не
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *ne, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *ne, from Proto-Indo-European *ne.
Pronunciation
Adverb
не • (nje)
- no (word used to indicate disagreement or negative)
Alternative forms
- ня (nja) — Taraškievica orthography (before a stressed syllable)
Particle
не • (nje)
- not
- я не разуме́ю ― ja nje razumjéju ― I don't understand
Usage notes
- By some standards and conventions не (nje) is always written, even if it's pronounced as ня (nja).
- ня (nja) can sometimes be replaced with не (nje) but не (nje) can't be replaced with ня (nja) if it's not in a pre-tonal position, for example:
- я ня ве́даю (ja nja vjédaju) = я не ве́даю (ja nje vjédaju)
я ня разуме́ю (ja nja razumjéju) =я не разуме́ю (ja nje razumjéju)
- ня (nja) can't replace не (nje) in any stressed position or as an adverb no (word used to indicate disagreement or negative)
Etymology
Inherited from Old Church Slavonic не (ne), from Proto-Slavic *ne, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *ne, from Proto-Indo-European *ne.
Pronunciation
Particle
не • (ne)
- used to show disagreement or negation, no
- Не, грешиш.
- Ne, grešiš.
- No, you are mistaken.
- Не, сега не може да гледаш телевизия.
- Ne, sega ne može da gledaš televizija.
- No, you may not watch television now.
- used to negate the meaning of the following word or phrase, not, n't
- Не знам.
- Ne znam.
- I don't know.
- Не мога.
- Ne moga.
- I cannot.
- Мария не им даде възможност да се извинят.
- Marija ne im dade vǎzmožnost da se izvinjat.
- Maria didn't give them a chance to apologize.
- Не Мария им даде възможност да се извинят.
- Ne Marija im dade vǎzmožnost da se izvinjat.
- It was not Maria who gave them a chance to apologize. (Someone else did.)
- Не на тях Мария даде възможност да се извинят.
- Ne na tjah Marija dade vǎzmožnost da se izvinjat.
- It was not to them that Maria gave a chance to apologize. (She gave it to someone else.)
- Не възможност да се извинят им даде Мария.
- Ne vǎzmožnost da se izvinjat im dade Marija.
- It was not a chance to apologize that Maria gave them. (She gave them something else.)
- Не да се извинят им даде възможност Мария.
- Ne da se izvinjat im dade vǎzmožnost Marija.
- It was not a chance to apologize that Maria gave them. (She gave them a chance to do something else.)
Anagrams
- не- (ne-)
Etymology
From Proto-Turkic *nē- (“what”).
Pronunciation
Pronoun
не • (ne)
- (interrogative) what
Conjunction
не • (ne)
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *ne, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *ne, from Proto-Indo-European *ne.
Pronunciation
Adverb
не • (ne)
Particle
не • (ne)
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic *ne, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *ne, from Proto-Indo-European *ne.
Particle
не • (ne)
Related terms
- ни (ni)
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic *ne. Cognates include Old Church Slavonic не (ne) and Old Polish nie.
Pronunciation
- Hyphenation: не
Particle
не (ne)
- no
- not
- 1076, Sviatoslav's izbornik, page 2:
- не рече оустꙑ тъчью иꙁгл҃аахъ·
- ne reče usty tŭčĭju izgl:aaxŭ·
- He didn't say: I just pronounced [them] with [my] mouth;
Descendants
References
- Sreznevsky, Izmail I. (1902) “не”, in Матеріалы для Словаря древне-русскаго языка по письменнымъ памятникамъ [Materials for the Dictionary of the Old East Slavic Language Based on Written Monuments] (in Russian), volume 2 (Л – П), Saint Petersburg: Department of Russian Language and Literature of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, column 354
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *ne, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *ne, from Proto-Indo-European *ne. Cognates include Lithuanian ne, Old English ne, Gothic 𐌽𐌹 (ni), Irish ní, Latin ne, Sanskrit न (ná).
Pronunciation
Particle
не • (ne)
- (negative in full) not, no, -n't, without
- Idiomatic negative usage
- (мне) не по себе́ ― (mne) ne po sebé ― (I) feel sick; (I) feel uncomfortable
- не раз ― ne raz ― more than once (literary: not once); time and again; repeatedly; many a time
- Я ви́дел вас не раз. ― Ja vídel vas ne raz. ― I have seen you often.
- тем не ме́нее ― tem ne méneje ― nevertheless
- (partial negative) perhaps not, whether ... or not
- will never (implying impossibility to do something)
- (usually not translated, gives affirmative meaning for expression, especially in exclamations)
Usage notes
не sometimes appears stressed, e.g. in the past negative of быть (bytʹ, “to be”), where the forms appear as не́ был (né byl), не была́ (ne bylá), не́ было (né bylo), не́ были (né byli) (i.e. не is stressed in the masculine singular, the neuter singular and the plural, but not the feminine singular).
Prefix
не • (ne)
Interjection
не • (ne)
- (colloquial) no (used to show disagreement or negation)
- Synonym: (standard and common term) нет (net)
- Помо́жешь мне? Не, да́же и не ду́май. ― Pomóžešʹ mne? Ne, dáže i ne dúmaj. ― Will you help me? No, don't even think about it.
See also
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *ne, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *ne, from Proto-Indo-European *ne.
Pronunciation
Particle
не (Latin spelling ne)
- not (denoting negation)
- Не знам. ― I don't know.
- Он је не само даровит, већ и јако марљив. ― He is not only talented, but also very industrious.
- хтео-не хтео ― whether you want it or not
- Да не спаваш? ― Aren't you sleeping?
- Не могу, а да не… ― I cannot but…
- рећи не ― to say no, refuse, decline
- не мање него… ― no less then…
- не доћи ― to fail to come, not come
- … Зар не? ― … Aren't you? (Do you?, Don't you?)
Interjection
не (Latin spelling ne)
- no
- Да ли си демократа? Не! ― Are you a democrat? No!
Synonyms
- јок (dialectal, from Turkish)
Antonyms
Etymology
From Proto-Turkic *nē-. Cognate with Kazakh не (ne), Karakalpak ne, Nogai не (ne, “what?”), Kyrgyz не (ne), Crimean Tatar ne, Kumyk не (ne), Bashkir ни (ni), Tatar ни (ni), Azerbaijani nə, Salar neñ, Turkish ne (“what?”), Uzbek na, Uyghur نە (ne), Khakas ноо (noo), Shor ноо, Tuvan чүү (çüü), Western Yugur ne, etc.
Pronoun
не • (ne)
Etymology
Inherited from Classical Persian نی (nē), see there for more.
Adverb
не • (ne)
See also
- на (na)
Etymology
From Proto-Samoyedic *ne, from Proto-Uralic *niŋä.
Pronunciation
Noun
не • (nye)
Declension
| Declension of не (nye) (regular) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| singular | dual | plural | |
| nominative | не (nye) | нехэʼ (nyexeh) | неˮ (nyeq) |
| genitive | неʼ (nyeh) | нехэʼ (nyexeh) | неˮ (nyeq) |
| accusative | нем (nyem°) | нехэʼ (nyexeh) | не (nye) |
| allative | нен (nyen°) | нехэняʼ (nyexenyah) | нехэˮ (nyexeq) |
| locative | нехэна (nyexena) | нехэняна (nyexenyana) | нехэˮна (nyexeqna) |
| ablative | нехэд (nyexed°) | нехэняд (nyexenyad°) | нехэт (nyexet°) |
| prolative | невна (nyewna) | нехэнямна (nyexenyamna) | неˮмӑна (nyeqmăna) |
References
- Pyrerka, A. P., Tereščenko, N. M. (1948) Русско-ненецкий словарь [Russian–Nenets Dictionary], Moscow: Огиз, page 78
- N. M. Tereschenko (2005) “не”, in Словарь ненецко-русский и русско-ненецкий, 3rd edition, Saint Petersburg: Просвещение, →ISBN
- Irina Nikolaeva (2014) A Grammar of Tundra Nenets, Walter de Gruyter GmbH, →ISBN, page 33
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic *ne, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *ne, from Proto-Indo-European *ne.
Pronunciation
Particle
не • (ne)
See also
- ні (ni)
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