龍
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
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龍 (Kangxi radical 212, 龍+0, 16 strokes, cangjie input 卜月卜尸心 (YBYSP), four-corner 01211, composition ⿰𦚏⿱⿺𠃑一⿺乚亖)
Coblin, reconstructing the Bailang pronunciation as *gljung, suggests that it derives from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *kl(j)u(ŋ/k) (“river, gorge”) and retains its consonant cluster, which was lost in Proto-Lolo-Burmese. Compare Tibetan ལྗོངས (ljongs), Chinese 谷 (OC *kloːɡ).
龍 (*gljung)
Historical forms of the character 龍 | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Shang | Western Zhou | Spring and Autumn | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) | ||
Bronze inscriptions | Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Qin slip script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
Old Chinese | |
---|---|
驡 | *ʔslaːŋʔ, *roŋ |
龐 | *broːŋ |
瀧 | *rroːŋ, *sroːŋ, *roːŋ |
籠 | *roːŋ, *roːŋʔ, *roŋ |
豅 | *roːŋ |
朧 | *roːŋ, *roŋs |
龓 | *roːŋ, *roːŋʔ |
聾 | *roːŋ |
礱 | *roːŋ, *roːŋs |
嚨 | *roːŋ |
蘢 | *roːŋ, *roŋ |
櫳 | *roːŋ |
襱 | *roːŋ, *roːŋʔ, *r'oŋʔ |
瓏 | *roːŋ |
曨 | *roːŋ, *roːŋʔ |
鸗 | *roːŋ, *roŋ |
蠪 | *roːŋ |
巃 | *roːŋʔ |
竉 | *roːŋʔ |
攏 | *roːŋʔ |
儱 | *roːŋʔ, *roŋs |
龍 | *b·roŋ, *mroːŋ |
躘 | *roŋ, *roŋs |
隴 | *roŋʔ |
壠 | *roŋʔ |
壟 | *roŋʔ |
寵 | *r̥ʰoŋʔ |
龏 | *kloŋ, *kloŋs, *qroːɡ |
Pictogram (象形) – originally a serpent with prominent whiskered mouth and eyes.
Current form developed in large seal script, with serpent’s body on right (tail at upper right, legs on right), whiskered/fanged mouth at lower left, and eyes/crown at upper left. Left side was subsequently simplified and abstracted, with some influence of 立 and ⺼/月. Note that 竜 existed as a traditional variant dating back to large seal script, and figures a dragon seen face-on, rather than curled around.
Compare 𣎆, which represents a particular kind of dragon.
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-bru(ŋ/k) (“dragon; thunder”). Cognate with Tibetan འབྲུག ('brug, “dragon; thunder”). The STEDT database also lists 隆 (OC *ɡ·ruːŋ, “thunder; sound of thunder”) and 雹 (OC *bruːɡ, “hail”) as cognates. Also compare 靐 (OC *brɯŋs, “sound of thunder”) and 霹靂 (OC *pʰeːɡ reːɡ, “thunder”).
This word is found in many languages of the region. Compare Proto-Hmong-Mien *-roŋ (“dragon”) (White Hmong zaj), Proto-Vietic *-roːŋ (“dragon”) (Vietnamese rồng), Vietnamese thuồng luồng (“serpent-like monster”), Khmer រោង (roong, “year of the dragon”), Thai มะโรง (má-roong, “dragon; year of the dragon”), Lao ມະໂລງ (ma lōng, “year of the dragon”), perhaps also Old Turkic [script needed] (*-lan, suffix denoting a wild, predatory animal) (Turkish aslan (“lion”), kaplan (“tiger”), yılan (“snake”)).
龍
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