اسم
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Etymology 1
From Proto-Semitic *šim-, from Proto-Afroasiatic *sim- (“name”). Leveled in Arabic to the roots و س م (w s m) and س م و (s m w).
Cognate with Hebrew שם (shém).
Pronunciation
Noun
اِسْم • (ism) m (plural أَسْمَاء (ʔasmāʔ) or أَسَامٍ (ʔasāmin))
- name
- مَا ٱسْمُكَ؟ ― mā smuka? ― What is your name?
- بِسْمِ اللّٰهِ الرَّحْمٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ ― bismi allāhi r-raḥmāni r-raḥīmi ― in the name of God, the Merciful, the Compassionate
- بِسْمِ ٱلْآبِ وَٱلِٱبْنِ وَٱلرُّوحِ ٱلْقُدُسِ ― bismi l-ʔābi wal-ibni war-rūḥi l-qudusi ― In the name of the Father, the Son, and the Holy Ghost
- appellation
- reputation, prestige
- (grammar) noun (a category above, including pronouns and substantives like adjectives and participles, see the derived terms to get a picture of the usage)
Declension
| Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
| Informal | اِسْم ism |
الِاسْم al-ism |
اِسْم ism |
| Nominative | اِسْمٌ ismun |
الِاسْمُ al-ismu |
اِسْمُ ismu |
| Accusative | اِسْمًا isman |
الِاسْمَ al-isma |
اِسْمَ isma |
| Genitive | اِسْمٍ ismin |
الِاسْمِ al-ismi |
اِسْمِ ismi |
| Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
| Informal | اِسْمَيْن ismayn |
الِاسْمَيْن al-ismayn |
اِسْمَيْ ismay |
| Nominative | اِسْمَانِ ismāni |
الِاسْمَانِ al-ismāni |
اِسْمَا ismā |
| Accusative | اِسْمَيْنِ ismayni |
الِاسْمَيْنِ al-ismayni |
اِسْمَيْ ismay |
| Genitive | اِسْمَيْنِ ismayni |
الِاسْمَيْنِ al-ismayni |
اِسْمَيْ ismay |
| Plural | basic broken plural triptote; broken plural diptote in ـٍ (-in) | ||
| Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
| Informal | أَسْمَاء; أَسَامِي ʔasmāʔ; ʔasāmī |
الْأَسْمَاء; الْأَسَامِي al-ʔasmāʔ; al-ʔasāmī |
أَسْمَاء; أَسَامِي ʔasmāʔ; ʔasāmī |
| Nominative | أَسْمَاءٌ; أَسَامٍ ʔasmāʔun; ʔasāmin |
الْأَسْمَاءُ; الْأَسَامِي al-ʔasmāʔu; al-ʔasāmī |
أَسْمَاءُ; أَسَامِي ʔasmāʔu; ʔasāmī |
| Accusative | أَسْمَاءً; أَسَامِيَ ʔasmāʔan; ʔasāmiya |
الْأَسْمَاءَ; الْأَسَامِيَ al-ʔasmāʔa; al-ʔasāmiya |
أَسْمَاءَ; أَسَامِيَ ʔasmāʔa; ʔasāmiya |
| Genitive | أَسْمَاءٍ; أَسَامٍ ʔasmāʔin; ʔasāmin |
الْأَسْمَاءِ; الْأَسَامِي al-ʔasmāʔi; al-ʔasāmī |
أَسْمَاءِ; أَسَامِي ʔasmāʔi; ʔasāmī |
Declension of noun اِسْم (ism)
Derived terms
- اَلْأَسْمَاء الْخَمْسَة (al-ʔasmāʔ al-ḵamsa, “the five nouns”)
- اِسْم آلَة (ism ʔāla, “nomen instrumenti”)
- اِسْم إِشَارَة (ism ʔišāra, “pronomen demonstrativum”)
- اِسْم اِسْتِفْهَام (ism istifhām, “pronomen interrogativum”)
- اِسْم تَفْضِيل (ism tafḍīl, “elativus”)
- اِسْم جَمْع (ism jamʕ, “nomen generis”)
- اِسْم جِنْس (ism jins, “nomen appellativum”)
- اِسْم جِنْس إِفْرَادِيّ (ism jins ʔifrādiyy)
- اِسْم جِنْس جَمْعِيّ (ism jins jamʕiyy)
- اِسْم زَمَان (ism zamān, “nomen temporis”)
- اِسْم عَدَد (ism ʕadad, “nomen numeri”)
- اِسْم عَلَم (ism ʕalam, “nomen proprium”)
- اِسْم فَاعِل (ism fāʕil, “participium activum”)
- اِسْم مَرَّة (ism marra, “nomen vicis”)
- اِسْم مَفْعُول (ism mafʕūl, “participium passivum”)
- اِسْم مَقْصُور (ism maqṣūr, “noun ending in ى or ا”)
- اِسْم مَكَان (ism makān, “nomen loci”)
- اِسْم مَنْقُوص (ism manqūṣ, “noun ending in ـٍ (-in)”)
- اِسْم مَوْصُول (ism mawṣūl, “pronomen relativum”)
- اِسْم نَوْع (ism nawʕ, “nomen speciei”)
- اِسْم هَيْئَة (ism hayʔa, “nomen speciei”)
- اِسْم وَحْدَة (ism waḥda, “nomen unitatis”)
- اِسْم وِعَاء (ism wiʕāʔ, “nomen vasis”)
- اِسْمِيّ (ismiyy, “nominal, titular”)
Descendants
Etymology 2
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Verb
اُسْمُ • (usmu) (form I) /us.mu/
- second-person masculine singular imperative of سَمَا (samā)
Further reading
- Freytag, Georg (1833) “اسم”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum (in Latin), volume 2, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, pages 359–360
- Carter, Michael George (2017) “The Seven Deadly Sins of Arabic Studies”, in Manuel Sartori, Manuela E. B. Giolfo, Philippe Cassuto, editors, Approaches to the History and Dialectology of Arabic in Honor of Pierre Larcher (Studies in Semitic Languages and Linguistics; 88), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 519–521
- Kasher, Almog (2009 October 1) “Term Ism in Medieval Arabic Grammatical Tradition: A Hyponym of Itself”, in Journal of Semitic Studies, Oxford Academix, retrieved 26 October 2018
- Wehr, Hans (1979) “سم”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN
Noun
اسم (ism) (definite accusative اسمی, plural اسملر)
- Alternative spelling of ایسیم
Etymology
Pronunciation
Noun
اسم • (isim) m (construct state اِسْم (ism), plural أسامي (ʔasāmi) or أسماء (ʔasmāʔ))
Etymology
Pronunciation
- (Johor-Selangor) IPA(key): /isem/
- (Riau-Lingga) IPA(key): /isɪm/
- Rhymes: -isem, -sem, -em
Noun
اسم (plural اسم-اسم or اسم٢, informal 1st possessive اسمکو, 2nd possessive اسممو, 3rd possessive اسمڽ)
Etymology
Noun
اسم • (ism, isim) (plural اسملر)
Synonyms
- آد (ad)
Descendants
- Turkish: isim
Etymology
Pronunciation
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): [ʔism]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [ʔesm]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [ʔism]
Noun
اسم • (esm) (plural اسم‌ها (esm-hâ) or اسامی (asâmi) or اَسْماء (asmâ'))
- (especially Iran) name
- Synonym: نام (nâm)
- 2024 April 30, “یک سند محرمانه از تعرض جنسی به نیکا شاکرمی و جزئیات قتل او به دست نیروهای امنیتی ایران پرده برداشت”, in bbc.com/persian, BBC Persian:
- این اسناد شامل اسامی قاتلان نیکا و فرماندهان ارشدی است که سعی کردند واقعیت این ماجرا را مخفی کنند.
- in asnâd šâmel-e asâmi-ye qâtelân-e nikâ va farmândehân-e aršâdi ast ke sa'y kardand vâqe'iyat-e in mâjarâ râ maxfi konand.
- These documents contain the names of Nika's murderers and the senior commanders who attempted to hide the truth behind the incident.
- appellation
- Synonym: نامیده (nâmide)
- (grammar) noun
- Hyponym: اسم خاص (esm-e xâs)
Usage notes
Descendants
Etymology
Pronunciation
Noun
اسم • (ʔism, ʔusm) m (plural أسامي (ʔasāmi))
Etymology
Noun
اسم (ʔism) m
- name
- شسمك ؟
- šismik
- What's your name?
- noun
- title
- ما ختارش اسم باهي لكتابه
- mā ḵtāriš ʔism bāhi liktābu
- He didn't choose a good title for his book
- first name
Etymology 1
Borrowed from Classical Persian اسم (ism), from Arabic اِسْم (ism).
Pronunciation
- (Standard Urdu) IPA(key): /ɪsm/
Noun
اِسْم • (ism) m (Hindi spelling इस्म)
- (rare) name, appellation, designation
- (grammar) noun, substantive
Synonyms
- نام (nām)
Etymology 2
Learned borrowing from Sanskrit असम (asama).
Pronunciation
- (Standard Urdu) IPA(key): /ə.səm/
Adjective
Further reading
- Qureshi, Bashir Ahmad (1971) “اسم”, in Kitabistan's 20th Century Standard Dictionary, Lahore: Kitabistan Pub. Co.
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