wesen
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
A user suggests that this German Low German entry be cleaned up, giving the reason: “"original" in the etymology section and the usage notes section needs further explanation. Compared with PIE probably no forms are original anymore, but all are changed in some way; compared with MLG e.g. both infinitives wesen and sin (also spelled sien) from wesen and sîn would be original. Also the table is misleading anyway, as e.g. "gewesen, wesen" is more original than "(e)wesen"”. | |
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Please see the discussion on Requests for cleanup(+) or the talk page for more information and remove this template after the problem has been dealt with. |
From Middle Low German wēsen, from Old Saxon wesan, from Proto-West Germanic *wesan, from Proto-Germanic *wesaną, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂wes-.
All the forms with initial w- (imperative and past tense) derive from this root. It is related to Old English wesan, Dutch wezen, West Frisian wêze.
The original infinitive is wesen but a second infinitive sien also exists. The infinitive wesen is still the most used one, but in general which one is used is a matter of personal preference and/or region.
The infinitive sien derives from Middle Low German sîn, from Old Saxon sīn. Along with the words is and sünd, it derives ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁es- (“to be”), which had no separate infinitive in Germanic. The modern infinitive sien was probably back-formed in late Old Saxon from the former first-person plural subjunctive sīn (“we be”), since this form had become identical to the infinitive in other verbs during the late Old Saxon period. Compare also Dutch zijn and its alternative infinitive wezen.
Finally, the forms bin/bün and bist/büst derive from Proto-Germanic *beuną (“to be, to become”), from *bʰuH- (“to become”), which survives only as relic forms in the West Germanic languages and not at all in the others. Its infinitive and non-singular forms are only attested in (Old) English.
wesen (past singular weer, past participle wesen or west, auxiliary verb wesen)
infinitive | wesen | |
---|---|---|
indicative | present | preterite |
1st person singular | bin, bün, sin, sen | weer, was |
2nd person singular | bist, büst | weerst, weres |
3rd person singular | is, es, ös | weer, was |
plural | sind, sünd, sin | weren, wassen |
imperative | present | — |
singular | wes, si | |
plural | wes(e)t | |
participle | present | past |
wesen(de) | (e)wesen, (e)west, gewesen, gewest | |
Note: This conjugation is one of many; neither its grammar nor spelling apply to all dialects. |
From Old Dutch wesan, from Proto-West Germanic *wesan, from Proto-Germanic *wesaną.
wēsen
This verb needs an inflection-table template.
sīn or wësen (irregular, third-person singular present ist, past tense was, past participle gewësen, past subjunctive wære, auxiliary sīn)
From Old Saxon wesan, from Proto-West Germanic *wesan, from Proto-Germanic *wesaną.
wēsen
Plain Infinitive | wēsen | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Full Infinitive (Gerund) | tô wēsene or tô wēsende | |||
Verbal Noun | wēsen | |||
Participles | Imperatives | |||
Present | wēsende | 2nd Person Singular | wes | |
Past | gewēsen or gewest | 2nd Person Plural | wēset | |
Indicative | Subjunctive | |||
Present | Preterite | Present | Preterite | |
1st Person Singular | bin | was | wēse | wêre |
2nd Person Singular | bist | wêrest | sîst | wêrest |
3rd Person Singular | is | was | wēse | wêre |
Plural | sint | wêren | sîn | wêren |
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