पर

Pronunciation

• (Delhi) IPA^(key): /pəɾ/, [pɐɾ]

Etymology 1

Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀧𑀭𑀺 (pari), 𑀉𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀭𑀺 (uppari), from Sanskrit उपरि (upari, “above”),^[1] from Proto-Indo-Aryan *upári, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *upári, from Proto-Indo-European *upér, from *upo.

Cognate with Gujarati પર (par), Marathi वर (var), and distantly Latin super and Old English ofer (whence English over). Doublet of ऊपर (ūpar).

Etymology 2

Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀧𑀭𑀁 (paraṃ), from Sanskrit परम् (param, “after, but”), oblique of पर (para, “distant, further”).

Etymology 3

Borrowed from Classical Persian پر (par).

Etymology 4

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit पर (para).

References

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [pʌɾʌ]
• Phonetic Devanagari: परअ

Verb

पर • (para)

1. mid-respectful second-person singular imperative of पर्नु (parnu)

Alternative forms

Adjective

पर

1. Devanagari script form of para (“other”)

Alternative scripts

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *péro-. Compare Hittite 𒁉𒂊𒊏𒀭 (pēran), Ancient Greek πέρᾱ (pérā).

Adjective

पर • (para) stem

1. (with ablative) other, different (than)
2. far, distant, remote
3. unfamiliar, alien
4. opposite
5. ulterior
6. ancient
7. following, succeeding, subsequent, next
8. final, last, ultimate
9. more than, exceeding
10. left, remaining
11. concerned, anxious, nervous

Noun

पर • (para) stem, m

1. a stranger
2. a foe, enemy, adversary, opponent
3. the supreme Being

Noun

पर • (para) stem, n

1. remoteness
2. the highest point/degree
3. the supreme Being
4. (taxonomy) genus
5. existence

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “पर”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, pages 586/1-2.
• Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 86-7