rok
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
English
Noun
rok (plural roks)
- Alternative form of roc
Anagrams
Afrikaans
Etymology
From Dutch rok, from Middle Dutch roc, from Old Dutch rok, from Proto-Germanic *rukkaz.
Pronunciation
Noun
rok (plural rokke, diminutive rokkie)
- A dress.
Descendants
Breton
Etymology
Related to Irish rucas (“pride, arrogance”). Possibly borrowed into English as rogue.[1]
Adjective
rok
References
- Walter W[illiam] Skeat (1910) “ROGUE”, in An Etymological Dictionary of the English Language, new (4th) revised and enlarged edition, Oxford, Oxfordshire: At the Clarendon Press, published 1963, →OCLC.
Czech
Etymology
Inherited from Old Czech rok, from Proto-Slavic *rokъ.
Pronunciation
Noun
rok m inan
- year, the time it takes a planetary body to complete one revolution around a star
- (sciences) year, exactly 365.25 days
- Synonym: léto
- year, a period between set dates that denotes a year
- Synonym: kalendářní rok
- v tomto roce ― this year
- year, a scheduled part of a year spent in a given activity
Declension
More information singular, plural ...
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | rok | roky |
| genitive | roka, roku | roků |
| dative | roku | rokům |
| accusative | rok | roky |
| vocative | roku | roky |
| locative | roku, roce | rocích |
| instrumental | rokem | roky |
Close
Declension of rok (velar masculine inanimate)
Derived terms
- finanční rok
- kalendářní rok
- přestupný rok
- ročenka
- roční
- ročník
- školní rok
See also
Further reading
Danish
Etymology
Noun
rok
Derived terms
- håndrok, spinderok
Dinka
Dutch
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
From Middle Dutch roc, from Old Dutch rok, from Proto-West Germanic *(h)rokk, from Proto-Germanic *rukkaz.
Noun
rok m (plural rokken, diminutive rokje n)
- skirt (clothing)
- full dress, white tie (formal clothing)
- layer on a bulb such as an onion
- (chiefly historical, otherwise archaic) garment covering the torso
Derived terms
- borstrok
- hoepelrok
- kokerrok
- lijfrok
- maxirok
- midirok
- minirok
- onderrok
- plissérok
- plooirok
- potloodrok
- rokjesdag
- rokkenjager
- wapenrok
- zwartrok
Descendants
Etymology 2
Noun
rok m (plural rokken, diminutive rokje n)
- Alternative form of rokken
Finnish
Etymology
Pronunciation
Noun
rok
- roc (mythical bird)
Usage notes
- Often used in the form rok-lintu (“roc-bird”).
Declension
More information nominative, genitive ...
| Inflection of rok (Kotus type 5/risti, no gradation) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | rok | rokit | |
| genitive | rokin | rokien | |
| partitive | rokia | rokeja | |
| illative | rokiin | rokeihin | |
| singular | plural | ||
| nominative | rok | rokit | |
| accusative | nom. | rok | rokit |
| gen. | rokin | ||
| genitive | rokin | rokien | |
| partitive | rokia | rokeja | |
| inessive | rokissa | rokeissa | |
| elative | rokista | rokeista | |
| illative | rokiin | rokeihin | |
| adessive | rokilla | rokeilla | |
| ablative | rokilta | rokeilta | |
| allative | rokille | rokeille | |
| essive | rokina | rokeina | |
| translative | rokiksi | rokeiksi | |
| abessive | rokitta | rokeitta | |
| instructive | — | rokein | |
| comitative | See the possessive forms below. | ||
Close
More information first-person singular possessor, singular ...
| Possessive forms of rok (Kotus type 5/risti, no gradation) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Derived terms
(compounds):
Icelandic
Etymology
Related to rjúka (“to emit smoke, rush”); see there for more.[1]
Pronunciation
Noun
rok n (genitive singular roks, nominative plural rok)
Declension
More information singular, plural ...
| singular | plural | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| indefinite | definite | indefinite | definite | |
| nominative | rok | rokið | rok | rokin |
| accusative | rok | rokið | rok | rokin |
| dative | roki | rokinu | rokum | rokunum |
| genitive | roks | roksins | roka | rokanna |
Close
Declension of rok (neuter)
References
- Ásgeir Blöndal Magnússon (1989) “rok”, in Íslensk orðsifjabók, Reykjavík: Árni Magnússon Institute for Icelandic Studies, →ISBN (Available at Málið.is under the “Eldri orðabækur” tab.)
Further reading
- “rok” in the Dictionary of Modern Icelandic (in Icelandic) and ISLEX (in the Nordic languages)
Indonesian
Etymology 1
From Dutch rok, from Middle Dutch roc, from Old Dutch rok, from Proto-Germanic *rukkaz.
Pronunciation
Noun
rok
- skirt (clothing)
- full dress, white tie (formal clothing)
Derived terms
- rok asimetris
- rok balerina
- rok balet
- rok balon
- rok berulas
- rok celana
- rok dalam
- rok duyung
- rok kerut
- rok ketat
- rok landung
- rok lilit
- rok lipat
- rok lonceng
- rok lurus
- rok maksi
- rok midi
- rok mini
- rok pantai
- rok pias
- rok rimpel
- rok sarung
- rok sepan
- rok Skotlandia
- rok terompet
- rok tulip
Etymology 2
Pronunciation
Noun
rok
Further reading
- “rok” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
Kashubian
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *rokъ.
Pronunciation
Noun
rok m inan
- year (calendar year)
- year (group of people belonging to the same calendar year of typically educational events)
Declension
More information singular, plural ...
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | rok | lata |
| genitive | rokù | lat |
| dative | rokòwi | latóm |
| accusative | rok | lata |
| instrumental | rokã | latama |
| locative | rokù | latach |
| vocative | rokù | lata |
Close
Further reading
- Stefan Ramułt (1893) “rok”, in Słownik języka pomorskiego czyli kaszubskiego (in Kashubian), page 182
- Eùgeniusz Gòłąbk (2011) “rok”, in Słownik Polsko-Kaszubski / Słowôrz Pòlskò-Kaszëbsczi, volume 2, page 815
- “rok”, in Internetowi Słowôrz Kaszëbsczégò Jãzëka [Internet Dictionary of the Kashubian Language], Fundacja Kaszuby, 2022
Latvian
Verb
rok
- third-person singular/plural present indicative of rakt
- (with the particle lai) third-person singular imperative of rakt
- (with the particle lai) third-person plural imperative of rakt
Livonian
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *rokka, from Proto-Finno-Ugric *rokka. Cognates include Finnish rokka.
Noun
rok
Maranao
Noun
rok
Related terms
- roh (“spirit”)
References
- A Maranao Dictionary, by Howard P. McKaughan and Batua A. Macaraya
Norwegian Bokmål
Noun
rok n (definite singular roket, indefinite plural rok, definite plural roka or rokene)
- form removed with the spelling reform of 2005; superseded by rokk
Norwegian Nynorsk
Old Czech
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *rokъ.
Pronunciation
Noun
rok m inan
Declension
More information singular, dual ...
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | rok | roky | roci, rokové |
| genitive | roka, roku | rokú | rokóv |
| dative | roku | rokoma | rokóm |
| accusative | rok | roky | roky |
| vocative | roče | roky | roci, rokové |
| locative | rocě, roku | rokú | rociech |
| instrumental | rokem | rokoma | roky |
Close
Declension of rok (hard o-stem)
This table shows the most common forms around the 13th century.
See also Appendix:Old Czech nouns and Appendix:Old Czech pronunciation.
See also Appendix:Old Czech nouns and Appendix:Old Czech pronunciation.
Descendants
- Czech: rok
References
- Jan Gebauer (1903–1916) “rok”, in Slovník staročeský (in Czech), Prague: Česká grafická společnost "unie", Česká akademie císaře Františka Josefa pro vědy, slovesnost a umění
Old Polish
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *rokъ. First attested in the 14th century.
Pronunciation
Noun
rok m inan
Declension
This noun needs an inflection-table template.
Derived terms
(adjective):
(adverb):
- rocznie
(nouns):
(verb):
- roczyć impf
Descendants
References
- B. Sieradzka-Baziur, Ewa Deptuchowa, Joanna Duska, Mariusz Frodyma, Beata Hejmo, Dorota Janeczko, Katarzyna Jasińska, Krystyna Kajtoch, Joanna Kozioł, Marian Kucała, Dorota Mika, Gabriela Niemiec, Urszula Poprawska, Elżbieta Supranowicz, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, Piotr Szpor, Bartłomiej Borek, editors (2011–2015), “rok”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN
Old Saxon
Etymology
From Proto-West Germanic *rauki, from Proto-Germanic *raukiz, whence also Old English rēc, Old Frisian rēk, Old Dutch rouc, Old High German rouh, Old Norse reykr.
Noun
rōk m
Descendants
- Middle Low German: rōk
- Low German: Röök
Polish
Etymology
Inherited from Old Polish rok.
Pronunciation
Audio: (file) - Rhymes: -ɔk
- Syllabification: rok
- Homophones: rock, Rok
Noun
rok m inan (diminutive roczek)
- year (solar year)
- (by extension, astronomy) year (time it takes for any planet to orbit its star)
- year (calendar year)
- year (scheduled part of a calendar year spent in a specific activity)
- year (group of people belonging to the same calendar year of typically educational events)
- (obsolete, law) court case
- (obsolete) engagement, betrothal
- (Middle Polish) indiscriminate length of time
- (Middle Polish) age of a being
- Synonym: wiek
- (Middle Polish) agreed upon length of time for work or employment
- (Middle Polish) time set aside for performing a task
Declension
More information singular, plural ...
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | rok | lata |
| genitive | roku | lat |
| dative | rokowi | latom |
| accusative | rok | lata |
| instrumental | rokiem | latami |
| locative | roku | latach |
| vocative | roku | lata |
Close
Declension of rok
Declension
More information singular, plural ...
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | rok | roki |
| genitive | roku | roków |
| dative | rokowi | rokom |
| accusative | rok | roki |
| instrumental | rokiem | rokami |
| locative | roku | rokach |
| vocative | roku | roki |
Close
Declension of rok
Derived terms
(adjectives):
(adverbs):
- jak rok długi
- rocznicowo
- rocznikowo
- rok w rok
- z roku na rok
(interjection):
(nouns):
- Nowy Rok
- pora roku
- (obsolete) roczba
- (archaic) roczeń
- roczniaczek
- (Middle Polish) roczniaczka
- roczniak
- rocznica
- rocznie
- rocznik
- rocznikarstwo
- rocznikarz
- (obsolete) rocznokrąg
- roczność
- (obsolete) roczyć
- (Middle Polish) roczyny
- (Middle Polish) roczyzna
- rok akademicki
- rok Pański
- rok przestępny
- rok szkolny
- rok świetlny
- rok zerowy
(verbs):
- rokować impf
- zostawać na drugi rok impf, zostać na drugi rok pf
Related terms
(verb):
- rzec impf
Trivia
According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), rok is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 209 times in scientific texts, 413 times in news, 297 times in essays, 53 times in fiction, and 53 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 1025 times, making it the 28th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.[1]
References
Further reading
- rok in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- rok in Polish dictionaries at PWN
- Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “rok”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
- “ROK”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 06.10.2016
- Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “rok”, in Słownik języka polskiego
- Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “rok”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
- J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1912), “rok”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 5, Warsaw, page 555
- rok in Narodowy Fotokorpus Języka Polskiego
Serbo-Croatian
Etymology 1
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *rokъ.
Noun
rȍk m (Cyrillic spelling ро̏к)
Declension
More information singular, plural ...
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | rȍk | ròkovi |
| genitive | roka | rokova |
| dative | roku | rokovima |
| accusative | rok | rokove |
| vocative | roče | rokovi |
| locative | roku | rokovima |
| instrumental | rokom | rokovima |
Close
Declension of rok
Further reading
- “rok”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025
Etymology 2
Noun
rȍk m (Cyrillic spelling ро̏к)
- (uninflected) rock and roll
Further reading
- “rok”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025
Silesian
Slovak
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *rokъ.
Pronunciation
Noun
rok m inan (relational adjective ročný)
- year
- Nový rok ― New Year's Day
- roku Pána ― anno Domini
Declension
More information singular, plural ...
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | rok | roky |
| genitive | roka, roku | rokov |
| dative | roku | rokom |
| accusative | rok | roky |
| locative | roku | rokoch |
| instrumental | rokom | rokmi |
Close
Declension of rok (pattern dub)
Derived terms
Further reading
- “rok”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2025
Slovene
Etymology 1
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Noun
rok (rôk)
Etymology 2
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *rokъ.
Noun
rok (rók)
Further reading
- “rok”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran
- “rok”, in Termania, Amebis
- See also the general references
Ternate
Etymology
From Dutch rok, possibly through Indonesian rok, from Middle Dutch roc, from Old Dutch rok, from Proto-Germanic *rukkaz.
Pronunciation
Noun
rok
- a skirt
References
- Rika Hayami-Allen (2001) A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh
Veps
Etymology 1
From Proto-Finnic *rokko. Cognates include Finnish rokko.
Noun
rok
- pox (disease)
Declension
More information Inflection of (inflection type 1/ilo), nominative sing. ...
| Inflection of rok (inflection type 1/ilo) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative sing. | rok | ||
| genitive sing. | rokon | ||
| partitive sing. | rokod | ||
| partitive plur. | rokoid | ||
| singular | plural | ||
| nominative | rok | rokod | |
| accusative | rokon | rokod | |
| genitive | rokon | rokoiden | |
| partitive | rokod | rokoid | |
| essive-instructive | rokon | rokoin | |
| translative | rokoks | rokoikš | |
| inessive | rokos | rokoiš | |
| elative | rokospäi | rokoišpäi | |
| illative | rokoho | rokoihe | |
| adessive | rokol | rokoil | |
| ablative | rokolpäi | rokoilpäi | |
| allative | rokole | rokoile | |
| abessive | rokota | rokoita | |
| comitative | rokonke | rokoidenke | |
| prolative | rokodme | rokoidme | |
| approximative I | rokonno | rokoidenno | |
| approximative II | rokonnoks | rokoidennoks | |
| egressive | rokonnopäi | rokoidennopäi | |
| terminative I | rokohosai | rokoihesai | |
| terminative II | rokolesai | rokoilesai | |
| terminative III | rokossai | — | |
| additive I | rokohopäi | rokoihepäi | |
| additive II | rokolepäi | rokoilepäi | |
Close
Etymology 2
From Proto-Finnic *rokka.
Noun
rok
Declension
More information Inflection of (inflection type 6/kuva), nominative sing. ...
| Inflection of rok (inflection type 6/kuva) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative sing. | rok | ||
| genitive sing. | rokan | ||
| partitive sing. | rokad | ||
| partitive plur. | rokid | ||
| singular | plural | ||
| nominative | rok | rokad | |
| accusative | rokan | rokad | |
| genitive | rokan | rokiden | |
| partitive | rokad | rokid | |
| essive-instructive | rokan | rokin | |
| translative | rokaks | rokikš | |
| inessive | rokas | rokiš | |
| elative | rokaspäi | rokišpäi | |
| illative | rokaha | rokihe | |
| adessive | rokal | rokil | |
| ablative | rokalpäi | rokilpäi | |
| allative | rokale | rokile | |
| abessive | rokata | rokita | |
| comitative | rokanke | rokidenke | |
| prolative | rokadme | rokidme | |
| approximative I | rokanno | rokidenno | |
| approximative II | rokannoks | rokidennoks | |
| egressive | rokannopäi | rokidennopäi | |
| terminative I | rokahasai | rokihesai | |
| terminative II | rokalesai | rokilesai | |
| terminative III | rokassai | — | |
| additive I | rokahapäi | rokihepäi | |
| additive II | rokalepäi | rokilepäi | |
Close
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