R

Alternative forms

• Ꝛ (archaic, rare)

Etymology

From the Etruscan letter 𐌓 (r, “er”), from the Ancient Greek letter Ρ (R, “rho”), derived from the Phoenician letter 𐤓 (r, “reš”), from the Egyptian hieroglyph 𓁶.

Letter

R (lower case r)

1. The eighteenth letter of the basic modern Latin alphabet.

Symbol

R

1. Abbreviation of ronna-.
2. (currency symbol) Rand, national currency of South Africa.
3. (metrology) roentgen
4. (physics) resistance (in electricity)
5. (organic chemistry) An unspecified radical, usually containing a carbon atom that binds to the structure of interest.

   Alcohols have the generic formula ROH.

6. (genetics) IUPAC 1-letter abbreviation for any purine.
7. (biochemistry) IUPAC 1-letter abbreviation for arginine.
8. (linguistics) A wildcard for a rhotic consonant or a resonant (sonorant).

   synonyms: S for a sonorant

9. (linguistics) A wildcard for a rhotic archiphoneme, such as the conflation of /r/ and /ɾ/ in certain positions in Spanish.
10. (linguistics) rising tone.

    synonyms: more commonly LH, or more specifically LM or MH

11. (finance) Long-term bond credit rating by S&P Global Ratings, indicating that a bond is extremely speculative and possibly in default, with some prospect of debt recovery.

Gallery

• Letter styles
• 
  Uppercase and lowercase versions of R, in normal and italic type
• 
  Uppercase and lowercase R in Fraktur

See also

Character=R

Other representations of R:

Etymology 1

From the Etruscan letter 𐌓 (r, “er”), from the Ancient Greek letter Ρ (R, “rho”), derived from the Phoenician letter 𐤓 (r, “reš”), from the Egyptian hieroglyph 𓁶.

Etymology 2

Abbreviations

See also

• R-bomb
• R-coloured

Letter

R

1. The twelfth letter in the Afar alphabet.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) A a, B b, T t, S s, E e, C c, K k, X x, I i, D d, Q q, R r, F f, G g, O o, L l, M m, N n, U u, W w, H h, Y y

Pronunciation

• (letter name): IPA^(key): /ɛr/

Letter

R (upper case, lower case r)

1. The eighteenth letter of the Afrikaans alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Noun

R (plural R'e, diminutive R'etjie)

1. R

Letter

R upper case (lower case r)

1. The twenty-fourth letter of the Azerbaijani alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ere/, [e̞.re̞]

Letter

R (upper case, lower case r)

1. The nineteenth letter of the Basque alphabet, called erre and written in the Latin script.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic) [ˈe.rə]
• IPA^(key): (Valencia) [ˈe.re], [ˈer]

Letter

R (upper case, lower case r)

1. The eighteenth letter of the Catalan alphabet, called erra, erre, or er and written in the Latin script.

Etymology

• /ʀ/ is from West Germanic *r. In most dialects it is vowelised in two cases: (1.) between a short vowel and an alveolar, (2.) after a long vowel. Especially in the former case it may also be lost entirely.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʀ/, /ə̯/

Letter

R

1. A letter in the German-based alphabet of Central Franconian.
2. A letter in the Dutch-based alphabet of Central Franconian.

Etymology 1

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• (letter name): IPA^(key): /ɛr/

• Audio:

  (file)

Letter

R (capital, lowercase r)

1. the eighteenth letter of the Dutch alphabet

See also

• Previous letter: Q
• Next letter: S

Pronunciation

• (letter name): IPA^(key): /ro/
• (phoneme): IPA^(key): /r/

• Audio:

  (file)

Letter

R (upper case, lower case r)

1. The twenty-first letter of the Esperanto alphabet, called ro and written in the Latin script.

Letter

R (upper case, lower case r)

1. The eighteenth letter of the Estonian alphabet, called err and written in the Latin script.

Etymology

The Finnish orthography using the Latin script was based on those of Swedish, German and Latin, and was first used in the mid-16th century. No earlier script is known. See the Wikipedia article on Finnish for more information, and R for information on the development of the glyph itself.

Letter

R (upper case, lower case r)

1. The eighteenth letter of the Finnish alphabet, called är or er and written in the Latin script.

Letter

R (upper case, lower case r)

1. The eighteenth letter of the French alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Pronunciation

• (letter name) IPA^(key): /ɛr/, [ʔɛʁ], [ʔɛɐ̯]
• (phoneme) IPA^(key): /r/, [ʁ], [ɾ], [ɐ̯], [ː]

• Audio:

  (file)

Letter

R (upper case, lower case r)

1. The eighteenth letter of the German alphabet.

Pronunciation

• (phoneme): IPA^(key): [ˈr]
• (letter name): IPA^(key): [ˈɛrː]

Letter

R (upper case, lower case r)

1. The twenty-ninth letter of the Hungarian alphabet, called err and written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) betű; A a, Á á, B b, C c, Cs cs, D d, Dz dz, Dzs dzs, E e, É é, F f, G g, Gy gy, H h, I i, Í í, J j, K k, L l, Ly ly, M m, N n, Ny ny, O o, Ó ó, Ö ö, Ő ő, P p, R r, S s, Sz sz, T t, Ty ty, U u, Ú ú, Ü ü, Ű ű, V v, Z z, Zs zs. Only in the extended alphabet: Q q W w X x Y y. Commonly used: ch. Also defined: à ë. In surnames (selection): ä aa cz ds eé eö ew oe oó th ts ÿ.

Letter

R (lower case r)

1. The twenty-first letter of the Icelandic alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɾ/

Letter

R (lower case r)

1. The eighteenth letter of the Ido alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Letter

R (upper case, lower case r)

1. The fifteenth letter of the Irish alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Pronunciation

• (letter name) IPA^(key): /ˈɛr.re/
  • Rhymes: -ɛrre
• (phonemic realization) IPA^(key): /r/

Letter

R f or m (invariable, upper case, lower case r)

1. The sixteenth letter of the Italian alphabet, called erre and written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) lettera; A a (À à), B b, C c, D d, E e (É é, È è), F f, G g, H h, I i (Í í, Ì ì, Πî, J j, K k), L l, M m, N n, O o (Ó ó, Ò ò), P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u (Ú ú, Ù ù), V v (W w, X x, Y y), Z z
• Italian alphabet on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

Etymology

From the romanization, which begins with R (R).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ɾe̞ːβ̞a̠]

Proper noun

R(れいわ) • (Reiwa) 

1. Abbreviation of 令和 (Reiwa).

Etymology

The Kashubian orthography is based on the Latin alphabet. No earlier script is known. See the Kashubian alphabet article on Wikipedia for more, and R for development of the glyph itself.

Letter

R (upper case, lower case r)

1. The twenty-fifth letter of the Kashubian alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Alternative forms

• R.

Proper noun

R

1. (especially coins) Abbreviation of Roma, Rome.
2. Abbreviation of Romanus, Roman.
3. Abbreviation of Rufus.

Noun

R

1. (Catholicism) Abbreviation of responsorium, responsory, breviary.
2. (Judaism) Abbreviation of rabbī.
   • 1655, Edward Pococke, באב מוסי: Porta Moſis, ſive, diſſertationes aliqvot à R. Moſe Maimonide, main title

Adjective

R (plural RR)

1. Abbreviation of reverendus, holy, reverend.
2. Abbreviation of reverendissimus, most holy, most reverend.

References

• R in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.

Etymology

Proposed in 1908 as part of the new Latvian spelling by the scientific commission headed by K. Mīlenbahs, which was accepted and began to be taught in schools in 1909. Prior to that, Latvian had been written in German Fraktur, and sporadically in Cyrillic.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ɾ]

This entry needs an audio pronunciation. If you are a native speaker with a microphone, please record this word. The recorded pronunciation will appear here when it's ready.

Letter

R (upper case, lower case r)

1. The twenty-fifth letter of the Latvian alphabet, called er and written in the Latin script.

Pronunciation

• (Name of letter) IPA^(key): [ar]
• (Phoneme, Syllable initial) IPA^(key): [r]
• (Phoneme, Syllable final) IPA^(key): [(r)]

Letter

R

1. The eighteenth letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Pronunciation

• (phoneme): IPA^(key): /ɾ/

Letter

R (upper case, lower case r)

1. The twentieth letter of the Nupe alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Etymology

The Polish orthography is based on the Latin alphabet. No earlier script is known. See the history of Polish orthography article on Wikipedia for more, and R for development of the glyph itself.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɛr/

Letter

R (upper case, lower case r)

1. The twenty-third letter of the Polish alphabet, called er and written in the Latin script.

Letter

R (upper case, lower case r)

1. The eighteenth letter of the Portuguese alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /r/

Letter

R (upper case, lower case r)

1. (International Standard) The twenty-second letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.
2. (Pan-Vlax) The twenty-third letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.

References

• Yūsuke Sumi (2018) “R, r”, in ニューエクスプレスプラス　ロマ（ジプシー）語 [New Express Plus Romani (Gypsy)] (in Japanese), Tokyo: Hakusuisha, published 2021, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 14

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /r/

Letter

R (upper case, lower case r)

1. The twenty-first letter of the Romanian alphabet, called er, re, or rî and written in the Latin script.

Letter

R (upper case, lower case r)

1. The fifteenth letter of the Scottish Gaelic alphabet, written in the Latin script. It is preceded by p and followed by s. Its traditional name is ruis (“elder”).

Etymology

The Silesian orthography is based on the Latin alphabet. No earlier script is known. See the Silesian language article on Wikipedia for more, and R for development of the glyph itself.

Letter

R (upper case, lower case r)

1. The twenty-fifth letter of the Silesian alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Pronunciation

• (phoneme) IPA^(key): /r/

Letter

R (lower case r)

1. The twenty-seventh letter of the Skolt Sami alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) bukva; A a,  â, B b, C c, Č č, Ʒ ʒ, Ǯ ǯ, D d, Đ đ, E e, F f, G g, Ǧ ǧ, Ǥ ǥ, H h, I i, J j, K k, Ǩ ǩ, L l, M m, N n, Ŋ ŋ, O o, Õ õ, P p, R r, S s, Š š, T t, U u, V v, Z z, Ž ž, Å å, Ä ä, ʹ

Letter

R (capital, lowercase r)

1. The eighteenth letter of the Slovene alphabet, written in the Latin script.
2. The twenty-fifth letter of the Slovene alphabet (Resian), written in the Latin script.
3. The nineteenth letter of the Slovene alphabet (Natisone Valley dialect), written in the Latin script.

Pronunciation

• (phoneme): IPA^(key): /r/
• (letter name): IPA^(key): /ræ/

Letter

R upper case (lower case r)

1. The eighth letter of the Somali alphabet, called ra and written in the Latin script.

Letter

R (upper case, lower case r)

1. the 19th letter of the Spanish alphabet

Letter

R (upper case, lower case r)

1. The eighteenth letter of the Swedish alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish R. Each pronunciation has a different source:

• Filipino alphabet pronunciation is influenced by English R.
• Abakada alphabet pronunciation is influenced by Baybayin character ᜇ (da/ra).
• Abecedario pronunciation is from Spanish R.

Pronunciation

• (Standard Tagalog)
  • IPA^(key): /ˈʔaɾ/ [ˈʔaɾ] (letter name, Filipino alphabet)
    • Rhymes: -aɾ
  • IPA^(key): /ˈɾa/ [ˈɾa] (letter name, Abakada alphabet)
    • Rhymes: -a
  • IPA^(key): /ˈʔeɾe/ [ˈʔɛː.ɾɛ] (letter name, Abecedario)
    • Rhymes: -eɾe
  • IPA^(key): /ɾ/ [ɾ] (phoneme)

Letter

R (upper case, lower case r, Baybayin spelling ᜀᜇ᜔)

1. The twentieth letter of the Tagalog alphabet (the Filipino alphabet), called ar and written in the Latin script.

Letter

R (upper case, lower case r, Baybayin spelling ᜇ)

1. The fifteenth letter of the Tagalog alphabet (the Abakada alphabet), called ra and written in the Latin script.

Letter

R (upper case, lower case r, Baybayin spelling ᜁᜇᜒ)

1. (historical) The twenty-first letter of the Tagalog alphabet (the Abecedario), called ere and written in the Latin script.

Further reading

• “R”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018

Letter

R (upper case, lower case r)

1. The twenty-first letter of the Turkish alphabet, called re and written in the Latin script.

Pronunciation

• (Hà Nội) IPA^(key): [ʔɛ˧˧ zəː˨˩], [zəː˨˩]
• (Huế) IPA^(key): [ʔɛ˧˧ ʐəː˦˩], [ʐəː˦˩]
• (Saigon) IPA^(key): [ʔɛ˧˧ ɹəː˨˩], [ɹəː˨˩]
• Phonetic spelling: e rờ, rờ

Letter

R (upper case, lower case r)

1. The twenty-second letter of the Vietnamese alphabet, called e-rờ or rờ and written in the Latin script.