al

Etymology

A grammaticalization of ahal.^[1]

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /al/ [al]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -al
• Hyphenation: al

Particle

al

1. Used to form yes/no questions.

   Esan al diozu? ― Did you tell her?

References

Further reading

• “al”, in Euskaltzaindiaren Hiztegia [Dictionary of the Basque Academy], Euskaltzaindia
• “al”, in Orotariko Euskal Hiztegia [General Basque Dictionary], Euskaltzaindia, 1987–2005

Article

al

1. the

Pronunciation

• (Central) IPA^(key): /əl/, [əɫ]
  • Homophone: el
• (Valencia) IPA^(key): /al/

Contraction

al m sg

1. Contraction of a el (“at the; to the”).

   Vaig al zoo. ― I go to the zoo.

Adjective

al

1. vermeil

Etymology

From Old Norse allr (“all”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /al/, [ˈælˀ]

Pronoun

al (neuter alt, plural alle)

1. all
2. any

Etymology

From Middle Dutch al, from Old Dutch al, from Proto-West Germanic *all.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɑl/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: al
• Rhymes: -ɑl

Determiner

al

1. all, all of

   Heb je al het bier opgedronken? ― Did you drink all the beer?

   Van Gogh produceerde al zijn werk gedurende een periode van slechts tien jaar. ― Van Gogh produced all of his work during a period of only ten years.

   Alle olie is uit de tanker gelekt. ― All the oil has leaked out of the tanker.

   Niet alle mensen zijn zo gemeen. ― Not all people are that mean.

Adverb

al

1. already

   Het is al negen uur. ― It's 9 o'clock already.

2. yet

   Heb je al een kip gekocht? ― Have you bought a chicken yet?

3. (obsolete, today only in fixed phrases and compounds) emphatic modifier of adverbs

Conjunction

al

1. even if

   Synonym: ook al

   Al zou ik het willen... ― Even if I wanted to...

Anagrams

• la

Etymology

From Latin ille (“that”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /al/
• Hyphenation: al

Pronoun

al (personal)

1. (nominative case) he
2. (accusative case) him

Verb

al

1. to speak

Etymology

Likely from Italian al, Catalan al, and Spanish al.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [al]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: al

Preposition

al

1. to; toward
2. to (indicates indirect object)

   Ŝi donis la libron al siaj gepatroj. ― She gave the book to her (own) parents.

Adjective

al

1. vermeil

Etymology 1

From Old Galician-Portuguese al, from Vulgar Latin *ale, from Latin aliud, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂élyos.

Etymology 2

From Leonese al.

References

• Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “al”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “al”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega

Etymology

Contraction of French ale, from French aller.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /al/

Verb

al

1. to go

   Synonym: ale

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /a˥˥/

Interjection

al

1. showing surpise, or admiration

   Al! Aqqoq aqda/aqma!

   Oh! What a great man/woman!

   Al, zaqqul al!

   Oh, how beautiful it is!

Particle

al

1. indication completion of action

   zaq al ― finished eating

2. used with negative sentence

   Maq beq sso al

   Never mind

Etymology

From Proto-Uralic *ëla (“space, area under something, under(neath), the lower (part)”). (Spelled *ala in Uralonet.) Originally it was a noun; today it is used in compound words, see al-.^[1] Cognate with Finnish ala, ala-, Erzya ало (alo).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈɒl]

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

al

1. (archaic, rare) lower part of something

References

Further reading

• al in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
• al in Nóra Ittzés, editor, A magyar nyelv nagyszótára [A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (Nszt.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published a–ez as of 2024).

Noun

al

1. indefinite accusative/dative singular of alur

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /al/

Preposition

al

1. Contraction of a la (“to the”).

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *alla. Cognates include Finnish alla and Estonian all.

In the sense "near", semantic loan from Russian под (pod).

Pronunciation

• (Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /ˈɑlːɑ/, [ˈɑɫː]
• (Soikkola) IPA^(key): /ˈɑl/, [ˈɑɫ]
• (Hevaha) IPA^(key): /ˈɑl/, [ˈɑɫ]
• Rhymes: -ɑlː, -ɑl
• Hyphenation: al
• Homophone: alle

Adverb

al

1. (of location) under, underneath
   • 1937, D. I. Efimov, Lukukirja: Inkeroisia alkușkouluja vart (toin osa), Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 53:

     Präkkää jää i paukkaa,
     vesi ono al.

     The ice crackles and bangs,
     Water is under it.

   • 1937, V. A. Tetjurev, translated by N. I. Molotsova, Loonnontiito (ensimäin osa): oppikirja alkușkoulun kolmatta klaassaa vart, Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-Pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 7:

     Kons șommela vesi seisohtaijaa, ni klaziputelin pohjaa jääpi kaks sloijaa: al — liiva, a sen pääl — savi.

     When the cloudy water settles down, two layers will remain on the bottom of the glass bottle: beneath - sand, and above it - clay.

Postposition

al (+ genitive)

1. (of location) under, underneath
   • 1936, V. I. Junus, Iƶoran Keelen Grammatikka‎, Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 135:

     Aitan al ellää kärppä.

     Under the storehouse lives a stoat.

   • 1936, D. I. Efimov, Lukukirja: Inkeroisia alkușkouluja vart (ensimäine osa), Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 11:

     Jään al hänel ei oo kylmä.

     Under the ice they aren't cold.

2. (of location) near, around
   • 1936, L. G. Terehova, V. G. Erdeli, translated by Mihailov and P. I. Maksimov, Geografia: oppikirja iƶoroin alkușkoulun kolmatta klaassaa vart (ensimäine osa), Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-Pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 77:

     Talvi Moskovan al on pitkä, melkeen 5 kuuta.

     Winter around Moscow is long, almost 5 months.

References

• V. I. Junus (1936) Iƶoran Keelen Grammatikka‎, Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 135
• Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 10
• Arvo Laanest (1997) Isuri keele Hevaha murde sõnastik, Eesti Keele Instituut, page 18
• Olga I. Konkova, Nikita A. Dyachkov (2014) Inkeroin Keel: Пособие по Ижорскому Языку‎, →ISBN, page 33

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /al/

Preposition

al

1. Contraction of a le (“to the”).

Contraction

al

1. Contraction of a el (“at the”).
   • 1877, Antonio Ive, Canti popolari istriani: raccolti a Rovigno, volume 5, Ermanno Loescher, page 40:

     Che mai pioûn biela duon i’iê veisto al mondo,

     That I haven’t ever seen a more beautiful woman in the world,

Alternative forms

• all' (before a vowel)
• allo (before a cluster of two consonants other than cl, cr, pl, pr, fl, fr, tr)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /al/
• Rhymes: -al
• Hyphenation: al

Contraction

al

1. Contraction of a il (“to the, at the”).

Preposition

al m (feminine all' or alla)

1. (cooking, in the singular) with (an ingredient)

   Synonym: con

   risotto al pecorino ― rice with pecorino cheese

   risotto allo zafferano ― rice with saffron

   pasta all'aglio ― pasta with garlic

Anagrams

• -la, La, la, là

Adjective

al

1. heavy

Contraction

al m sg

1. Contraction of a l (“at/to the”).

Etymology

From Old High German ald, northern variant of alt, from Proto-Germanic *aldaz. Cognate with German alt, English old, Dutch oud, West Frisian âld.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /aːl/
  • Rhymes: -aːl

• Audio:

  (file)

Adjective

al (masculine alen, neuter aalt, comparative méi al or eeler, superlative am eelsten)

1. old, aged

   Antonym: jonk

   Vun ale Mënsche kann ee villes léieren. ― There’s a lot to learn from old people.

2. (of food) stale

   Antonym: frësch

   Dat aalt Brout kënne mer de Vulle ginn. ― We can give the stale bread to the birds.

Pronoun

al

1. you (personal pronoun)

Verb

al

1. Medial form of ale

Etymology

From Proto-Nahuan *aatl, from Proto-Uto-Aztecan *pa.

Noun

al

1. water

Etymology

From Old Dutch al, from Proto-Germanic *allaz.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /al/

Determiner

al

1. all, all of

Adverb

al

1. completely

Conjunction

al

1. even though, no matter whether

Further reading

• “al (II)”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
• “al (III)”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
• “al (V)”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
• Verwijs, E., Verdam, J. (1885–1929) “al (I)”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN, page I
• Verwijs, E., Verdam, J. (1885–1929) “al (II)”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN, page II
• Verwijs, E., Verdam, J. (1885–1929) “al (IV)”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN, page IV

Adverb

al

1. Alternative form of all
   • 14th c. Geoffrey Chaucer, The Canterbury Tales. General Prologue:

     And smale foweles maken melodye,
     That slepen al the nyght with open eye-
     (So priketh hem Nature in hir corages);

     And many little birds make melody
     That sleep through all the night with open eye
     (So Nature pricks them on to ramp and rage)

Determiner

al

1. Alternative form of all
   • 1407, The Testimony of William Thorpe, pages 40–41:

     And therwith he was named, as I gesse worthili, a passing reuli man and an innocent in al his lyuynge.

     And with this he was named, as I believe worthily, an excellent ruly and innocent man in all his living.

Etymology

From Proto-Oceanic *jalan (“path, road”), from Proto-Austronesian *zalan (“path, way”)

Noun

al (third person singularly possessed aloa, construct alen)

1. line
2. road, path, way

Verb

al

1. (intransitive) to line, draw lines

References

• Harrison, Sheldon P., Mokilese-English Dictionary, University of Hawaii Press 1977

External links

• Blust's Austronesian Comparative Dictionary – *zalan

Alternative forms

• alî m

Etymology

Doublet of yar, see alî for more.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɑːl/
• Rhymes: -al

Noun

al f (Arabic spelling ئال)

1. (archaic, dialectal) side

Etymology 1

From ala (“to foster, breed”).

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

References

• “al” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Pronunciation

• Audio (Languedoc):

  (file)

Contraction

al m sg

1. Contraction of a lo (“to the; at the”).

Noun

al

1. war

Alternative forms

• ol

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *all. Cognates include Old High German al and Old Saxon al.

Adjective

al

1. all, every
   • 11th century, Hebban olla vogala:

     Hebban olla vogala nestas hagunnan

     All birds have started to build their nests

2. whole, entire
   • 10th century, Wachtendonck Psalms:

     An allero erthon fuor luit.

     Over the entire world the sound spread.

Adverb

al

1. completely, wholly
   • ca. 1100, Leiden Willeram:

     Sin buch is elphondbeinin, al underskeithet mit saphiris.

     His stomach is of ivory, wholly decorated with sapphires.

Conjunction

al

1. even though
   • ca. 1200, Rhinelandic Rhyming Bible:

     Ire beider sculde waren grozlich, al newæren sie nieht gelich.

     Both their debts were great, even though they weren't equal.

Further reading

• “al (II)”, in Oudnederlands Woordenboek, 2012
• “al (III)”, in Oudnederlands Woordenboek, 2012
• “al (IV)”, in Oudnederlands Woordenboek, 2012

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *ail, from Proto-Germanic *ailą, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éydʰ-lom, from *h₂eydʰ- (“to burn, kindle”).^[1]

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɑːl/

Noun

āl n

1. fire

References

Alternative forms

• au

Contraction

al

1. Contraction of a le (“to the”).

Alternative forms

• alle, ol

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *all, from Proto-Germanic *allaz. Cognate with Old English eall, Old Saxon all, Old Dutch al, Old High German al, Old Norse allr.

Adjective

al

1. all

Adverb

al

1. wholly, completely

Alternative forms

• all

Etymology 1

From Proto-West Germanic *all, from Proto-Germanic *allaz.

Etymology 2

From Proto-West Germanic *āl, whence also Old English ǣl, Old Norse áll.

References

• Joseph Wright, An Old High German Primer

Noun

al

1. indefinite accusative/dative singular of alr

Verb

al

1. second-person singular active imperative of ala

Alternative forms

• all

Etymology 1

From Proto-West Germanic *all, from Proto-Germanic *allaz.

Etymology 2

From Proto-Germanic *ēlaz. Cognate with Old English ǣl, Dutch aal, Old High German āl (German Aal), Old Norse áll (Danish and Swedish ål).

Etymology

From Old Norse áll, from Proto-Germanic *ēlaz.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /aːl/

Noun

āl m

1. eel

Etymology 1

From Old French.

Etymology 2

From Old French, from Latin allium.

Etymology

Borrowed from Middle Low German al.

Adverb

al

1. already
   • 1725, Johann Parum Schultze, Die Wendländische Bauernchronik

     jong al no zartjü

     Ją al no carťėv

     He is already at the cemetery.

References

• The template Template:R:pox:SejDp does not use the parameter(s):

  3=1

  Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.Lehr-Spławiński, T., Polański, K. (1962) “al”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka Drzewian połabskich [Etymological Dictionary of the Polabian Drevani Language] (in Polish), number 1 (A – ďüzd), Wrocław, Warszawa etc.: Ossolineum, page 17
• Polański, Kazimierz, James Allen Sehnert (1967) “al”, in Polabian-English Dictionary, The Hague, Paris: Mouton & Co, page 34
• Olesch, Reinhold (1962) “al”, in Thesaurus Linguae Dravaenopolabicae [Thesaurus of the Drevani language] (in German), volumes 1: A – O, Cologne, Vienna: Böhlau Verlag, →ISBN, page 3

Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese al, from Vulgar Latin *ale, from Latin aliud, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂élyos.

Pronunciation

• Hyphenation: al

Pronoun

al

1. (obsolete) everything, the rest

   Synonym: o resto

2. (obsolete) other, another

   Synonym: outro

Etymology

Inherited from Latin illum, from ille.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /al/

Article

al m or n sg (feminine singular a, masculine plural ai, feminine/neuter plural ale)

1. of (masculine/neuter singular possessive or genitive article)

   el este un prieten al meu ― he is a friend of mine.

Etymology

From Old Frisian all, from Proto-West Germanic *all. Cognates include West Frisian al and Dutch al.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /al/
• Hyphenation: al
• Rhymes: -al

Adverb

al

1. already

References

• Marron C. Fort (2015) “al”, in Saterfriesisches Wörterbuch mit einer phonologischen und grammatischen Übersicht, Buske, →ISBN

Etymology

Borrowed from German Aal.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈal/
• Rhymes: -al
• Syllabification: al

Noun

al m animal

1. eel

Further reading

• Barbara Podgórska, Adam Podgóski (2008) “al”, in Słownik gwar śląskich [A dictionary of Silesian lects], Katowice: Wydawnictwo KOS, →ISBN, page 25

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /al/

Noun

al

1. Sun

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /al/ [al]

• Audio (Colombia):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -al
• Syllabification: al

Contraction

al

1. Contraction of a el (“at the, to the”).

Further reading

• “al”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
• “al” in Diccionario panhispánico de dudas, segunda edición, Real Academia Española, 2023. →ISBN

Anagrams

• la

Noun

al

1. a tree species of the family Combretaceae, Terminalia impediens

Further reading

• Coode, M. J. E. (1969) “Four new species of Terminalia L. (Combretaceae) from Melanesia”, in Kew Bulletin, volume 23, number 2, →DOI, page 308

Romanization

al

1. Romanization of 𒀠 (al)

Etymology

From Old Swedish al, from Old Norse ǫlr (compare Icelandic elri, Danish el, Norwegian older), from Proto-Germanic *aluz, *alusō (compare English alder), variant of *alizō, *alisō (compare Dutch els, German Erle), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂élisos.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɑːl/

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

al c

1. alder (tree)

Further reading

• al in Svenska Akademiens ordböcker
• al in Elof Hellquist, Svensk etymologisk ordbok (1st ed., 1922)

Anagrams

• l:a, la

Adjective

al

1. Latin spelling of ал (al)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɑɫ/ [ˈɑɫ̪]

Etymology 1

From Ottoman Turkish آل (al), from Proto-Turkic *āl (“red, crimson”). Cognate with Old Turkic 𐰞 (āl) and akin to Proto-Tungusic *pula (“red”) and Proto-Mongolic *hulaxan (“red”)

Etymology 2

From Proto-Turkic *āl (“trick, deceit; to deceive”).

Etymology 3

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Adjective

al (comparative ?, superlative iň al)

1. pink

Preposition

al

1. to the
2. at the

Article

al m sg

1. (Belluno) Alternative form of el

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *alla; related to Finnish alla.

Postposition

al

1. under, underneath (stationary location)

References

• Zajceva, N. G., Mullonen, M. I. (2007) “под”, in Uz’ venä-vepsläine vajehnik / Novyj russko-vepsskij slovarʹ [New Russian–Veps Dictionary]‎, Petrozavodsk: Periodika

Etymology

Borrowed from German all and English all.

Adjective

al

1. each
2. every

Noun

al

1. water

References

• Papers from the Fourth International Conference on Austronesian Linguistics: FOCAL II (1986)
• Blust, Austronesian Comparative Dictionary

Adverb

al

1. already

Etymology

From Old Frisian all, from Proto-West Germanic *all. Cognate with English all.

Determiner

al

1. all

Adverb

al

1. already

Pronoun

al

1. Alternative form of aul
   • 1927, “PAUDEEN FOUGHLAAN'S WEDDEEN”, in THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, page 133, line 18:

     An smithered hays videl, bow, strings an al;

     And smashed his fiddle, bow, strings and all;

References

• Kathleen A. Browne (1927) The Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland Sixth Series, Vol.17 No.2, Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland, page 133