恥

See also: 耻

恥	U+6065, 恥 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6065

← 恤
[U+6064]

CJK Unified Ideographs

恦 →
[U+6066]

Han character

恥 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+6, 10 strokes, cangjie input 尸十心 (SJP), four-corner 1310₀, composition ⿰耳心)

Derived characters

𠺨, 𮝡, 𢟛

Related characters

耻 (Variant form)

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 385, character 6
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10585
Dae Jaweon: page 716, character 2
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2290, character 1
Unihan data for U+6065

More information trad., simp. ...

trad.		恥/耻
simp.		耻

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Glyph origin

More information Historical forms of the character 恥, Warring States ...

Historical forms of the character 恥
Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Chu slip and silk script	Small seal script

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More information Old Chinese ...

	Old Chinese
佴	nɯːs, njɯs
麛	*miː
弭	*mniʔ
渳	*mniʔ
葞	*mniʔ
髶	njis, njoŋ
聻	*nɯʔ
恥	*n̥ʰɯʔ
咡	njɯ, njɯs
誀	njɯ, njɯs
耳	*njɯʔ
洱	njɯʔ, njɯs
駬	*njɯʔ
餌	*njɯs
珥	*njɯs
衈	*njɯs
毦	*njɯs
刵	*njɯs
眲	njɯs, rnɯːɡ

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Characters in the same phonetic series (耳) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *n̥ʰɯʔ) : phonetic 耳 (OC *njɯʔ) + semantic 心 (“heart”)

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-ni (“red”) (STEDT). Cognate with Burmese နီ (ni, “red”), 怩 (OC *nil, “ashamed”).

Pronunciation

More information Variety, Location ...

Variety	Location	edit 恥
Mandarin	Beijing	/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩²¹⁴/
	Harbin	/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩²¹³/
	Tianjin	/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩¹³/
	Jinan	/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁵⁵/
	Qingdao	/tʃʰz̩⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁵³/
	Xi'an	/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁵³/
	Xining	/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁵³/
	Yinchuan	/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁵³/
	Lanzhou	/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁴⁴²/
	Ürümqi	/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁵¹/
	Wuhan	/t͡sʰz̩⁴²/
	Chengdu	/t͡sʰz̩⁵³/
	Guiyang	/t͡sʰz̩⁴²/
	Kunming	/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁵³/
	Nanjing	/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩²¹²/
	Hefei	/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩²⁴/
Jin	Taiyuan	/t͡sʰz̩⁵³/
	Pingyao	/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁵³/
	Hohhot	/t͡sʰz̩⁵³/
Wu	Shanghai	/t͡sʰz̩³⁵/
	Suzhou	/t͡sʰz̩ʷ⁵¹/
	Hangzhou	/t͡sʰz̩⁵³/
	Wenzhou	/t͡sʰz̩³⁵/
Hui	Shexian	/t͡ɕʰi³⁵/
Hui	Tunxi	/t͡ɕʰi³¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/tʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁴¹/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁴²/
Gan	Nanchang	/t͡sʰz̩²¹³/
Hakka	Meixian	/t͡sʰz̩³¹/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/tʃʰï³¹/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/t͡sʰi³⁵/
	Nanning	/t͡sʰi³⁵/
	Hong Kong	/t͡sʰi³⁵/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/tʰi⁵³/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/tʰi³²/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/t͡sʰi²¹/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/t͡sʰi⁵³/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/t͡si²¹³/ /sun²¹³/ 訓蠢

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More information Rime, Character ...

Rime
Character	恥
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	徹 (10)
Final (韻)	之 (19)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	敕里切
Baxter	trhiX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʈʰɨ^X/
Pan Wuyun	/ʈʰɨ^X/
Shao Rongfen	/ȶʰie^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʈʰɨ^X/
Li Rong	/ȶʰiə^X/
Wang Li	/ȶʰĭə^X/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ȶʰi^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	chǐ
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ci²

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More information Character, Reading # ...

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	恥
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	chǐ
Middle Chinese	‹ trhi^X ›
Old Chinese	/*n̥rəʔ/
English	shame; ashamed
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

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More information Zhengzhang system (2003), Character ...

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	恥
Reading #	1/1
No.	2780
Phonetic component	耳
Rime group	之
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	恥
Old Chinese	/*n̥ʰɯʔ/

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Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): chǐ (chi³)

(Zhuyin): ㄔˇ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): ci³
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): ci²

(Taishan, Wiktionary): ci²
Gan (Wiktionary): ci³
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): chhṳ́

(Hailu, HRS): chi^ˊ

(Meixian, Guangdong): ci³
Jin (Wiktionary): ci²
Northern Min (KCR): chǐ
Eastern Min (BUC): tī
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): ti³
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): thí

(Teochew, Peng'im): ci²
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵tshy
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): chr³

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: chǐ
  - Zhuyin: ㄔˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: chǐh
  - Wade–Giles: chʻih³
  - Yale: chř
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chyy
  - Palladius: чи (či)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩²¹⁴/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: ci³
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: c
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰz̩⁵³/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: ci²
  - Yale: chí
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tsi²
  - Guangdong Romanization: qi²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰiː³⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: ci²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰi⁵⁵/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: ci³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰz̩²¹³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhṳ́
  - Hakka Romanization System: cii^ˋ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ci³
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰɨ³¹/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: chi^ˊ
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡ʃʰi²⁴/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: ci³
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰz̩³¹/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: ci²
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡sʰz̩⁵³/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: chǐ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰi²¹/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: tī
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰi³³/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: ti³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰi⁴⁵³/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: ti³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰi³³²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thí
  - Tâi-lô: thí
  - Phofsit Daibuun: tie
  - IPA (Xiamen): /tʰi⁵³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰi⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /tʰi⁵³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /tʰi⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /tʰi⁴¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: ci²
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshí
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰi⁵²/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁵tshy
  - MiniDict: tshy^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²tshr
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡sʰz̩³⁴/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: chr³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key) (old-style): /ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁴¹/
  - Sinological IPA ^(key) (new-style): /t͡sʰz̩⁴¹/

Dialectal data

Middle Chinese: trhiX

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*n̥rəʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*n̥ʰɯʔ/

Definitions

恥

(literary) to humiliate; to put to shame
shame; disgrace; humiliation
Synonym: 恥辱 / 耻辱 (chǐrǔ)

體壇之恥／体坛之耻 ― tǐtán zhī chǐ ― disgrace to the sports world
ashamed
Synonym: 羞愧 (xiūkuì)

Compounds

一雪前恥 / 一雪前耻 (yīxuěqiánchǐ)
不以為恥 / 不以为耻 (bùyǐwéichǐ)
不恥 / 不耻 (bùchǐ)
不恥下問 / 不耻下问 (bùchǐxiàwèn)
不識羞恥 / 不识羞耻
五九國恥 / 五九国耻
刷恥 / 刷耻
包羞忍恥 / 包羞忍耻
卑鄙無恥 / 卑鄙无耻 (bēibǐwúchǐ)
厚顏無恥 / 厚颜无耻 (hòuyánwúchǐ)
可恥 / 可耻 (kěchǐ)
含垢忍恥 / 含垢忍耻
國恥 / 国耻 (guóchǐ)
報仇雪恥 / 报仇雪耻 (bàochóuxuěchǐ)
奇恥大辱 / 奇耻大辱 (qíchǐdàrǔ)
寡廉鮮恥 / 寡廉鲜耻 (guǎliánxiǎnchǐ)
廉恥 / 廉耻 (liánchǐ)
復仇雪恥 / 复仇雪耻
忍恥偷生 / 忍耻偷生
忍恥含垢 / 忍耻含垢
忍恥含羞 / 忍耻含羞
恬不知恥 / 恬不知耻 (tiánbùzhīchǐ)
恥丘 / 耻丘
恥居人下 / 耻居人下
恥居王後 / 耻居王后
恬然不恥 / 恬然不耻
恥笑 / 耻笑 (chǐxiào)
恥與為伍 / 耻与为伍 (chǐyǔwéiwǔ)
恥辱 / 耻辱 (chǐrǔ)
恥骨 / 耻骨 (chǐgǔ)
明恥教戰 / 明耻教战
會稽之恥 / 会稽之耻
有恥 / 有耻
毀廉蔑恥 / 毁廉蔑耻
湔雪前恥 / 湔雪前耻 (jiānxuěqiánchǐ)
無恥 / 无耻 (wúchǐ)
無恥之尤 / 无耻之尤 (wúchǐzhīyóu)
瓶罄罍恥 / 瓶罄罍耻
知恥 / 知耻
禮義廉恥 / 礼义廉耻 (lǐyìliánchǐ)
缾罄罍恥 / 瓶罄罍耻
羞恥 / 羞耻 (xiūchǐ)
荒淫無恥 / 荒淫无耻 (huāngyínwúchǐ)
藏垢懷恥 / 藏垢怀耻
行己有恥 / 行己有耻
買妻恥樵 / 买妻耻樵
雪恥 / 雪耻 (xuěchǐ)

Alternative forms

辱
耻

Kanji

恥

(Jōyō kanji)

Readings

Go-on: ち (chi, Jōyō)
Kan-on: ち (chi, Jōyō)
Kun: はじ (haji, 恥, Jōyō)^{←はぢ (fadi, 恥, historical)}、はじる (hajiru, 恥じる, Jōyō)^{←はぢる (fadiru, 恥ぢる, historical)}、はじらう (hajirau, 恥じらう, Jōyō)^{←はぢらふ (fadirafu, 恥ぢらふ, historical)}、はずかしい (hazukashii, 恥ずかしい, Jōyō)^{←はづかしい (fadukasii, 恥づかしい, historical)}
Nanori: はつる (hatsuru)

Etymology

More information Kanji in this term ...

Kanji in this term
恥
はじ Grade: S
kun'yomi

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More information Alternative spelling ...

Alternative spelling
耻

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Ultimately from Proto-Japonic *pantuy.

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) はじ [hàjíꜜ] (Odaka – [2])^[1]^[2]
IPA^(key): [ha̠ʑi]

Noun

恥(はじ) • (haji) ^{←はぢ (fadi)^?}

shame
- 1948, Osamu Dazai, Ningen Shikkaku [No Longer Human]‎:
  
  恥(はじ)の多(おお)い生(しょう)涯(がい)を送(おく)って来(き)ました。
  Haji no ōi shōgai o okutte kimashita.
  I have lived a greatly shameful life.

References

[1]
Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
[2]
NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

Hanja

恥 • (chi) (hangeul 치, revised chi, McCune–Reischauer ch'i, Yale chi)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Han character

恥: Hán Nôm readings: xỉ, sỉ

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

[DJR-1] [1]
Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[NHK-2] [2]
NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

[1]

[2]

恥

Han character

Derived characters

Related characters

References

Glyph origin

Etymology

Pronunciation

Definitions

Compounds

See also

Alternative forms

Kanji

Readings

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

References

Hanja

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