burg

Etymology

Possibly borrowed from Late Latin burgus (“fortress, watchtower”),^[1] perhaps ultimately from Proto-Germanic *burgz (“fortress”),^[2] or possibly borrowed from Ancient Greek πύργος (púrgos, “watchtower, fortress”),^[3] although this is difficult given the initial b- in Albanian.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [buɹɡ]

Noun

burg m (plural burgje, definite burgu, definite plural burgjet)

1. jail, prison

   Synonyms: hapsane f, haps m, quzë f, quar m

References

Further reading

• Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “burg”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 42
• Bardhi, Frang (1635) Dictionarium Latino Epiroticum (overall work in Latin and Albanian), page 10: “carcer — burgh”

Etymology

Borrowed from Late Latin burgus, from Frankish *burg (“fortress”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic) [ˈburk]
• IPA^(key): (Valencia) [ˈbuɾk]

Noun

burg m (plural burgs)

1. (historical) a fortified settlement, fortress
2. (historical) the outskirts of a city, suburbs

   Synonym: ravals

Further reading

• “burg” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /bʏrx/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: burg
• Rhymes: -ʏrx

Noun

burg f (plural burgen, diminutive burgje n)

1. Alternative form of burcht, now rarely used outside names

Noun

burg m (genitive singular buirg, nominative plural buirg)

1. Alternative form of buirg (“borough”)

Mutation

Further reading

• Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “burg”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
• de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1959) “burg”, in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm
• “burg”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013-2025

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *burg, from Proto-Germanic *burgz.

Noun

burg f

1. fortress, castle
2. city

Alternative forms

• burh

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *burgz.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /burɡ/, [burˠɣ]

Noun

burg f (nominative plural byrġ)

1. city or town
   • c. 897, King Alfred's translation of Pope Gregory's Pastoral Care

     Wyrċaþ fæsten ymb þā burg.

     Build a fortress around the city.

   • late 9th century, translation of Orosius’ History Against the Pagans

     Þæt Ēstland is swīðe miċel, and þǣr biþ swīðe manega byrġ, and on ǣlcre byrġ biþ cyning.

     Estonia is very large. There are a whole lot of towns, and every town has a king.

   • late 9th century, King Alfred's translation of St. Augustine's Soliloquies

     Nāt iċ nā þȳ hwā Rōme burg timbrede þe iċ hit self ġesāwe, ac for þȳ þe hit man mē sæġde.

     I don't know who built the city of Rome because I saw it myself, but because somebody told me.

   • c. 992, Ælfric, "The Assumption of the Blessed Mary"

     Sē Godes wiðersaca hine þā ġehāthierte and cwæþ, "Þā iċ fram fierde ġeċierre, iċ tōweorpe þās burg, and hīe ġesmēðe, and tō ierþlande āwende, swā þæt hēo biþ cornbǣru swīðor þonne manbǣru."

     The adversary of God became furious and said, "When I return from the campaign, I will destroy this city, and level it, and turn it into farmland, so it is full of grain instead of people."

2. fortified place: fortress, castle
   • c. 897, King Alfred's translation of Pope Gregory's Pastoral Care

     Sēo burg þæs mōdes sċeal swīðe oft ġefrēdan hire fēonda speru.

     The fortress of the mind must very often feel the spears of its enemies.

   • Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, Manuscript A, year 921

     Þā fōr Ēadweard cyning mid Westseaxna fierde tō Colneċeastre and ġebētte þā burg and ġeednīewode þǣr hēo ǣr tōbrocen wæs.

     Then King Edward traveled to Colchester with the West Saxon army and repaired the fortress, and rebuilt it where it had been destroyed.

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *burg, Proto-Germanic *burgz, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerǵʰ- (“fortified elevation”).

Noun

burg f

1. a castle
2. a city

References

1. Köbler, Gerhard, Althochdeutsches Wörterbuch, (6. Auflage) 2014

Alternative forms

• burh
• burug

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *burg, Proto-Germanic *burgz, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerǵʰ- (“fortified elevation”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /burɣ/

Noun

burg f

1. fort, castle
   • 830 A.D. Heliand, verse 4187:

     imu thô an Effrem an theru hôhon burg uunode ― he then lived in the high fort of Effrem

2. city, town
   • (Can we date this quote?) Genesis, verse 238:

     bûan an them burugium ― to live in these cities

Etymology

Borrowed from French bourg.

Noun

burg n (plural burguri)

1. burg, market town