鮮
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
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Han character
鮮 (Kangxi radical 195, 魚+6, 17 strokes, cangjie input 弓火廿手 (NFTQ), four-corner 28351, composition ⿰魚羊)
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 1470, character 6
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 46133
- Dae Jaweon: page 2002, character 25
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4688, character 6
- Unihan data for U+9BAE
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 鮮 |
|---|
| Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
| Small seal script |
 |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *sen, *senʔ, *sens) : semantic 魚 (“fish”) + abbreviated phonetic 羴 (OC *qʰreːn, *qʰljen).
Alternatively, may be ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意) : 魚 (“fish”) + 羊 (“sheep”) – delicious.
Etymology 1
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *gsjar (“new; fresh”) (STEDT). Cognate with Proto-Tibeto-Burman *g-sar (“new; fresh”), whence Tibetan གསར་བ (gsar ba, “new; fresh”), Rawang angsar (“new”), Drung aksal (“new”), Mizo tʰarᴴ (“new”) (Schuessler, 2007); cognate with Tibetan གསར་ (gsar, “new”), Burmese ဆန်း (hcan:, “new, fresh”) (Hill, 2019).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): xuan1
- Cantonese (Jyutping): sin1
- Gan (Wiktionary): xien1
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): xie1
- Northern Min (KCR): síng
- Eastern Min (BUC): chiĕng / siĕng
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 1shi
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): sienn1
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄢ
- Tongyong Pinyin: sian
- Wade–Giles: hsien1
- Yale: syān
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shian
- Palladius: сянь (sjanʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: xuan1
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: xuan
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɕyan⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: sin1
- Yale: sīn
- Cantonese Pinyin: sin1
- Guangdong Romanization: xin1
- Sinological IPA (key): /siːn⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: xien1
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɕiɛn⁴²/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: siên
- Hakka Romanization System: xienˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: xian1
- Sinological IPA: /si̯en²⁴/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: xie1
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /ɕie¹¹/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: síng
- Sinological IPA (key): /siŋ⁵⁴/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: chiĕng / siĕng
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰieŋ⁵⁵/, /sieŋ⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
Note:
- chiĕng - vernacular;
- siĕng - literary.
- Southern Min
- chhiⁿ - vernacular;
- sian - literary;
- sián - alternative literary, used in some compounds (e.g. 鮮美).
Note:
- Dialectal data
- Middle Chinese: sjen
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[s][a]r/, /*s[a]r/
- (Zhengzhang): /*sen/
Definitions
鮮
- live fish; aquatic food
- fresh food; delicious food
- fresh; not stale
- new; recent
- clear; vivid
- brightly coloured; gaily coloured
- delicious; tasty
- special; peculiar
- (Hakka) thin; dilute
- a surname
Synonyms
| Variety | Location | Words |
|---|---|---|
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 新鮮 | |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 新鮮 |
| Taiwan | 新鮮 | |
| Malaysia | 新鮮 | |
| Singapore | 新鮮 | |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 新鮮 |
| Wanrong | 新鮮 | |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 新新 |
| Guiyang | 新鮮 | |
| Guilin | 新鮮 | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 新鮮 |
| Hong Kong | 新鮮 | |
| Taishan | 生鮮 | |
| Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 新鮮 | |
| Penang (Guangfu) | 新鮮 | |
| Singapore (Guangfu) | 新鮮 | |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 新新, 新鮮 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 新鮮 |
| Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 萋, 新鮮 | |
| Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 萋, 新鮮 | |
| Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 萋, 新鮮 | |
| Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 萋, 新鮮 | |
| Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 萋, 新鮮 | |
| Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 萋 | |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 鮮, 鮮尺 |
| Quanzhou | 鮮, 鮮尺, 鮮臊 | |
| Jinjiang | 鮮尺 | |
| Zhangzhou | 鮮, 鮮尺, 鮮臊 | |
| Zhao'an | 鮮 | |
| Dongshan | 鮮 | |
| Tainan | 鮮, 鮮尺 | |
| Penang (Hokkien) | 鮮 | |
| Singapore (Hokkien) | 鮮, 鮮尺 | |
| Manila (Hokkien) | 鮮尺 | |
| Chaozhou | 鮮, 新鮮 | |
| Shantou | 鮮 | |
| Singapore (Teochew) | 鮮 | |
| Wenchang | 新鮮 | |
| Haikou | 生鮮 | |
| Qionghai | 新鮮 | |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 新鮮 |
| Suzhou | 新鮮, 鮮鮮 dated | |
| Xiang | Loudi | 新新 |
Compounds
- 一朵鮮花插在牛糞上 / 一朵鲜花插在牛粪上 (yī duǒ xiānhuā chā zài niúfèn shàng)
- 三鮮 / 三鲜 (sānxiān)
- 保鮮 / 保鲜 (bǎoxiān)
- 保鮮盒 / 保鲜盒
- 保鮮膜 / 保鲜膜 (bǎoxiānmó)
- 光鮮 / 光鲜 (guāngxiān)
- 如烹小鮮 / 如烹小鲜
- 小鮮 / 小鲜
- 小鮮肉 / 小鲜肉 (xiǎoxiānròu)
- 屢見不鮮 / 屡见不鲜 (lǚjiànbùxiān)
- 嵐翠鮮明 / 岚翠鲜明
- 數見不鮮 / 数见不鲜 (shuòjiànbùxiān)
- 新鮮 / 新鲜 (xīnxiān)
- 新鮮事 / 新鲜事
- 新鮮人 / 新鲜人 (xīnxiānrén)
- 時鮮 / 时鲜 (shíxiān)
- 朝鮮 / 朝鲜
- 海鮮 / 海鲜 (hǎixiān, “seafood”)
- 甘鮮 / 甘鲜
- 生鮮 / 生鲜 (shēngxiān)
- 白羊鮮 / 白羊鲜
- 碧鮮 / 碧鲜
- 空水澄鮮 / 空水澄鲜
- 肥鮮 / 肥鲜
- 貓兒見了魚鮮飯 / 猫儿见了鱼鲜饭
- 送鮮 / 送鲜
- 魚鮮 / 鱼鲜 (yúxiān)
- 鮮乳 / 鲜乳 (xiānrǔ)
- 鮮亮 / 鲜亮 (xiānliàng)
- 鮮卑 / 鲜卑 (Xiānbēi)
- 鮮味 / 鲜味 (xiānwèi)
- 鮮奶 / 鲜奶 (xiānnǎi)
- 鮮奶油 / 鲜奶油 (xiānnǎiyóu)
- 鮮妍 / 鲜妍
- 鮮嫩 / 鲜嫩 (xiānnèn)
- 鮮明 / 鲜明 (xiānmíng)
- 鮮果 / 鲜果 (xiānguǒ)
- 鮮榮 / 鲜荣
- 鮮沢 / 鲜沢 (chhiⁿ-chhioh) (Min Nan)
- 鮮活 / 鲜活 (xiānhuó)
- 鮮潤 / 鲜润
- 鮮眉亮眼 / 鲜眉亮眼
- 鮮紅 / 鲜红 (xiānhóng)
- 鮮美 / 鲜美 (xiānměi)
- 鮮翠 / 鲜翠 (xiāncuì)
- 鮮肉 / 鲜肉 (xiānròu)
- 鮮花 / 鲜花 (xiānhuā)
- 鮮血 / 鲜血 (xiānxuè)
- 鮮血淋漓 / 鲜血淋漓 (xiānxuèlínlí)
- 鮮衣美食 / 鲜衣美食
- 鮮豔 / 鲜艳 (xiānyàn)
- 鮮豔奪目 / 鲜艳夺目
- 鮮貨 / 鲜货
- 鮮車怒馬 / 鲜车怒马
- 鮮食 / 鲜食
- 鮮飾 / 鲜饰
- 鮮麗 / 鲜丽 (xiānlì)
Descendants
- → Vietnamese: tươi
Etymology 2
Etymology not clear (Schuessler, 2007).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): sin2
- Eastern Min (BUC): siēng
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 5shi
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄢˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: siǎn
- Wade–Giles: hsien3
- Yale: syǎn
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shean
- Palladius: сянь (sjanʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɕi̯ɛn²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: sin2
- Yale: sín
- Cantonese Pinyin: sin2
- Guangdong Romanization: xin2
- Sinological IPA (key): /siːn³⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: siēng
- Sinological IPA (key): /sieŋ³³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- Wu
- Middle Chinese: sjenX
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[s][e]rʔ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*senʔ/
Definitions
鮮
- rare; little; few
- 量力而動，其過鮮矣。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4th century BCE, translation from Zuozhuan: Commentary on the "Spring and Autumn Annals" (2017), by Stephen Durrant, Wai-yee Li and David Schaberg
- Liànglì ér dòng, qí guò xiǎn yǐ. [Pinyin]
- If one weighs one’s strength and then acts, one’s errors will be few.
量力而动，其过鲜矣。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- rarely; infrequently
- 子曰：「巧言令色，鮮矣仁！」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Zǐyuē: “Qiǎoyánlìngsè, xiǎn yǐ rén!” [Pinyin]
- The Master said, "Fine words and an insinuating appearance are seldom associated with true virtue!"
子曰：「巧言令色，鲜矣仁！」 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- to lack; to be short of
- † Alternative form of 巘 / 𪩘 (yǎn, “the top of a mountain; cliff; small mountain”)
Compounds
Etymology 3
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄢˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: siàn
- Wade–Giles: hsien4
- Yale: syàn
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiann
- Palladius: сянь (sjanʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: sin3
- Yale: sin
- Cantonese Pinyin: sin3
- Guangdong Romanization: xin3
- Sinological IPA (key): /siːn³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Wu
- Middle Chinese: sjenH
- Old Chinese
- (Zhengzhang): /*sens/
Definitions
鮮
Compounds
- 惠鮮 / 惠鲜
Further reading
- “Entry #12480”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2025.
Kanji
鮮
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Readings
Compounds
- 新鮮 (shinsen)
- 鮮衣 (sen'i)
- 鮮花 (senka)
- 鮮華 (senka)
- 鮮暉 (senki)
- 鮮輝 (senki)
- 鮮魚 (sengyo)
- 鮮血 (senketsu)
- 鮮潔 (senketsu)
- 鮮妍 (senken)
- 鮮好 (senkō)
- 鮮少 (senshō)
- 鮮色 (senshoku)
- 鮮食 (senshoku)
- 鮮飾 (senshoku)
- 鮮新 (senshin)
- 鮮盛 (sensei)
- 鮮腆 (senten)
- 鮮白 (senbyaku)
- 鮮美 (senbi)
- 鮮媚 (senbi)
- 鮮肥 (senpi)
- 鮮卑 (Senpi)
- 鮮明 (senmei)
- 鮮耀 (sen'yō)
- 鮮麗 (senrei)
- 朝鮮 (Chōsen)
- 白鮮 (hakusen)
Etymology
From Middle Chinese 鮮 (MC sjen|sjenX|sjenH).
Pronunciation
Affix
Hanja
Compounds
Han character
鮮: Hán Nôm readings: tiên, tắn
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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