-est

See also: est, Est, EST, êst, ēst, est., and Est.

Pronunciation

(UK, US) enPR: ĭst, IPA^(key): /ɪst/
Audio (Southern England): (file)
(General Australian) enPR: əst, IPA^(key): /əst/

Etymology 1

From Middle English -est, from Old English -st, -est, from Proto-Germanic *-istaz, *-ōstaz, related to comparative -er. Cognate of Afrikaans -ste, Dutch -st, German -(e)st, Danish -(e)st, Swedish -(a)st.

Suffix

-est

Used to form the superlative of adjectives and adverbs.
longest, biggest, fastest, motliest

Usage notes

See -er for notes on the usage of this suffix to form superlatives.
Occasionally, the -est suffix is added to a verbal adjective as a substitute for most. An example is winningest.

Coordinate terms

-er

Related terms

-most

Translations

superlative of adjectives and adverbs

Arabic: اَلـ (ar) (al--) (a superlative pattern of the adjective)
Armenian: ամենա- (amena-), -գույն (-guyn)
Basque: -en
Breton: -añ (br)
Burmese: please add this translation if you can
Catalan: més (ca) (before the adjective or adverb, after the definite article)
Chinese:
Mandarin: 最 (zh) (zuì) (prefix)
Czech: nej-
Danish: -est
Dutch: -ste (nl)
Esperanto: plej (eo)
Finnish: (for adjectives) -in (fi)
French: plus (fr) (before the adjective, after the definite article)
Georgian: please add this translation if you can
German: -ster m, -ste f, am ...-sten (adverbs)
Hungarian: leg- (hu)
Japanese: 一番 (ja) (いちばん, ichiban; placed before the adjective), 最も (ja) (もっとも, mottomo), 最 (ja) (さい, sai-) (Sino-Japanese prefix)
Khmer: ...ជាងគេ (…ciəng kei)
Korean: 가장 (ko) (gajang), 제일(第一) (ko) (jeil), 최(最) (choe-) (Sino-Korean prefix)
Lao: ...ທີ່ສຸດ (...thī sut)
Latvian: -ākais m, -ākā f
Malay: ter- (ms)
Mongolian: хамгын (xamgyn)
Norwegian:
Bokmål: -est, (before most long adjectives or adverbs) mest (no)

Nynorsk: -ast, (before most long adjectives or adverbs) mest
Polish: naj- (pl), najbardziej (before the adjective or adverb)
Portuguese: mais (pt) used with definite article
Romanian: mai (ro) (before the adjective or adverb, after the demonstrative article)
Russian: наи- (ru) (nai-) (prefix before comparative forms), са́мый (ru) (sámyj) (before adjectives in the normal form), наибо́лее (ru) (naibóleje) (before adjectives in the normal form), -е́йший (-éjšij), -а́йший (-ájšij) (suffixes follow an adjective form)
Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic: нај-

Roman: naj- (sh)
Slovak: naj-
Spanish: (before the adjective or adverb, after the definite article) más (es)
Swedish: -ast (sv) (1), mest (sv) (before the adjective or adverb) (1)
Thai: ...ที่สุด (th) (...tîi-sùt)
Turkish: en (tr)
Vietnamese: ... nhất (vi) (一 (vi))
Welsh: -af
Yoruba: -olo

Etymology 2

From Middle English -est, -st, from Old English -est, -ast, -st, ultimately from Proto-Germanic *-zi, from Proto-Indo-European *-si. The -t was by transfer from inverted order where thou followed the verb, which also occurred in most dialects of Middle Dutch and Middle High German (compare modern German -st).

Suffix

-est

(archaic, dialectal) Used to form the second-person singular present tense and past tense of verbs. (if thou is the subject; not used with you)
goest, makest, wentest, madest

Alternative forms

-'st, -st

Translations

second-person singular present tense of verbs

Czech: -eš, -íš, -áš
Dutch: -t (nl)
Finnish: -t (fi)
French: -es (fr) (for regular -er verbs); -is (fr) (for regular -ir verb); -s (fr) (for most -re verbs)
German: -st
Hungarian: -sz, -d (hu), -l (hu)
Irish: -air (broad synthetic form, 1st conjugation), -ir (slender synthetic form, 1st conjugation), -aír (broad synthetic form, 2nd conjugation), -ír (slender synthetic form, 2nd conjugation)
Italian: -i (it) (for regular -are and -ere verbs and for those -ire verbs that don't take -isc-)
Kurdish:
Northern Kurdish: -î (ku)
Latin: -as, -es, -is, -s
Polish: -esz, -isz, -ysz, -asz
Portuguese: -as (pt) (1st conjugation), -es (pt) (2nd and 3rd conjugation)
Romanian: -i (most verbs), -ezi (some 1st conjugation verbs), -ești (some 4th conjugation verbs)
Russian: -ешь (-ešʹ), -ёшь (-jóšʹ), -ишь (-išʹ), -ашь (-ašʹ)
Spanish: -as (es), -es (es)

Anagrams

tes, Tse, StE, set, TSE, Set, seṭ, ETS, STE, tse, ETs, TEs, Ste, Ste., SET

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Etymology

From Latin -istī.

Suffix

-est

Used to form the second person plural preterite indicative of second conjugation verbs

Usage notes

This form fell out of use, being largely replaced by the analogical ending -eres.

Etymology

From -es (adjective-forming suffix) +‎ -t (adverb-forming suffix).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ɛʃt]

Suffix

-est

(adverb-forming suffix) Added to a word to form an adverb.
‎öröm (“joy”) + ‎-est → ‎örömest (“with joy”)

Usage notes

(adverb-forming suffix) Variants:
-st

-est

Derived terms

Hungarian adverbs suffixed with -est

Alternative forms

-ist

Suffix

-est

Used to form the second-person singular present indicative of verbs.

Alternative forms

-ost, -ust

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *-ustaz, *-istaz.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /est/

Suffix

-est

suffix forming feminine nouns, originally from verbs
eornost ― earnest

þēnest ― service

ofost ― haste

orrest ― battle, combat

Declension

Strong ō-stem:

More information singular, plural ...

	singular	plural
nominative	-est	-esta, -este
accusative	-este	-esta, -este
genitive	-este	-esta
dative	-este	-estum

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Alternative forms

-aist

Pronunciation

- IPA^(key): /ɛsd/, [ɛst]

Suffix

-est

(colloquial) verb suffix for the second-person singular preterite

Derived terms

Category Welsh terms suffixed with -est not found

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Suffix

Usage notes

Coordinate terms

Related terms

Translations

Etymology 2

Suffix

Alternative forms

Translations

See also

Anagrams

Etymology

Suffix

Usage notes

Etymology

Pronunciation

Suffix

Usage notes

Derived terms

Alternative forms

Suffix

Alternative forms

Etymology

Pronunciation

Suffix

Declension

Alternative forms

Pronunciation

Suffix

Derived terms

English

Catalan

Hungarian

Middle English

Old English

Welsh