zima

See also: Zima, zimą, ziḿă, zim’ă, and žima

Czech Wikipedia has an article on:

zima

Alternative forms

zejma (dialectal)

Etymology

Inherited from Old Czech zima, from Proto-Slavic *zima, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *źeimā́ˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰéyōm.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ˈzɪma]
Audio: (file)

Noun

zima f

winter
Antonym: léto
cold
Synonyms: chlad, chladno, kosa, kláda, klendra

Antonym: teplo

Declension

More information singular, plural ...

	singular	plural
nominative	zima	zimy
genitive	zimy	zim
dative	zimě	zimám
accusative	zimu	zimy
vocative	zimo	zimy
locative	zimě	zimách
instrumental	zimou	zimami

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Declension of zima (hard feminine)

Derived terms

Verb

zima

to extinguish

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *zima.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): (13^th CE) /ˈzima/

IPA^(key): (15^th CE) /ˈzima/

Noun

zima f (relational adjective zimní or zimný)

winter (season)
zimě ― in winter
cold

Declension

More information singular, dual ...

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	zima	zimě	zimy
genitive	zimy	zimú	zim
dative	zimě	zimama	zimám
accusative	zimu	zimě	zimy
vocative	zimo	zimě	zimy
locative	zimě	zimú	zimách
instrumental	zimú	zimama	zimami

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Declension of zima (hard a-stem)

This table shows the most common forms around the 13th century.
See also Appendix:Old Czech nouns and Appendix:Old Czech pronunciation.

Descendants

Czech: zima

Etymology

Inherited from Old Polish zima.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈʑi.ma/

(Lesser Poland):
- (Goral):
  - (Żywiec) IPA^(key): /ˈʑi.ma/

Audio: (file)
Rhymes: -ima
Syllabification: zi‧ma
Homophone: Zima

Noun

zima f (related adjective zimowy)

winter

Declension

More information singular, plural ...

	singular	plural
nominative	zima	zimy
genitive	zimy	zim
dative	zimie	zimom
accusative	zimę	zimy
instrumental	zimą	zimami
locative	zimie	zimach
vocative	zimo	zimy

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Declension of zima

Derived terms

(adjectives):

zimny

Adverb

zima (not comparable)

(Żywiec) Synonym of zimno

References

Etymology

From Proto-Nuristani *dzima, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰimás, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰéyōm.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈzima/ (tone class B)

Noun

zima (Pronz)^[1]

snow

References

[1]
Strand, Richard F. (2016) “z′imâ”, in Nûristânî Etymological Lexicon‎

Serbo-Croatian Wikipedia has an article on:

zima

Wikipedia ^sh

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *zima, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *źeimā́ˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰéyōm.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /zǐːma/
Hyphenation: zi‧ma

Noun

zíma f (Cyrillic spelling зи́ма)

winter
cold, coldness (of weather or temperature)

Declension

More information singular, plural ...

	singular	plural
nominative	zima	zime
genitive	zime	zima
dative	zimi	zimama
accusative	zimu	zime
vocative	zimo	zime
locative	zimi	zimama
instrumental	zimom	zimama

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Declension of zima

Derived terms

zimnica

References

“zima”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025

Slovak Wikipedia has an article on:

zima

Wikipedia ^sk

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *zima.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ˈzima]

Noun

zima f (genitive singular zimy, nominative plural zimy, genitive plural zím, declension pattern of žena)

winter
very cold weather (regardless of the season)

Declension

More information singular, plural ...

	singular	plural
nominative	zima	zimy
genitive	zimy	zím
dative	zime	zimám
accusative	zimu	zimy
locative	zime	zimách
instrumental	zimou	zimami

Close

Declension of zima

Derived terms

zimný

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *zima, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *źeimā́ˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰéyōm.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /zìːma/

Noun

zíma f

winter

Inflection

The diacritics used in this section of the entry are non-tonal. If you are a native tonal speaker, please help by adding the tonal marks.

More information Feminine, a-stem, nom. sing. ...

Feminine, a-stem
nom. sing.	zíma
gen. sing.	zíme
	singular	dual	plural
nominative (imenovȃlnik)	zíma	zími	zíme
genitive (rodȋlnik)	zíme	zím	zím
dative (dajȃlnik)	zími	zímama	zímam
accusative (tožȋlnik)	zímo	zími	zíme
locative (mẹ̑stnik)	zími	zímah	zímah
instrumental (orọ̑dnik)	zímo	zímama	zímami

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Pronunciation

Audio (Kenya): (file)

Etymology 1

From Proto-Bantu [Term?].

Adjective

-zima (declinable)

whole; entire; full
mature; fully grown
(in greetings) well
U mzima ― Are you well?

Declension

More information Noun class, singular ...

Noun class	singular	plural
m-wa class_(I/II)	mzima	wazima
m-mi class_(III/IV)	mzima	mizima
ji-ma class_(V/VI)	zima	mazima
ki-vi class_(VII/VIII)	kizima	vizima
n class_(IX/X)	nzima	nzima
u class_(XI)	mzima	see n_(X)* or ma_(VI) class*
pa class_(XVI)	pazima
ku class_(XVII)	kuzima
mu class_(XVIII)	muzima

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Inflected forms of -zima

Etymology 2

From Proto-Bantu [Term?].

Verb

-zima (infinitive kuzima)

to turn off, extinguish, quell

Conjugation

More information Conjugation of, Positive present ...

Conjugation of -zima

Positive present	-nazima
Subjunctive	-zime
Negative	-zimi
Imperative singular	zima

Infinitives

Positive	kuzima
Negative	kutozima

Imperatives

Singular	zima
Plural	zimeni

Tensed forms

Habitual	huzima
Positive past	positive subject concord + -lizima
Negative past	negative subject concord + -kuzima

Positive present (positive subject concord + -nazima)
		Singular	Plural
1st person		ninazima/nazima	tunazima
2nd person		unazima	mnazima
3rd person	m-wa_(I/II)	anazima	wanazima
3rd person	other classes	positive subject concord + -nazima

Negative present (negative subject concord + -zimi)
		Singular	Plural
1st person		sizimi	hatuzimi
2nd person		huzimi	hamzimi
3rd person	m-wa_(I/II)	hazimi	hawazimi
3rd person	other classes	negative subject concord + -zimi

Positive future	positive subject concord + -tazima
Negative future	negative subject concord + -tazima

Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -zime)
		Singular	Plural
1st person		nizime	tuzime
2nd person		uzime	mzime
3rd person	m-wa_(I/II)	azime	wazime
3rd person	other classes	positive subject concord + -zime

Negative subjunctive	positive subject concord + -sizime
Positive present conditional	positive subject concord + -ngezima
Negative present conditional	positive subject concord + -singezima
Positive past conditional	positive subject concord + -ngalizima
Negative past conditional	positive subject concord + -singalizima

Gnomic (positive subject concord + -azima)
		Singular	Plural
1st person		nazima	twazima
2nd person		wazima	mwazima
3rd person	m-wa_(I/II)	azima	wazima
	m-mi_(III/IV)	wazima	yazima
	ji-ma_(V/VI)	lazima	yazima
	ki-vi_(VII/VIII)	chazima	vyazima
	n_(IX/X)	yazima	zazima
	u_(XI)	wazima	see n_(X)* or ma_(VI) class*
	ku_(XV/XVII)	kwazima
	pa_(XVI)	pazima
	mu_(XVIII)	mwazima

Perfect	positive subject concord + -mezima
"Already"	positive subject concord + -meshazima
"Not yet"	negative subject concord + -jazima
"If/When"	positive subject concord + -kizima
"If not"	positive subject concord + -sipozima
Consecutive	kazima / positive subject concord + -kazima
Consecutive subjunctive	positive subject concord + -kazime

Object concord (indicative positive)
		Singular	Plural
1st person		-nizima	-tuzima
2nd person		-kuzima	-wazima/-kuzimeni/-wazimeni
3rd person	m-wa_(I/II)	-mzima	-wazima
	m-mi_(III/IV)	-uzima	-izima
	ji-ma_(V/VI)	-lizima	-yazima
	ki-vi_(VII/VIII)	-kizima	-vizima
	n_(IX/X)	-izima	-zizima
	u_(XI)	-uzima	see n_(X)* or ma_(VI) class*
	ku_(XV/XVII)	-kuzima
	pa_(XVI)	-pazima
	mu_(XVIII)	-muzima
Reflexive		-jizima

Relative forms

General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -zima- + relative marker)
	Singular	Plural
m-wa_(I/II)	-zimaye	-zimao
m-mi_(III/IV)	-zimao	-zimayo
ji-ma_(V/VI)	-zimalo	-zimayo
ki-vi_(VII/VIII)	-zimacho	-zimavyo
n_(IX/X)	-zimayo	-zimazo
u_(XI)	-zimao	see n_(X)* or ma_(VI) class*
ku_(XV/XVII)	-zimako
pa_(XVI)	-zimapo
mu_(XVIII)	-zimamo

Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -zima)
	Singular	Plural
m-wa_(I/II)	-yezima	-ozima
m-mi_(III/IV)	-ozima	-yozima
ji-ma_(V/VI)	-lozima	-yozima
ki-vi_(VII/VIII)	-chozima	-vyozima
n_(IX/X)	-yozima	-zozima
u_(XI)	-ozima	see n_(X)* or ma_(VI) class*
ku_(XV/XVII)	-kozima
pa_(XVI)	-pozima
mu_(XVIII)	-mozima

Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

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Derived terms

Verbal derivations:
- Applicative: -zimia (“to faint”)
- Causative: -zimisha
- Passive: -zimwa
- Stative: -zimika (“to go out”)

[NEL-1] [1]
Strand, Richard F. (2016) “z′imâ”, in Nûristânî Etymological Lexicon‎

[1]

Alternative forms

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Declension

Derived terms

See also

Further reading

Verb

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Declension

Descendants

See also

Further reading

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Declension

Derived terms

See also

Adverb

References

Further reading

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

References

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Declension

Derived terms

See also

References

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Declension

Derived terms

See also

Further reading

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Inflection

See also

Further reading

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Adjective

Declension

Etymology 2

Verb

Conjugation

Derived terms

Czech

Kituba

Old Czech

Polish

Prasuni

Serbo-Croatian

Slovak

Slovene

Swahili