弩
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
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Han character
弩 (Kangxi radical 57, 弓+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 女水弓 (VEN), four-corner 47207, composition ⿱奴弓)
Derived characters
- 𱓕, 𢮫, 𱣳, 𬊨, 𫯅, 𫛇
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 358, character 3
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 9760
- Dae Jaweon: page 674, character 17
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 994, character 5
- Unihan data for U+5F29
Glyph origin
| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 拿 | *rnaː |
| 拏 | *rnaː |
| 詉 | *rnaː |
| 蒘 | *rnaː, *na |
| 笯 | *rnaː, *naː, *naːs |
| 挐 | *rnaː, *na |
| 絮 | *rnaːs, *nas, *snas, *nas |
| 呶 | *rnaːw |
| 怓 | *rnaːw |
| 帑 | *n̥ʰaːŋʔ, *naː |
| 奴 | *naː |
| 砮 | *naː, *naːʔ |
| 駑 | *naː |
| 孥 | *naː |
| 努 | *naːʔ |
| 弩 | *naːʔ |
| 怒 | *naːʔ, *naːs |
| 袽 | *na |
| 帤 | *na |
| 女 | *naʔ, *nas |
| 籹 | *naʔ |
| 恕 | *hnjas |
| 如 | *nja, *njas |
| 茹 | *nja, *njaʔ, *njas |
| 洳 | *nja, *njas |
| 鴽 | *nja |
| 蕠 | *nja |
| 汝 | *njaʔ |
| 肗 | *njaʔ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *naːʔ): phonetic 奴 (OC *naː) + semantic 弓 (“bow”).
Etymology
Compare Proto-Tibeto-Burman *s-na (“crossbow”), whence Drung tana, Naxi daqna.
Unger (1990) suggests a derivation from 努 (OC *naːʔ, “to tense; to exert”), as the crossbow shoots arrows by releasing elastic potential energy stored in its limbs. Ferlus (1999) cites Gernet's opinion that 砮 (OC *naː, *naːʔ, “stone arrow-tip”) had been semantically extended to mean the whole crossbow.
More likely, 弩 (OC *naːʔ) and Proto-Tibeto-Burman *s-na were Sinitic and Tibeto-Burman renditions of a Mainland Southeast Asian Wanderwort (Ratliff, 2010), possibly of Austroasiatic origin (Norman and Mei, 1976; Benedict, 1990; Schuessler, 2007). Compare other MSEA lexical items meaning "crossbow":
- Proto-Mon-Khmer *snaʔ, whence Vietnamese ná, Khmer ស្នា (snaa);
- Proto-Hmong-Mien *nhaᴮ, whence White Hmong hneev, Iu Mien hnaav;
- Proto-Tai *ʰnwɯəꟲ, whence Thai หน้าไม้ (nâa-máai), Lao ໜ້າໄມ້ (nā mai), Lü ᦐᦱᧉᦺᦙᧉ (ṅaa²may²).
Also compare Proto-Austronesian *panaq (“to shoot (an arrow)”) (cf. Proto-Mon-Khmer *paɲʔ) whence Malay panah, Tagalog panà, Hawaiian pana.
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄋㄨˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: nǔ
- Wade–Giles: nu3
- Yale: nǔ
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: nuu
- Palladius: ну (nu)
- Sinological IPA (key): /nu²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: nou5
- Yale: nóuh
- Cantonese Pinyin: nou5
- Guangdong Romanization: nou5
- Sinological IPA (key): /nou̯¹³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ló͘
- Tâi-lô: lóo
- Phofsit Daibuun: lor
- IPA (Xiamen): /lɔ⁵³/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /lɔ⁵⁵⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: nó͘
- Tâi-lô: nóo
- Phofsit Daibuun: nor
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /nɔ̃⁵³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lō͘
- Tâi-lô: lōo
- Phofsit Daibuun: lo
- IPA (Xiamen): /lɔ²²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lǒ͘
- Tâi-lô: lǒo
- IPA (Quanzhou): /lɔ²²/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou)
- Middle Chinese: nuX
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*C.nˤaʔ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*naːʔ/
Definitions
弩
Compounds
Kanji
弩
- crossbow
- one of abbreviations for loanwords whose transcription begin with the syllable ド (Do). Especially, dreadnought.
- 1916, Machida Shiro, 獨逸戰前の真相, Waseda University Press, page 129:
- 獨逸に於ける最初の弩級戦艦はナッサウ、エストファーレンの二艦である
- The first dreadnought-class battleships in Germany are Nassau and Westfalen
- 1916, Machida Shiro, 獨逸戰前の真相, Waseda University Press, page 129:
Readings
Definitions
| For pronunciation and definitions of 弩 – see the following entry. | ||
| ||
| (This term, 弩, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) |
Hanja
弩 • (no) (hangeul 노, revised no, McCune–Reischauer no, Yale no)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Han character
弩: Hán Nôm readings: nỏ, nỗ, ná, nõ
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
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