毒
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
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Han character
毒 (Kangxi radical 80, 毋+4, 8 strokes in traditional Chinese and Japanese, 9 strokes in simplified Chinese, cangjie input 手一田卜戈 (QMWYI), four-corner 50507, composition ⿱龶母(GKV) or ⿱龶毋(HTJ))
Derived characters
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 589, character 6
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 16730
- Dae Jaweon: page 981, character 8
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2382, character 5
- Unihan data for U+6BD2
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 毒 | |
|---|---|
| Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
 |
 |
Pictogram (象形) - a woman wearing a feathered ornament - original form of 纛 (OC *duːɡs, *duːɡ). If this is the correct interpretation, see also 每.
Alternatively, Li Xueqin (2012) proposes it is a phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *l'uːɡ): semantic 屮 (“vegetation”) + phonetic 毐 (OC *ʔmɯː, *ʔmɯːʔ), meaning "a type of poisonous plant."
Etymology
- “poison”
- From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *duk ~ tuk (“poison; to poison”). Cognate with Tibetan དུག (dug, “poison; toxin”), གདུག (gdug), གདུག་པ (gdug pa, “vicious; evil; poisonous”), Burmese တောက် (tauk, “to suffer from toxicity; to be ill; to be poisonous”).
- “to poison” (Pronunciation 2)
- A departing tone variant, meaning “to poison”, is preserved in southern varieties, including Cantonese, Hakka, Min, southern Gan, and southern Wu. It is derived from the sense “poison” with the *–s suffix in Old Chinese.
- “nerdy”
- Derived from 毒撚.
Pronunciation 1
- Mandarin
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): tuh7
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): dueh5
- Northern Min (KCR): dù / tū
- Eastern Min (BUC): dŭk / dĕ̤k
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): dorh7 / dah7
- Southern Min
- Wu (Wugniu)
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): dou6
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄉㄨˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: dú
- Wade–Giles: tu2
- Yale: dú
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dwu
- Palladius: ду (du)
- Sinological IPA (key): /tu³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: duk6 / duk1
- Yale: duhk / dūk
- Cantonese Pinyin: duk9 / duk7
- Guangdong Romanization: dug6 / dug1
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʊk̚²/, /tʊk̚⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
Note: duk1 - only used in the phonetic transcription 身毒 (“India”).
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: uuk5
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɵk̚³²/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: tuh7
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰuʔ²/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thu̍k
- Hakka Romanization System: tug
- Hagfa Pinyim: tug6
- Sinological IPA: /tʰuk̚⁵/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: dueh5
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /tuəʔ⁵⁴/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: dù / tū
- Sinological IPA (key): /tu⁴²/, /tʰu⁵⁵/
- (Jian'ou)
Note:
- dù - literary;
- tū - vernacular.
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: dŭk / dĕ̤k
- Sinological IPA (key): /tuʔ⁵/, /tøyʔ⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- dŭk - literary;
- dĕ̤k - vernacular.
- Puxian Min
- (Putian)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: dorh7
- Sinological IPA (key): /tɒʔ⁴/
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: dorh7
- Sinological IPA (key): /tɒʔ²⁴/
- (Putian)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: dah7
- Sinological IPA (key): /taʔ⁴/
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: dah7
- Sinological IPA (key): /taʔ²⁴/
- (Putian)
- dorh7 - literary;
- dah7 - vernacular.
- Southern Min
- to̍k - literary (“poison; cruel; fierce”);
- ta̍k - vernacular.
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: dag8
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ta̍k
- Sinological IPA (key): /tak̚⁴/
- (Teochew)
- Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai, Jiading, Songjiang, Chongming, Suzhou, Kunshan, Changzhou, Jiaxing, Hangzhou, Shaoxing, Ningbo)
- Wugniu: 8doq
- MiniDict: doh入
- Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): 5doq
- Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /doʔ¹²/
- Sinological IPA (Jiading): /doʔ¹²/
- Sinological IPA (Songjiang): /doʔ²²/
- Sinological IPA (Chongming): /doʔ²/
- Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /doʔ²³/
- Sinological IPA (Kunshan): /doʔ²³/
- Sinological IPA (Changzhou): /doʔ²³/
- Sinological IPA (Jiaxing): /doʔ²²/
- Sinological IPA (Hangzhou): /doʔ²³/
- Sinological IPA (Shaoxing): /doʔ²³/
- Sinological IPA (Ningbo): /doʔ¹²/
- (Jinhua)
- (Northern: Shanghai, Jiading, Songjiang, Chongming, Suzhou, Kunshan, Changzhou, Jiaxing, Hangzhou, Shaoxing, Ningbo)
- Xiang
- (Changsha)
- Wiktionary: dou6
- Sinological IPA (key): /təu̯²⁴/
- (Changsha)
Note:
Note:
Note:
- Middle Chinese: dowk
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[d]ˤuk/
- (Zhengzhang): /*l'uːɡ/
Definitions
毒
- poison; toxin; venom; bane
- 有毒 ― yǒudú ― poisonous
- † calamity; disaster; trouble
- † pain; suffering
- † crime; evil
- to poison; to administer poison to
- † to harm; to injure
- † to hate; to resent
- † Alternative form of 督 (dū, “to manage; to govern”)
- poisonous; noxious
- † heavy; thick
- (figurative) pernicious influence; harmful influence
- severe; fierce; violent
- malicious; cruel; sinister
- (literary, or in compounds) narcotics; narcotic drugs
- (Hong Kong Cantonese) nerdy
Synonyms
- (narcotics): 毒品 (dúpǐn)
Compounds
- 三毒 (sāndú)
- 下毒 (xiàdú)
- 下毒手 (xiàdúshǒu)
- 不毒不發 / 不毒不发
- 中毒 (zhòngdú)
- 丹毒 (dāndú)
- 㐖毒 (Xiédú)
- 五毒 (wǔdú)
- 亭毒
- 人莫予毒 (rénmòyúdú)
- 以毒攻毒 (yǐdúgōngdú)
- 便毒
- 倒馬毒 / 倒马毒
- 內毒 / 内毒
- 內毒素 / 内毒素 (nèidúsù)
- 刻毒 (kèdú)
- 刮毒
- 刮骨去毒
- 刮骨療毒 / 刮骨疗毒
- 劇毒 / 剧毒 (jùdú)
- 厚味臘毒 / 厚味腊毒
- 厭毒 / 厌毒
- 反毒
- 吸毒 (xīdú)
- 命毒
- 哏毒
- 嗎啡中毒 / 吗啡中毒
- 外毒素 (wàidúsù)
- 大麻中毒
- 天然毒素
- 奸毒
- 宴安鴆毒 / 宴安鸩毒
- 尿毒症 (niàodúzhèng)
- 屠毒筆墨 / 屠毒笔墨
- 工業中毒 / 工业中毒
- 怨毒 (yuàndú)
- 悔毒之歎 / 悔毒之叹
- 惡毒 / 恶毒 (èdú)
- 慘毒 / 惨毒 (cǎndú)
- 戒毒 (jièdú)
- 抗毒素 (kàngdúsù)
- 抗毒血清
- 拒毒 (jùdú)
- 括毒
- 掃毒 / 扫毒 (sǎodú)
- 時毒 / 时毒
- 有毒植物
- 服毒 (fúdú)
- 梅毒 (méidú)
- 楚毒
- 歹毒 (dǎidú)
- 殘毒 / 残毒 (cándú)
- 毒刑
- 毒刺 (dúcì)
- 毒劑 / 毒剂 (dújì)
- 毒化
- 毒卉
- 毒品 (dúpǐn)
- 毒咬
- 毒害 (dúhài)
- 毒性 (dúxìng)
- 毒手 (dúshǒu)
- 毒手尊拳
- 毒打 (dúdǎ)
- 毒招
- 毒日頭 / 毒日头
- 毒梟 / 毒枭 (dúxiāo)
- 毒殺 / 毒杀 (dúshā)
- 毒氣 / 毒气 (dúqì)
- 毒氣室 / 毒气室 (dúqìshì)
- 毒液 (dúyè)
- 毒烈
- 毒牙 (dúyá)
- 毒物 (dúwù)
- 毒瓦斯 (dúwǎsī)
- 毒瘤 (dúliú)
- 毒瘴
- 毒癮 / 毒瘾 (dúyǐn)
- 毒砂
- 毒箭
- 毒素 (dúsù)
- 毒腺 (dúxiàn)
- 毒花花
- 毒草 (dúcǎo)
- 毒藥 / 毒药 (dúyào)
- 毒藥苦口 / 毒药苦口
- 毒蛇 (dúshé)
- 毒蛇猛獸 / 毒蛇猛兽 (dúshéměngshòu)
- 毒蟲 / 毒虫 (dúchóng)
- 毒計 / 毒计 (dújì)
- 毒語 / 毒语
- 毒謀 / 毒谋
- 毒辣 (dúlà)
- 毒酒
- 毒霧 / 毒雾
- 毒餌 / 毒饵 (dú'ěr)
- 毒龍 / 毒龙
- 氰中毒
- 氯氣中毒 / 氯气中毒
- 水中毒 (shuǐzhòngdú)
- 汞中毒 (gǒngzhòngdú)
- 流毒 (liúdú)
- 消毒 (xiāodú)
- 消毒劑 / 消毒剂 (xiāodújì)
- 消毒藥 / 消毒药
- 溴中毒
- 漆毒疹
- 無名腫毒 / 无名肿毒
- 無毒 / 无毒 (wúdú)
- 煤毒
- 煙毒 / 烟毒
- 熱毒 / 热毒 (rèdú)
- 燕安鴆毒 / 燕安鸩毒
- 狠毒 (hěndú)
- 狼毒
- 狼猛蜂毒
- 瓦斯中毒
- 病毒 (bìngdú)
- 百毒不侵 (bǎidúbùqīn)
- 眼毒
- 票房毒藥 / 票房毒药 (piàofáng dúyào)
- 緝毒 / 缉毒 (jīdú)
- 肉毒桿菌 / 肉毒杆菌 (ròudúgǎnjūn)
- 胎毒 (tāidú)
- 胎裡毒 / 胎里毒
- 腊毒
- 腺病毒 (xiànbìngdú)
- 膿毒病 / 脓毒病
- 芥子毒氣 / 芥子毒气 (jièzǐ dúqì)
- 莫予毒也 (mòyúdúyě)
- 莫余毒也 (mòyúdúyě)
- 荼毒 (túdú)
- 荼毒生靈 / 荼毒生灵
- 藥物中毒 / 药物中毒
- 蜂蠆有毒 / 蜂虿有毒
- 蠱毒 / 蛊毒 (gǔdú)
- 解毒 (jiědú)
- 解毒劑 / 解毒剂
- 貝毒 / 贝毒
- 販毒 / 贩毒 (fàndú)
- 赤口毒舌
- 身毒
- 遺毒 / 遗毒 (yídú)
- 酒精中毒 (jiǔjīng zhòngdú)
- 酖毒 / 鸩毒
- 酸中毒 (suānzhòngdú)
- 酵素毒
- 金屬中毒 / 金属中毒
- 鉛中毒 / 铅中毒 (qiānzhòngdú)
- 鎘中毒 / 镉中毒 (gé zhòngdú)
- 防毒 (fángdú)
- 防毒面具 (fángdú miànjù)
- 陰毒 / 阴毒 (yīndú)
- 電腦病毒 / 电脑病毒 (diànnǎo bìngdú)
- 類毒素 / 类毒素 (lèidúsù)
- 食物中毒 (shíwù zhòngdú)
- 餘毒 / 余毒 (yúdú)
- 高溫消毒 / 高温消毒
- 鴆毒 / 鸩毒
- 鹼中毒 / 碱中毒 (jiǎnzhòngdú)
- 黃麴毒素 / 黄曲毒素
Descendants
Others:
Pronunciation 2
- Cantonese (Jyutping): dou6
- Hakka
- Northern Min (KCR): tē
- Eastern Min (BUC): táu
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): tao4
- Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): thāu
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: dou6
- Yale: douh
- Cantonese Pinyin: dou6
- Guangdong Romanization: dou6
- Sinological IPA (key): /tou̯²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: theu
- Hakka Romanization System: teu
- Hagfa Pinyim: teu4
- Sinological IPA: /tʰeu̯⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: tē
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰe⁵⁵/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: táu
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰɑu²¹³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Puxian Min
- (Putian, Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: tao4
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰau⁴²/
- (Putian, Xianyou)
- Southern Min
Definitions
毒
- (Cantonese, Hakka, Min, Wenzhounese, colloquial) to poison; to administer poison to
Pronunciation 3
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄉㄞˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: dài
- Wade–Giles: tai4
- Yale: dài
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: day
- Palladius: дай (daj)
- Sinological IPA (key): /taɪ̯⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: doi6
- Yale: doih
- Cantonese Pinyin: doi6
- Guangdong Romanization: doi6
- Sinological IPA (key): /tɔːi̯²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
Definitions
毒
- Used in 毒冒, which is an alternative form of 玳瑁 (dàimào)
Pronunciation 4
Definitions
毒
- (Northern Wu) Alternative form of 踱 (8doq, “dumb,dull”)
References
- “毒”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database), 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
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