曉

See also: 晓 and 暁

曉	U+66C9, 曉 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-66C9

← 曈
[U+66C8]

CJK Unified Ideographs

曊 →
[U+66CA]

More information Traditional, Shinjitai ...

Traditional	曉
Shinjitai	暁
Simplified	晓

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References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 500, character 17
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14176
Dae Jaweon: page 870, character 12
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1535, character 1
Unihan data for U+66C9

More information trad., simp. ...

trad.		曉
simp.		晓

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Glyph origin

More information Historical forms of the character 曉, Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) ...

Historical forms of the character 曉
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

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More information Old Chinese ...

	Old Chinese
撓	hŋaːw, rŋaːw, *rnaːwʔ
鐃	*rŋaːw
譊	*rŋaːw
橈	rŋaːws, ŋjew
磽	ŋ̊ʰreːw, ŋreːws, *ŋ̊ʰeːwʔ
墝	*ŋ̊ʰreːw
穘	*hŋreːw
顤	hŋreːw, ŋeːws
燒	hŋjew, hŋjaws
饒	ŋjew, ŋjaws
蟯	ŋjew, ʔŋew
蕘	*ŋjew
襓	*ŋjew
繞	ŋjewʔ, ŋjaws
遶	*ŋjewʔ
嬈	njewʔ, neːwʔ, *hŋeːws
趬	ŋ̊ʰew, ŋ̊ʰews
蹺	*ŋ̊ʰew
翹	ɡew, ɡews
澆	ŋkeːw, ŋeːws
驍	*ŋkeːw
僥	kŋeːwʔ, ŋeːw
堯	*ŋeːw
垚	*ŋeːw
嶢	*ŋeːw
獟	*ŋeːws
膮	hŋeːw, hŋeːwʔ
嘵	*hŋeːw
憢	*hŋeːw
曉	*hŋeːwʔ
皢	*hŋeːwʔ

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Characters in the same phonetic series (垚) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *hŋeːwʔ): semantic 日 (“sun”) + phonetic 堯 (OC *ŋeːw).

Pronunciation

More information Variety, Location ...

Variety	Location	edit 曉
Mandarin	Beijing	/ɕiɑu²¹⁴/
	Harbin	/ɕiau²¹³/
	Tianjin	/ɕiɑu¹³/
	Jinan	/ɕiɔ⁵⁵/
	Qingdao	/ɕiɔ⁵⁵/
	Zhengzhou	/ɕiau⁵³/
	Xi'an	/ɕiau⁵³/
	Xining	/ɕiɔ⁵³/
	Yinchuan	/ɕiɔ⁵³/
	Lanzhou	/ɕiɔ⁴⁴²/
	Ürümqi	/ɕiɔ⁵¹/
	Wuhan	/ɕiau⁴²/
	Chengdu	/ɕiau⁵³/
	Guiyang	/ɕiao⁴²/
	Kunming	/ɕiɔ⁵³/
	Nanjing	/ɕiɔo²¹²/
	Hefei	/ɕiɔ²⁴/
Jin	Taiyuan	/ɕiau⁵³/
	Pingyao	/ɕiɔ⁵³/
	Hohhot	/ɕiɔ⁵³/
Wu	Shanghai	/ɕiɔ³⁵/
	Suzhou	/ɕiæ⁵¹/
	Hangzhou	/ɕiɔ⁵³/
	Wenzhou	/ɕa³⁵/
Hui	Shexian	/ɕiɔ³⁵/
Hui	Tunxi	/ɕio³¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/ɕiau⁴¹/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/ɕiaɯ⁴²/
Gan	Nanchang	/ɕiɛu²¹³/
Hakka	Meixian	/hiau³¹/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/hiɑu³¹/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/hiu³⁵/
	Nanning	/hiu³⁵/
	Hong Kong	/hiu³⁵/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/hiau⁵³/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/hieu³²/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/xiau²¹/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/hiau⁵³/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/hiau²¹³/

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More information Rime, Character ...

Rime
Character	曉
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	曉 (32)
Final (韻)	蕭 (93)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	馨皛切
Baxter	xewX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/heu^X/
Pan Wuyun	/heu^X/
Shao Rongfen	/xeu^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/hɛw^X/
Li Rong	/xeu^X/
Wang Li	/xieu^X/
Bernhard Karlgren	/xieu^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xiǎo
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hiu²

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More information Character, Reading # ...

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	曉
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	xiǎo
Middle Chinese	‹ xew^X ›
Old Chinese	/*qʰˁewʔ/
English	understand
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

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More information Zhengzhang system (2003), Character ...

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	曉
Reading #	1/1
No.	14699
Phonetic component	垚
Rime group	宵
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	䥵
Old Chinese	/*hŋeːwʔ/

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Mandarin
(Pinyin): xiǎo (xiao³)

(Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄠˇ
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): hiu²

(Taishan, Wiktionary): hiau²
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): hiáu

(Meixian, Guangdong): hiau³
Eastern Min (BUC): hiēu
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): hiáu

(Teochew, Peng'im): hiao² / hiou²
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵shiau

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: xiǎo
  - Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄠˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: siǎo
  - Wade–Giles: hsiao³
  - Yale: syǎu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sheau
  - Palladius: сяо (sjao)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: hiu²
  - Yale: híu
  - Cantonese Pinyin: hiu²
  - Guangdong Romanization: hiu²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hiːu̯³⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: hiau²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hiau⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hiáu
  - Hakka Romanization System: hiau^ˋ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: hiau³
  - Sinological IPA: /hi̯au̯³¹/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: hiau³
  - Sinological IPA: /hiau³¹/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: hiēu
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hieu³³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hiáu
  - Tâi-lô: hiáu
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hiao
  - IPA (Xiamen): /hiau⁵³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /hiau⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /hiau⁵³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /hiau⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /hiau⁴¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: hiao² / hiou²
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hiáu / hióu
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hiau⁵²/, /hiou⁵²/

Note:

hiao2 - Shantou;
hiou2 - Chaozhou.

Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁵shiau
  - MiniDict: shiau^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²xiau
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɕiɔ³⁴/

Dialectal data

Middle Chinese: xewX

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*qʰˤewʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*hŋeːwʔ/

Definitions

曉

dawn; daybreak
破曉／破晓 ― pòxiǎo ― dawn, daybreak; to dawn
- 春眠不覺曉，處處聞啼鳥。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  春眠不觉晓，处处闻啼鸟。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: 孟浩然 (Meng Hao Ran), 春曉, 8^th century CE
  Chūn mián bùjué xiǎo, chùchù wén tí niǎo. [Pinyin]
  Springtime, I've been asleep, unaware of dawning; everywhere, I hear birds calling.
to know; to understand; to get
通曉／通晓 ― tōngxiǎo ― to thoroughly understand
- 唐話、本係難曉、各處有各處嘅土談 [Cantonese, trad.]
  唐话、本系难晓、各处有各处嘅土谈 [Cantonese, simp.]
  From: 粵音指南·上卷, 卷之一　應對須知
  tong⁴ waa^6-2, bun² hai⁶ naan⁴ hiu², gok³ cyu³ jau⁵ gok³ cyu³ ge³ tou² taam⁴ [Jyutping]
  Chinese is fundamentally difficult to understand; every region has its own dialect
(Hakka, including Huiyang Hakka, Huicheng dialect) will; would
- (Can we date this quote?), “海南鷄飯”, 张少林 [Chong Sau Lin] (lyrics), 伍佰 [Wu Bai] (music)‎performed by 张少林 [Chong Sau Lin]:
  
  齐家吃开晓来称赞 [Malaysian Huiyang Hakka, simp.]
  齊家吃開曉來稱讚 [Malaysian Huiyang Hakka, trad.]
  After eating it, everyone would come to applaud
a surname

Synonyms

More information Variety, Location ...

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		會
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	會
	Taiwan	會
	Malaysia	會
	Singapore	會
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	會
Central Plains Mandarin	Xi'an	會
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	會
Southwestern Mandarin	Wuhan	會, 曉得
Jianghuai Mandarin	Yangzhou	會
Jianghuai Mandarin	Hefei	會
Cantonese	Guangzhou	會, 識, 識得, 曉
	Hong Kong	識, 識得, 曉
	Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou)	識
	Macau	識
	Taishan	會, 識, 識領, 曉, 曉領
	Yangjiang	會, 識
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	識
	Penang (Guangfu)	識
	Singapore (Guangfu)	識
Gan	Nanchang	會, 曉得
Hakka	Meixian	會, 識得, 曉, 曉得
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	曉得, 會
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	曉得, 會
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	曉得, 會
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	曉得, 曉
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	曉得, 會
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	會, 會曉
	Hong Kong	曉
	Sabah (Bao'an)	曉
	Kuching (Hepo)	曉
Jin	Taiyuan	會
Northern Min	Jian'ou	惡
Northern Min	Jianyang (Huangkeng)	解
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	會
Southern Min	Xiamen	會, 會曉
	Quanzhou	會, 會曉
	Zhangzhou	會, 會曉
	Taipei	會, 會曉
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	會, 會曉
	Kaohsiung	會, 會曉
	Yilan	會, 會曉
	Changhua (Lukang)	會, 會曉
	Taichung	會, 會曉
	Tainan	會, 會曉
	Hsinchu	會
	Kinmen	會
	Penghu (Magong)	會
	Singapore (Hokkien)	會曉
	Manila (Hokkien)	會曉
	Medan (Hokkien)	會曉
	Chaozhou	會, 會曉
	Shantou	會, 會曉
	Shantou (Chaoyang)	會
	Singapore (Teochew)	會曉
	Wenchang	捌
	Qionghai	捌
	Singapore (Hainanese)	捌
Zhongshan Min	Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi)	捌, 捌得
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	識
Wu	Shanghai	會, 曉得
	Suzhou	會
	Wenzhou	會
Xiang	Changsha	會, 曉得
Xiang	Shuangfeng	會, 曉得

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Dialectal synonyms of 會 (“to know how to; to be able to”) [map]

Compounds

不分不曉 / 不分不晓
不分曉 / 不分晓
不曉事 / 不晓事
不曉得 / 不晓得
侵曉 / 侵晓 (qīnxiǎo)
分分曉曉 / 分分晓晓
分曉 / 分晓 (fēnxiǎo)
向曉 / 向晓
報曉 / 报晓 (bàoxiǎo)
夜住曉行 / 夜住晓行
夜宿曉行 / 夜宿晓行
天曉 / 天晓
天曉得 / 天晓得
失曉 / 失晓
家喻戶曉 / 家喻户晓 (jiāyùhùxiǎo)
家至戶曉 / 家至户晓
戶告人曉 / 户告人晓
拂曉 / 拂晓 (fúxiǎo)
揭曉 / 揭晓 (jiēxiǎo)
明曉 / 明晓
昏曉 / 昏晓
春曉 / 春晓 (chūnxiǎo)
曉事 / 晓事 (xiǎoshì)
曉人 / 晓人
曉以大義 / 晓以大义
曉伏夜行 / 晓伏夜行
曉市 / 晓市 (xiǎoshì)
曉得 / 晓得 (xiǎode)
曉悟 / 晓悟
曉星 / 晓星
曉暢 / 晓畅 (xiǎochàng)
曉會 / 晓会
曉澳 / 晓澳 (Xiǎo'ào)
曉示 / 晓示
曉籌 / 晓筹
曉色 / 晓色
曉行夜宿 / 晓行夜宿
曉諭 / 晓谕 (xiǎoyù)
曉譬 / 晓譬
曉關 / 晓关 (Xiǎoguān)
曉風 / 晓风
曉風殘月 / 晓风残月
會曉 / 会晓 (ē-hiáu)
𣍐曉 / 𫧃晓 (bē-hiáu)
沒分曉 / 没分晓
洞曉 / 洞晓
清曉 / 清晓
無所不曉 / 无所不晓
盧溝曉月 / 卢沟晓月
知曉 / 知晓 (zhīxiǎo)
破曉 / 破晓 (pòxiǎo)
精曉 / 精晓
老不曉事 / 老不晓事
花塢春曉 / 花坞春晓
薄曉 / 薄晓
見分曉 / 见分晓
討個分曉 / 讨个分晓
討分曉 / 讨分晓
通曉 / 通晓 (tōngxiǎo)
雌雞報曉 / 雌鸡报晓

Shinjitai	暁
Kyūjitai	曉

Kanji

曉

(Jinmeiyō kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 暁)

Kyūjitai form of 暁

Readings

Go-on: きょう (kyō)^{←けう (keu, historical)}
Kan-on: きょう (kyō)^{←けう (keu, historical)}
Kan’yō-on: ぎょう (gyō)^{←げう (geu, historical)}
Kun: あかつき (akatsuki, 曉)、さとる (satoru, 曉る)
Nanori: あき (aki)、あきら (akira)、あけ (ake)、さとし (satoshi)、とき (toki)、とし (toshi)

Definitions

For pronunciation and definitions of 曉 – see the following entry.

【暁】S	[kanji] jōyō kanji Kanji reading: きょう, ぎょう, あかつき, さとす, さとる, あき, あきら, あけ, あつき, さとし, てる, とき, とし, ゆたか

(This term, 曉, is the kyūjitai of the above term.)

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 曉 (MC xewX).

Historical readings

Recorded as Middle Korean 효ᇢ〯 (Yale: hyǒw) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
Recorded as Middle Korean 효〯 (hyǒ) (Yale: hyǒ) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Pronunciation

(SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [ço(ː)]
Phonetic hangul: [효(ː)]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

曉

Wikisource 曉 (eumhun 새벽 효 (saebyeok hyo))

hanja form^? of 효 (“dawn”)

Compounds

원효 (元曉, wonhyo)
효성 (曉星, hyoseong)
효연 (曉然, hyoyeon)

References

국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Etymology

From 明か (aka, the 未然形 (mizenkei, “incomplete form”) of verb 明く (aku), “to open”) +‎ 時 (to₂ki₁, “time, moment, hour”).^[1]^[2]

Noun

曉 (akato₂ki₁) (kana あかとき)

the dawn, daybreak
- c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 18, poem 4084:
  , text here
  安可登吉爾名能里奈久奈流保登等藝須伊夜米豆良之久於毛保由流香母
  akato₂ki₁ ni nano₂ri nakunaru poto₂to₂gi₁su iya medurasiku omopoyuru ka mo
  (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Coordinate terms

夕へ (yupupe₁, “twilight”)
宵 (yo₂pi₁, “dusk-night hours”)
夜中 (yo₁naka, “midnight”)
朝 (asita, “next morning”)

Derived terms

曉降ち (akato₂ki₁kudati)
曉月夜 (akato₂ki₁-dukuyo₁)
曉露 (akato₂ki₁tuyu)
曉闇 (akato₂ki₁yami₂)

Descendants

Japanese: 暁 (akatsuki)

References

[1]
Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
[2]
Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Han character

曉: Hán Nôm readings: hẻo, hểu, hiểu

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

[1] [1]
Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN

[2] [2]
Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[1]

[2]

曉

Han character

Derived characters

Related characters

References

Glyph origin

Pronunciation

Definitions

Synonyms

Compounds

Kanji

Readings

Definitions

Etymology

Pronunciation

Hanja

Compounds

References

Etymology

Noun

Coordinate terms

Derived terms

Descendants

References

Han character

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