus dative, triggers no mutation in general references but lenition in qualified or particularized references, triggers eclipsis in a few fixed expressions)

on
Used with a variety of nouns to indicate feelings and minor medical conditions
Tá áthas orm.
I am glad.
(literally, “Joy is on me.”)

Tá ocras orm.
I am hungry.
(literally, “Hunger is on me.”)

Tá slaghdán orm.
I have a cold.
(literally, “A cold is on me.”)
Used with a verbal noun to indicate a state
ar crith ― trembling

ar foluain ― hovering

ar díol ― for sale
upon (with a verbal noun plus personal form of do indicating the subject of the verb)
ar éirí dom ― when I get/got up; upon my rising
upon (with a (“his, her, their”)—indicating the subject of an intransitive verb or the object of a transitive verb—plus verbal noun to indicate completion of an action)
ar a theacht / arna theacht ― when he comes/came; on his coming

ar a chríochnú dom / arna chríochnú dom ― when I (had) completed it; upon my completion of it
(in conjunction with the verb bí) must, have to
Bhí orainn anailís a dhéanamh ar bhlúirí a bhí bainte as téacs.
We had to analyse fragments abstracted from a text.

Inflection

More information Person:, simple ...

Inflection of ar
	Person:		simple	emphatic
singular	first		orm	ormsa
	second		ort	ortsa
	third	m	air	airsean
	third	f	uirthi	uirthise

plural	first		orainn	orainne
	second		oraibh	oraibhse
	third		orthu	orthusan

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Derived terms

ar aba (“on account of”)
ar aghaidh (“in front of, opposite, facing”)
ar ais (“back”)
ar ala na huaire (“on the spur of the moment”)
ar amharc (“in sight”)
ar an gcéad dul síos (“firstly, first of all”)
ar aon chaoi (“at any rate, anyway, anyhow”)
ar ball (“a while ago; in a while, presently, by and by”)
ar bith
ar buile (“mad, furious, on the warpath”)
ar bun (“going on, happening, afoot; established, set up”)
ar chor ar bith (“at all, any at all”)
ar chúl (“behind, in back of”)
ar dtús (“at first”)
ar fad (“still; all, fully; always; quite, clean; altogether; away”)
ar feadh (“for, during”)
ar iarraidh (“missing”)
ar lóistín (“lodging; in lodgings”)
ar maidin (“in the morning”)
ar meisce (“drunk”)
ar na rópaí (“on the ropes”)
ar ndóiche
ar ndóigh (“of course”)
ar nós (“in the style or manner of, like”)
ar olca le (“to spite”)
ar oscailt (“open”)
arna (“upon his/her/their; when he/she/they”)
arnár (“upon our; when we”)
cuir ar (“put on”)
cuir caoi ar (“put in order, fix, repair; fix up”)
cuir pionós ar (“punish”)
de bhreis ar (“over and above”)
de gheall ar (“for the sake of; disposed to, intending to”)
déan caimiléireacht ar
déan cneámhaireacht ar
faigh locht ar (“find fault with/in”)
feall ar (“cheat”)
gabh seilbh ar (“confiscate”)
i ngeall ar (“on account of”)
mar gheall ar (“on account of, because of, concerning”)
tabhair ar (“call; make, cause, compel”)

Etymology 2

an +‎ -r

Particle

ar (triggers lenition except of past autonomous forms; used only in the past tense of regular and some irregular verbs)

Used to form direct and indirect questions
Ar chuala tú mé? ― Did you hear me?

Níl a fhios agam ar chas sé an t-amhrán. ― I don’t know if/whether he sang the song.

Ar ól an cat an bainne? ― Did the cat drink the milk?

Ar cuireadh an síol? ― Was the seed sown?
Used to form direct and indirect copular questions; used before consonants
Ar mhúinteoir tú? ― Were you a teacher?

Related terms

an (used with non-past tenses and in the past tense of some irregular verbs)

Particle

ar (copular form used before consonants and nouns beginning with vowels; triggers lenition in the past/conditional)

Introduces an indirect relative clause; present/future tense
an fear ar múinteoir a mhac ― the man whose son is a teacher

an fear ar iascaire a mhac ― the man whose son is a fisherman
Introduces an indirect relative clause; past/conditional tense
an fear ar mhúinteoir a mhac ― the man whose son was a teacher
Introduces a direct or indirect interrogative; past/conditional tense
Ar mhaith leat cupán tae?
Would you like a cup of tea?

Níl a fhios agam ar mhaith léi cupán tae.
I don’t know if she would like a cup of tea.

Related terms

More information Present/future, Affirmative ...

Simple copular forms

Present/future
	Affirmative	Negative	Interrogative	Neg. inter.
Main clauses	is	ní	an	nach
Direct relative clauses	is	nach
Indirect relative clauses	ar, arb^v
Other subordinate clauses	gur, gurb^v		an	nach
Past/conditional
	Affirmative	Negative	Interrogative	Neg. inter.
Main clauses	ba, b’^v	níor, níorbh^v	ar, arbh^v	nár, nárbh^v
Direct relative clauses	ba, ab^v	nár, nárbh^v
Indirect relative clauses	ar, arbh^v
Other subordinate clauses	gur, gurbh^v		ar, arbh^v	nár, nárbh^v
Present subjunctive
	Affirmative	Negative
	gura, gurab^v	nára, nárab^v

Compound copular forms

Base word	Present/future	Past/conditional
cá	cár, cárb^v	cár, cárbh^v
cé	cér, cérb^v	cér, cérbh^v
dá		dá mba, dá mb’^v
de/do	dar, darb^v	dar, darbh^v
faoi	faoinar, faoinarb^v	faoinar, faoinarbh^v
i	inar, inarb^v	inar, inarbh^v
le	lenar, lenarb^v	lenar, lenarbh^v
má	más	má ba, má b’^v
mura	mura, murab^v	murar, murarbh^v
ó (prep.)	ónar, ónarb^v	ónar, ónarbh^v
ó (conj.)	ós	ó ba, ó b’^v
trí	trínar, trínarb^v	trínar, trínarbh^v

^v Used before vowel sounds

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Irish copular forms

Etymology 3

a +‎ -r

Particle

ar (triggers lenition except of past autonomous forms; used only in the past tense of regular and some irregular verbs)

Introduces an indirect relative clause
an chathaoir ar shuigh an gasúr air ― the chair the boy sat on

an cailín ar ól a cat an bainne ― the girl whose cat drank the milk

an gort ar cuireadh an síol ann ― the field the seed was sown in

Related terms

a (used with non-past tenses and with the past of some irregular verbs)

Pronoun

ar (triggers lenition except of past autonomous forms; used only in the past tense of regular and some irregular verbs)

all that, whatever
Sin ar chonnaic mé ann.
That’s all that I saw there.

Ar thuig tú ar canadh?
Did you understand all that was sung?

Cheannaigh mé ar íoc tú as.
I bought whatever you paid for.

Related terms

a (form used with non-past tenses and with the past of some irregular verbs)

Etymology 4

From Middle Irish ol, from Old Irish ol.

Verb

ar (used only with 3rd-person pronouns, usually emphatic)

said, says
“Tar isteach,” ar seisean.
“Come in,” he said.

“Ní thuigim,” ar sise.
“I don’t understand,” she says.

“Cén fáth?” ar siadsan.
“Why?” they said.

Related terms

arsa (used with other persons and with full nouns)

Etymology 5

Old Irish ar (“ploughing, ploughed land”), verbal noun of airid (“to plough”).

Noun

ar m (genitive singular air)

(literary, agriculture) verbal noun of air (“plough”)
(literary, agriculture) tillage

Declension

More information bare forms, case ...

Declension of ar (first declension, no plural)

bare forms
case	singular
nominative	ar
vocative	a air
genitive	air
dative	ar

forms with the definite article
case	singular
nominative	an t-ar
genitive	an air
dative	leis an ar don ar

Close

Mutation

More information radical, eclipsis ...

Mutated forms of ar
radical	eclipsis	with h-prothesis	with t-prothesis
ar	n-ar	har	t-ar

Close

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

[1]
Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, page 100

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈar/
Rhymes: -ar
Hyphenation: àr

Contraction

ar

(Rome) Contraction of a er (“to the, at the”).

Etymology 1

Derived from English or.

Conjunction

ar

or
- 2023, Yuunivorshal Deklarieshan a Yuuman Raits, United Nations, Aatikl 17:
  Evribadi av di rait fi uon prapati bai demself ar wid ada piipl.
  Everyone has the right to own property alone as well as in association with others.
  (literally, “Everybody have the right to own property by themselves or with other people.”)

Etymology 2

Pronoun

ar

her
- 2012, Di Jamiekan Nyuu Testiment, Edinburgh: DJB, published 2012, →ISBN, Maak 7:30:
  Wen shi riich uom shi si ar pikni lai dong pan ar bed an di diiman gaan outa ar.
  She went home and found the child lying on the bed, the demon gone.
  (literally, “When she went home she saw her child lying on the bed and the demon had gone out of her.”)

Etymology

From Sanskrit आरा (ārā), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁óleh₂ (“awl”). Cognate with German Ahle, English awl.

Noun

ar

awl

**Khasi cardinal numbers**
< 1	2	3 >
Cardinal : ar

Etymology

From Proto-Khasian *ʔaːr, from Proto-Mon-Khmer *ɓaar. Cognate with Pnar ar, Blang lál, Bahnar ʼbar, Khmer ពីរ (pii), Vietnamese hai, Santali ᱵᱟᱨ (bar).

Numeral

ar

two

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *ár. Cognates include Latvian ar (“with”) and dialectal Lithuanian ar (“and”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ˈâr]
Hyphenation: ar

Preposition

ar (+ instrumental)

with

References

Nicole Nau (2011) A short grammar of Latgalian, München: LINCOM GmbH, →ISBN

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂er- Cognate with Lithuanian ar (“whether, if, and”), Ancient Greek ἄρα (ára, “then”).

Preposition

ar (with instrumental)

with

Verb

ar

inflection of art:
(with the particle lai) third-person singular imperative of art
(with the particle lai) third-person plural imperative of art

Alternative forms

er

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂er- (“thus, so”), thought to be a specialized conjunctional usage of the Proto-Indo-European root's usual "to fit" meaning. Cognate with Latvian ar (“whether, if, with”), Ancient Greek ἄρα (ára, “then”).^[1]^[2]

Conjunction

ar̃

(interrogative) whether, if
Ar norite valgyti? ― Do you want to eat?

Nežinau, ar tai tiesa, ar ne. ― I don't know whether that is true or not.
(dialectal) and

Usage notes

Although commonly placed at the start of a sentence to form a yes/no question, it is not necessary to use ar to form such a question. Intonation alone can accomplish that. Additionally, there are other particles that can be used for the same purpose: ar̃gi, bè, benè, gál, kažìn, nègi, nejaũ, nejaũgi.

References

[1]
Derksen, Rick (2015) “ar”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 59
[2]
Vytautas Ambrazas (2006) Lithuanian Grammar, 2nd revised edition, →ISBN, pages 400, 428, 597, 712–713

Etymology

From English ar.

Pronunciation

(Johor) IPA^(key): /ˈa(r)/ [ˈa(r)]
(Penang, Baku) IPA^(key): /ˈar/ [ˈar]

Noun

ar (plural ar-ar)

The name of the Latin-script letter R/r.

Synonyms

er (Indonesian)
ra (Jawi letter name)

Etymology

From Latin arō.^[1] Compare Romanian ara, ar.

Verb

ar

plough

Related terms

ărari
ărat

References

Atasanov, Petar (1990) Le mégléno-roumain de nos jours: Une approche linguistique, Hamburg: Buske

[1]
https://www.dex.ro/ara

Etymology 1

Determiner

ar

(chiefly Kent and West Midlands) Alternative form of here (“their”)

Etymology 2

Noun

ar

(Northern) Alternative form of ore (“honour”)

Alternative forms

er

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ar/

Etymology 1

From Proto-Brythonic *ar, from Proto-Celtic *ɸare.

Preposition

ar (triggers lenition)

on, upon
over, of (of a ruler with respect to the area ruled)
- Pwyll Pendeuic Dyuet:
  Pwyll Pendeuic Dyuet a oed yn arglwyd ar seith cantref Dyuet.
  Pwyll Pendefig Dyfed was lord of the seven cantrefs of Dyfed.

Inflection

First-person singular: arnaf
Second-person singular: arnat
Third-person singular masculine: arnaw
Third-person singular feminine: arnei, erni
First-person plural: arnam
Second-person plural: arnawch
Third-person plural: arnunt

Derived terms

ar hynny (“thereupon”)
y ar (“from upon”)

Descendants

Welsh: ar

Etymology 2

Pronoun

ar

he/she who, whoever
- Pwyll Pendeuic Dyuet:
  Ar ny del yn uuyd, kymmeller o nerth cledyueu.
  Whoever does not come with obedience shall be compelled by the force of swords.
that which, whatever
- Pwyll Pendeuic Dyuet:
  Pa amgen uedwl yssyd yndaw ef heno noc ar a uu yr blwydyn y heno?
  What is the different mind that is in him tonight than that which has been since a year ago tonight?

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɑːɾ/

Etymology 1

From Proto-Iranian *āθ(a)r-, from *HáHtr̥š, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *HáHtr̥š (“fire”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eh₁ter- (“fire”).

Noun

ar m (Arabic spelling ئار)

fire
Synonyms: agir, alav, pêt
ash, ashes

Declension

More information Definite masculine gender, Case ...

Definite masculine gender
Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	ar	ar
Construct	arê	arên
Oblique	arî	aran
Demonstrative oblique	wî arî	wan aran
Vocative	aro	arino
Indefinite masculine gender
Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	arek	arin
Construct	arekî	arine
Oblique	arekî	arinan

Close

Declension of ar

Derived terms

ardû

Etymology 2

Noun

ar m (Arabic spelling ئار)

Alternative form of ard (“flour”)

Declension

More information Definite masculine gender, Case ...

Definite masculine gender
Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	ar	ar
Construct	arê	arên
Oblique	arî	aran
Demonstrative oblique	wî arî	wan aran
Vocative	aro	arino
Indefinite masculine gender
Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	arek	arin
Construct	arekî	arine
Oblique	arekî	arinan

Close

Declension of ar

Etymology 3

Noun

ar ?

shame, disgrace
Synonym: 'ar
are (square decametre, 100 m²)
Abbreviation of argon.

References

Chyet, Michael L. (2020) “ar I”, in Ferhenga Birûskî: Kurmanji–English Dictionary (Language Series; 1), volume 1, London: Transnational Press, page 10
Chyet, Michael L. (2020) “ar II”, in Ferhenga Birûskî: Kurmanji–English Dictionary (Language Series; 1), volume 1, London: Transnational Press, page 10

Norwegian Wikipedia has an article on:

ar (måleenhet)

Wikipedia ^no

Etymology

From French are (“are”), from Latin ārea (“a piece of level ground, vacant ground, house ground”), either from Proto-Italic *āzeā, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eHs-e-yeh₂, from *h₂eHs- (“to become dry, burn; hearth, ashes”), or from Proto-Italic *āreā, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eh₂r-e-yeh₂, from *h₂eh₂rh₃- (“threshing tool”).

Noun

ar n (definite singular aret, indefinite plural ar, definite plural ara or arene)

an are, area of 100 square metres

Derived terms

dekar

References

“ar” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
“ar” in Det Norske Akademis ordbok (NAOB).

Norwegian Nynorsk Wikipedia has an article on:

ar

Wikipedia ⁿⁿ

Etymology

From French are, from Latin area.

Noun

ar n (definite singular aret, indefinite plural ar, definite plural ara)

an are, area of 100 square metres

Derived terms

dekar

References

“ar” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɑːr/

Etymology 1

From Proto-West Germanic *aiʀu (“respect, honour”). Cognate with German Ehre.

Alternative forms

āre

Noun

ār f

honour, glory, grace
- Exeter Book, The Wanderer
  Oft him ānhaga · āre gebīdeð,
  Metudes miltse, · þēah þe hē mōdċeariġ
  A loner oft waits a grace for himself,
  Creator's mercy, even if he is sorrowful

Declension

Strong ō-stem:

More information singular, plural ...

	singular	plural
nominative	ār	āra, āre
accusative	āre	āra, āre
genitive	āre	āra
dative	āre	ārum

Close

Derived terms

ārlīċe (“honorably”)
ārstafas (“help, kindness”)
woroldār (“worldly honour”)

Descendants

Middle English: ore, oore, or, ȝore, aore, are, ære (Early Middle English), ar, are (Northern)

Etymology 2

From Proto-West Germanic *aiʀ. Cognate with Old Norse eir (“brass, copper”), German ehern (“of metal, of iron”), Gothic 𐌰𐌹𐌶 (aiz, “ore”), from Proto-Indo-European *áyos, h₂éyos. Compare Dutch oer (“iron-holding earth”). Compare Latin aes (“bronze, copper”), Avestan 𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬀𐬵 (aiiah), Sanskrit अयस् (áyas, “copper, iron”).

Noun

ār n

ore, brass, copper

Declension

Strong a-stem:

More information singular, plural ...

	singular	plural
nominative	ār	ār
accusative	ār	ār
genitive	āres	āra
dative	āre	ārum

Close

Descendants

Middle English: ore (merged with ōra)
- English: ore
- Scots: ure, uir

Etymology 3

From Proto-West Germanic *airu (“oar”), from Proto-Germanic *airō (“oar”). Cognate with Old Norse ár, Danish åre, Swedish åra.

Noun

ār f

oar

Declension

Strong ō-stem:

More information singular, plural ...

	singular	plural
nominative	ār	āra, āre
accusative	āre	āra, āre
genitive	āre	āra
dative	āre	ārum

Close

Descendants

Middle English: ore, hore, oore, are, aurre (Northern)
- English: oar
- Scots: air

Etymology 4

From Proto-West Germanic *airu (“messenger”), from Proto-Germanic *airuz. Cognate with Old Saxon ēru, Old Norse árr, Gothic 𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌿𐍃 (airus).

Noun

ār m

messenger, herald
- 8^th-11^th century, Beowulf, ll. 335-6:
  Ic eom Hroðgares ar ond ombiht.
  I am Hrothgar's herald and officer.
angel
missionary

Declension

Strong a-stem:

More information singular, plural ...

	singular	plural
nominative	ār	āras
accusative	ār	āras
genitive	āres	āra
dative	āre	ārum

Close

Alternative forms

er

Etymology

from Latin re- (“again”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈaɾ/

Adverb

ar

also
- 13th century CE, Alfonso X of Castile, Cantigas de Santa Maria, Códice de los músicos, cantiga 90 (facsimile):
  
  & ar ſẽ (com)panneira u a de(us) (con)cebiſte
  and also without equal when you conceived God
again
- 13th century CE, Alfonso X of Castile, Cantigas de Santa Maria, Códice de los músicos, cantiga 274 (facsimile):
  
  na obra que leyxara / por fazer ar começou
  (He) started working again on his unfinished work

Descendants

Portuguese: er

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ar/

Etymology 1

From Proto-Celtic *ɸare (“in front of”), from Proto-Indo-European *pr̥h₂í. Cognates include Ancient Greek παραί (paraí, “beside”) and Old English fore (modern English for and fore).

Preposition

ar (with accusative or dative)

for, for the sake of, because of

For quotations using this term, see Citations:ar.

Inflection

More information Person, Normal ...

Person	Normal	Emphatic
1st person sing.	airium, erum, erumm, erom	erumsa
2d person sing.	airiut, aurut, erut, ærut, airut	erutsu
3d sing. masc./neut., dative	airiu
3d sing. masc./neut., accusative	airi
3d sing. fem., dative
3d sing. fem., accusative	airri, airre
1st person pl.	airiund, erunn, erund, erond, eronn, airriun, airund
2d person pl.	airib	airibsi, airiu(i)bsi, eruibsi
3d person pl., dative	airib, airaib
3d person pl., accusative	air(r)iu, err(i)u, erro, erthu, airthiu, airtho	air(r)iusom, err(i)usom

Close

Inflection of ar

Forms combined with the definite article:

masculine/feminine accusative singular: arin
neuter accusative singular: ara
dative singular all genders: arin(d), airind(í)
accusative plural all genders: arna
dative plural all genders: a(i)rnaib

Forms combined with a possessive determiner:

first person singular: armo
third person singular and plural: ara

Form combined with the relative particle: ara

Derived terms

cid ara

Descendants

Irish: ar (conflated with for and íar)

Conjunction

ar

Alternative spelling of air (“for, since”)

Etymology 2

From Proto-Celtic *anserom, from Proto-Indo-European *n̥serōm, from *nos (“we, us”); compare German unser.

Determiner

ar (triggers eclipsis)

our

For quotations using this term, see Citations:ar.

Descendants

Irish: ár
Scottish Gaelic: ar

Etymology 3

From Proto-Celtic *arom, whence also Welsh âr; ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂erh₃- (“to plow”).

Noun

ar n (genitive aire, no plural)

verbal noun of airid: ploughing, tilling
ploughed land, cultivated land

Inflection

More information Neuter o-stem, Singular ...

Neuter o-stem
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ar^N	ar^N	ar^L, ara
Vocative	ar^N	ar^N	ar^L, ara
Accusative	ar^N	ar^N	ar^L, ara
Genitive	air^L	ar	ar^N
Dative	ar^L	araib	araib
Initial mutations of a following adjective: ^H = triggers aspiration ^L = triggers lenition ^N = triggers nasalization

Close

More information Neuter s-stem, Singular ...

Neuter s-stem
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ar^N	ar^N	aire^L
Vocative	ar^N	ar^N	aire^L
Accusative	ar^N	ar^N	aire^L
Genitive	aire^L	aire	aire^N
Dative	air^L	airib	airib
Initial mutations of a following adjective: ^H = triggers aspiration ^L = triggers lenition ^N = triggers nasalization

Close

Derived terms

airem

Descendants

Middle Irish: ar m
- Irish: ar m

Mutation

More information radical, lenition ...

Mutation of ar
radical	lenition	nasalization
ar (pronounced with /h/ in h-prothesis environments)	unchanged	n-ar

Close

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Etymology

From Old Norse ár, from Proto-Germanic *jērą.

Noun

ār n

year

Declension

More information singular, plural ...

neuter	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	ār	ārit	ār	ārin
accusative	ār	ārit	ār	ārin
dative	āri, āre	ārinu, āreno	ārum, ārom	ārumin, āromen
genitive	ārs	ārsins	āra	āranna

Close

Declension of ār (strong a-stem)

Descendants

Swedish: år

**Pnar cardinal numbers**
< 1	2	3 >
Cardinal : ar Ordinal : wa ar

Etymology

From Proto-Khasian *ʔaːr, from Proto-Mon-Khmer *ɓaar. Cognate with Khasi ar, Blang lál, Bahnar ʼbar, Khmer ពីរ (pii), Vietnamese hai, Santali ᱵᱟᱨ (bar).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ʔar/

Numeral

ar

two

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Low German or.

Conjunction

ar

or
Synonym: cĕ

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Low German her.

Adverb

ar

here

Alternative forms

er

References

^{The template Template:R:pox:SejDp does not use the parameter(s): 3=1
Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.}Lehr-Spławiński, T., Polański, K. (1962) “I. ar”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka Drzewian połabskich [Etymological Dictionary of the Polabian Drevani Language] (in Polish), number 1 (A – ďüzd), Wrocław, Warszawa etc.: Ossolineum, page 19
^{The template Template:R:pox:SejDp does not use the parameter(s): 3=1
Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.}Lehr-Spławiński, T., Polański, K. (1962) “II. ar||er”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka Drzewian połabskich [Etymological Dictionary of the Polabian Drevani Language] (in Polish), number 1 (A – ďüzd), Wrocław, Warszawa etc.: Ossolineum, page 19
Polański, Kazimierz, James Allen Sehnert (1967) “ar I.”, in Polabian-English Dictionary, The Hague, Paris: Mouton & Co, page 34
Polański, Kazimierz, James Allen Sehnert (1967) “ar//er II.”, in Polabian-English Dictionary, The Hague, Paris: Mouton & Co, page 34
Olesch, Reinhold (1962) “ar”, in Thesaurus Linguae Dravaenopolabicae [Thesaurus of the Drevani language] (in German), volumes 1: A – O, Cologne, Vienna: Böhlau Verlag, →ISBN, page 7
Olesch, Reinhold (1962) “Err”, in Thesaurus Linguae Dravaenopolabicae [Thesaurus of the Drevani language] (in German), volumes 1: A – O, Cologne, Vienna: Böhlau Verlag, →ISBN, page 266

Polish Wikipedia has an article on:

ar

Wikipedia ^pl

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈar/
Audio: (file)
Rhymes: -ar
Syllabification: ar

Etymology 1

Borrowed from French are.

Noun

ar m inan (abbreviation a)

are (square decametre, 100 m²)

Declension

More information singular, plural ...

	singular	plural
nominative	ar	ary
genitive	ara	arów
dative	arowi	arom
accusative	ar	ary
instrumental	arem	arami
locative	arze	arach
vocative	arze	ary

Close

Declension of ar

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Noun

ar f pl

genitive plural of ara

Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese aar, aire, aere, from Latin āēr, from Ancient Greek ἀήρ (aḗr, “air”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂weh₁- (“to blow”).

Pronunciation

(Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈaʁ/ [ˈah]
- (São Paulo) IPA^(key): /ˈaɾ/
- (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /ˈaʁ/ [ˈaχ]
- (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈaɻ/

(Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈaɾ/
- (Southern Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈa.ɾi/

(Caipira Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈaɹ/
Rhymes: (Portugal, São Paulo) -aɾ, (Portugal) -aʁ
Hyphenation: ar
Audio (São Paulo): (file)

Noun

ar m (plural ares)

air
look, air (aspect)

Quotations

For quotations using this term, see Citations:ar.

Derived terms

Related terms

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ar/

Etymology 1

From older Romanian ară, are, presumably from Latin habēret (for the singular) and habērent (for the plural). See also are.

Verb

(el/ea) ar (modal auxiliary, third-person singular form of avea, used with infinitives to form conditional tenses)

(he/she) would

Verb

(ele/ei) ar (modal auxiliary, third-person plural form of avea, used with infinitives to form conditional tenses)

(they) would

Related terms

Etymology 2

Verb

ar

first-person singular present indicative/subjunctive of ara

Etymology 3

From French are.

Noun

ar m (plural ari)

an are (a unit of area equal to 100 square metres)

Declension

More information singular, plural ...

	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
	singular		plural
nominative-accusative	ar	arul	ari	arii
genitive-dative	ar	arului	ari	arilor
vocative	arule		arilor

Close

Etymology 1

From Old Irish ar. Cognates include Irish ár.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /əɾ (n)/

Determiner

ar (triggers eclipsis)

our
ar n-athair. ― our father.

Tha ar nighean ruadh. ― Our daughter is red-haired.

Tha ar n-oilthigh ùr. ― Our university is new.

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /aɾ/

Verb

ar (defective)

think

Usage notes

Only has the present and past tense, which both have the same form ar.
Always followed by the preposition le or a prepositional pronoun:
ar le mòran nach fhaod seo a bhith ― many thought this can't be

ar leam gun... ― it seems/seemed to me that...

Etymology 3

Adjective

ar (comparative aire)

slow, sluggish

Noun

ar m (Cyrillic spelling ар)

are (square decametre, 100 m²)

Declension

More information singular, plural ...

	singular	plural
nominative	ar	ari
genitive	ara	ara
dative	aru	arima
accusative	ar	are
vocative	are	ari
locative	arom	arima
instrumental	aru	arima

Close

Declension of ar

Swedish Wikipedia has an article on:

ar (ytmått)

Wikipedia ^sv

Etymology 1

Ultimately from Latin area, probably via French are. This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

Noun

ar c or n

are (square decametre, 100 m²)

Declension

More information nominative, genitive ...

Declension of ar
		nominative	genitive
singular	indefinite	ar	ars
singular	definite	aren	arens
plural	indefinite	ar	ars
plural	definite	aren	arens

Close

More information nominative, genitive ...

		nominative	genitive
singular	indefinite	ar	ars
singular	definite	aret	arets
plural	indefinite	ar	ars
plural	definite	aren	arens

Close

Declension of ar

Related terms

hektar

Etymology 2

Ultimately from Proto-Germanic *arô.

Noun

ar m

(dialectal) eagle

References

ar in Svensk ordbok (SO)
ar in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
ar in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)
ar in Svenska Akademiens ordlista över svenska språket (8th ed., 1923)

Etymology

Borrowed from English ar, the English name of the letter R/r.

Pronunciation

(Standard Tagalog) IPA^(key): /ʔaɾ/ [ʔɐɾ]
Rhymes: -aɾ
Syllabification: ar

Noun

ar (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜇ᜔)

the name of the Latin-script letter R/r, in the Filipino alphabet
Synonyms: (in the Abakada alphabet) ra, (in the Abecedario) ere

Anagrams

ra

Etymology 1

From Ottoman Turkish عار (ar), from Arabic عَار (ʕār).

Noun

ar (definite accusative arı, plural arlar)

feeling of shame
- 2023 November 22, Owen Jones, Annwn’da yaşam: Willy jones'un ölümden sonraki hikâyesi (Annwn)‎, Tektime, →ISBN:
  ... pek arsız değil . ” " Evet , tamam . Bazen biraz arsız olsan da bağımsız olmanı daha çok seviyorum . Bana gençliğimizi hatırlatıyorsun ... Ergenlik çağında flört ettiğimiz zamanları . Sende aynı çizgi o zamanlarda vardı ... " " Öyle mi ...
  not very cheeky. ” " Yes , okay . Even though you can be a little cheeky sometimes , I like it more when you are independent . You remind me of our youth ... when we used to flirt in adolescence . You had the same streak back then
- (Can we date this quote?), Mo Yan, İri Memeler ve Geniş Kalçalar (Dünya Edebiyatı)‎, Can Yayınları, →ISBN:
  ... ar kalmamış! Sen onunla birlikteyken eniştesini çalan baldızı oynuyordun, herkesin kitabında bunun utanç verici olduğu yazar!” Ablam bir an şaşırdı, hemen arkasından, “Ana, sen çok değiştin,” dedi. Annem, “Evet, değiştim ama ben yine de ...
  No decency at all! When you were with him, you were playing the sister-in-law who stole his brother-in-law, it is written in everyone's book that this is shameful!” My sister was surprised for a moment, then said, "Mother, you have changed a lot." My mother said, “Yes, I have changed, but I still...

Derived terms

arsız (“shameless”)
arlı (“scrupulous”) (Often in negation, such as "anladım o sana fena davrandı ama sende pek arlı değilsin.)
(I see she treated you meanly, yet you are no angel either)
arsızlık yapmak (“act cheekily”) (or sentence structure "arsızca davranmak")
ar kalmamış (“unscrupulous”) (it is a fixed phrase and in negation only, see quotes.)
arsız köpek (“cheeky bastard”) (vulgar, offensive)

Etymology 2

Borrowed from French are.

Noun

ar (definite accusative arı, plural arlar)

are (unit of area)

Etymology

From Middle Welsh ar, from Old Welsh guar, guor, from Proto-Celtic *uɸer.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ar/

Preposition

ar (triggers soft mutation or h-prothesis if before ugain)

on
about to (with a verbal noun)
- King, Gareth (1993) Modern Welsh: A Comprehensive Grammar (Routledge Grammars), London and New York: Routledge, →ISBN, page 131:
  Brysiwch, mae’r trên ar fynd!
  Hurry up, the train’s about to leave!

Inflection

More information Singular, Plural ...

	Singular	Plural
First person	arnaf	arnom
Second person	arnat	arnoch
Third person	arno m arni f	arnynt

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Personal forms (literary)

More information Singular, Plural ...

	Singular	Plural
First person	arno i/fi, arna i	arnon ni
Second person	arnot ti, arnat ti	arnoch chi
Third person	arno fe/fo m arni hi f	arnyn nhw

Close

Personal forms (colloquial)

Derived terms

Category:Welsh phrasal verbs formed with "ar"

Alternative forms

or

Etymology

From Middle English ar, or; partially contracted from other, auther, from Old English āþor, āwþer, āhwæþer.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ar/, /ɔr/

Conjunction

ar

or
- 1867, “CASTEALE CUDDE'S LAMENTATION”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 4, page 104:
  Ar aany noor dhing at woode comfoort mee,
  Or any other thing that would comfort me,
- 1867, “ABOUT AN OLD SOW GOING TO BE KILLED”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 2, page 106:
  Gooude var nat oan dhing, niether treesh ar thraame;
  Good for not one thing; neither for the trace, nor the car.
- 1867, “ABOUT AN OLD SOW GOING TO BE KILLED”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 3, page 106:
  Ich woode be pitcht ee kurkeen, ar zippeen, to a coolaan.
  I would be poked into the mow or the stack up to the back of my head.

References

Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828) William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, published 1867, page 104

[1] [1]
Jungg, G. (1895) “aar”, in Fialuur i voghel sccȣp e ltinisct [Small Albanian–Italian dictionary], page 1

[2] [2]
Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “ar”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 7

[3] [3]
Topalli, K. (2017) “ar”, in Fjalor Etimologjik i Gjuhës Shqipe, Durrës, Albania: Jozef, page 111

[4] [4]
“ar”, in FGJSH: Fjalor i gjuhës shqipe [Dictionary of the Albanian language] (in Albanian), 2006

[5] [5]
“ar”, in FGJSH: Fjalor i gjuhës shqipe [Dictionary of the Albanian language] (in Albanian), 2006

[6] [1]
Jiří Rejzek (2007) “ar”, in Český etymologický slovník (in Czech), Leda

[7] [1]
Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, page 100

[8] [1]
Derksen, Rick (2015) “ar”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 59

[9] [2]
Vytautas Ambrazas (2006) Lithuanian Grammar, 2nd revised edition, →ISBN, pages 400, 428, 597, 712–713

[10] [1]
https://www.dex.ro/ara

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	Singular		Plural
	+ C	+ V	+ C	+ V
First person	mo^L	m'	ar	ar^N
Second person	do^L	d'	ur	ur^N
Third person m	a^L	—	an, am¹⁾	an
Third person f	a	a^H	an, am¹⁾	an
^L Triggers lenition; ^H Triggers H-prothesis; ^N Triggers eclipsis; ¹⁾ Used before b-, f-, m- or p-

Etymology

Symbol

See also

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Noun

Derived terms

Descendants

Translations

See also

Etymology 2

Interjection

Derived terms

Particle

Etymology 3

Verb

Etymology 4

Particle

Anagrams

Noun

Alternative forms

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Noun

Declension

Derived terms

Adjective

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Noun

Declension

References

Alternative forms

Etymology

Verb

Related terms

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Declension

Synonyms

Derived terms

Pronunciation

Noun

Declension

Article

See also

Determiner

Related terms

Etymology 1

Noun

Alternative forms

References

Etymology 2

Pronoun

References

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Declension

Related terms

References

Further reading

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Noun

Inflection

Derived terms

Verb

Etymology 2

Noun

Inflection

Further reading

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Adjective

Derived terms

Etymology 2

Noun

Related terms