霜

霜	U+971C, 霜 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-971C

Han character

霜 (Kangxi radical 173, 雨+9, 17 strokes, cangjie input 一月木月山 (MBDBU), four-corner 1096₃, composition ⿱雨相)

Derived characters

孀灀礵䌮驦(骦) 鸘(鹴) 𢹩𪴜𥀸𮡣

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 1376, character 29

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 42363

Dae Jaweon: page 1885, character 24

Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4070, character 2

Unihan data for U+971C

More information trad., simp. # ...

trad.		霜
simp. ^#		霜
2nd round simp.		⿱⿻丅⿱冖⿰丶丶双

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Wikipedia has articles on:

霜 (Written Standard Chinese^?)
霜 (Cantonese)
sông (Hakka)
霜 (Wu)

Glyph origin

More information Old Chinese ...

	Old Chinese
相	slaŋ, slaŋs
廂	*slaŋ
湘	*slaŋ
緗	*slaŋ
箱	*slaŋ
葙	*slaŋ
想	*slaŋʔ
霜	*sraŋ
孀	*sraŋ
鸘	*sraŋ
驦	*sraŋ

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Characters in the same phonetic series (相) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sraŋ) : semantic 雨 (“rain”) + phonetic 相 (OC *slaŋ, *slaŋs).

Etymology

From 涼 (OC *ɡ·raŋ) with an s- (nominalizer) prefix (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

More information Rime, Character ...

Rime
Character	霜
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	生 (21)
Final (韻)	陽 (105)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	色莊切
Baxter	srjang
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʃɨɐŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/ʃiɐŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/ʃiɑŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʂɨaŋ/
Li Rong	/ʃiaŋ/
Wang Li	/ʃĭaŋ/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ʂi̯aŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shuāng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	song¹

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More information Character, Reading # ...

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	霜
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	shuāng
Middle Chinese	‹ srjang ›
Old Chinese	/*[s]raŋ/
English	hoar-frost
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

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More information Zhengzhang system (2003), Character ...

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	霜
Reading #	1/1
No.	13587
Phonetic component	相
Rime group	陽
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	霜
Old Chinese	/*sraŋ/

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Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): shuāng (shuang¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄕㄨㄤ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): suang¹
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): soeng¹

(Taishan, Wiktionary): song¹

(Yangjiang, Jyutping++): song¹
Gan (Wiktionary): song¹
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): sông

(Meixian, Guangdong): song¹
Jin (Wiktionary): suon¹
Northern Min (KCR): só̤ng
Eastern Min (BUC): sŏng
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): sng / song

(Teochew, Peng'im): seng¹
Wu (Northern, Wugniu): ¹saon
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): xyan¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: shuāng
  - Zhuyin: ㄕㄨㄤ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: shuang
  - Wade–Giles: shuang¹
  - Yale: shwāng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shuang
  - Palladius: шуан (šuan)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: suang¹
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: suong
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /suaŋ⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: soeng¹
  - Yale: sēung
  - Cantonese Pinyin: soeng¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: sêng¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sœːŋ⁵⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: song¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɔŋ³³/
- (Yangjiang Yue, Jiangcheng)
  - Jyutping++: song¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʃɔŋ³³/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: song¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɔŋ⁴²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sông
  - Hakka Romanization System: song^ˊ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: song¹
  - Sinological IPA: /soŋ²⁴/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: song¹
  - Sinological IPA: /sɔŋ⁴⁴/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: suon¹
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /suɒ̃¹¹/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: só̤ng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɔŋ⁵⁴/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: sŏng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /souŋ⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese, Singapore)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sng
  - Tâi-lô: sng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: sngf
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /sŋ̍³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Singapore): /sŋ̍⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: song
  - Tâi-lô: song
  - Phofsit Daibuun: sofng
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /sɔŋ³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /sɔŋ⁴⁴/

Note:

sng - colloquial;
song - literary.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: seng¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sṳng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɯŋ³³/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai, Suzhou)
  - Wugniu: ¹saon
  - MiniDict: saon^平
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹saan
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /sɑ̃⁵³/
  - Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /sɑ̃⁴⁴/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: xyan¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕy̯æn³³/

Middle Chinese: srjang

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[s]raŋ/

(Zhengzhang): /*sraŋ/

Definitions

霜

frost
frost-like powder
(medicine) cream
防曬霜／防晒霜 ― fángshàishuāng ― sunscreen
(literary, figurative) white
(Southern Min) ice

Synonyms

(ice):

More information Variety, Location ...

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		冰, 凌
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		冰
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	冰
	Taiwan	冰
	Chifeng	冰, 冰冰
	Hulunbuir (Hailar)	冰
	Harbin	冰
	Wuchang (Yingchengzi)	冰
	Shenyang	冰, 凍
	Singapore	冰
	Olginsky (Mikhaylovka)	冰
Jilu Mandarin	Tianjin	冰
	Tangshan	冰
	Cangzhou	冰
	Xianxian (Xiaoying)	凌
	Baoding	冰
	Shijiazhuang	冰
	Weifang (Weicheng)	凍凍
	Weifang (Fangzi)	凍凍
	Changle	凍凍
	Shouguang	凍凍
	Rizhao	凍凍
	Wulian	凍凍
	Jinan	冰, 凍凍
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Yantai (Muping)	冰
	Qingdao	冰
	Weifang (Hanting)	凍凍
	Changyi	凍凍
	Gaomi	凍凍
	Zhucheng	凍凍
	Anqiu	凍凍
	Linqu	凍凍
	Qingzhou	凍凍
Central Plains Mandarin	Luoyang	冰, 冰凌
	Wanrong	冬凌
	Zhengzhou	冰
	Xi'an	冰
	Dingbian	冰
	Xining	冰
	Xuzhou	凍凍, 冰冰, 冰
	Qimen (Anling; Junhua)	冰凍
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	冰
	Lanzhou	冰, 凍
	Ürümqi	冰
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	冰, 凌冰, 凌冰兒
	Muli	凌冰子
	Chongqing	冰, 凌冰兒
	Wuhan	凌, 凌冰, 冰, 凍
	Guiyang	冰, 凌冰 in nature
	Kunming	冰凌
	Guilin	冰
	Pingle	冰
	Liuzhou	冰
	Luzhai	冰
	Nanning (Wuming)	冰
	Binyang (Nanjie)	冰
	Hechi (Yizhou)	冰
	Luocheng (Dongmen)	冰
	Tianlin (Langping)	凝
	Xiangzhou (Nalu)	冰
	Reshuitang (Longling)	冰
	Mae Salong (Lancang)	冰
	Mae Sai (Tengchong)	冰
	Oudomxay	冰棒
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	冰, 凍
	Yangzhou	冰
	Nantong	凍
	Hefei	冰凍, 冰
	Chuzhou	冰凍
	Hong'an	凌冰
Cantonese	Guangzhou	雪, 冰
	Hong Kong	冰, 雪
	Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou)	冰
	Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	冰
	Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	冰
	Zhongshan (Chongkoumen, Nanlang; Tanka)	冰, 雪
	Taishan	冰
	Taishan (Guanghai)	冰, 雪
	Dongguan	冰, 雪
	Yangjiang	冰
	Wuzhou	冰
	Yulin	冰
	Hepu (Lianzhou)	冰
	Hepu (Shatian)	冰
	Guiping (Jintian)	冰
	Guiping (Jiangkou)	冰
	Guiping (Madong)	冰
	Beiliu	冰
	Baise	冰
	Qinzhou	冰
	Qinzhou (Changtan)	冰
	Qinzhou (Xiniujiao)	冰
	Beihai	冰
	Beihai (Nankang)	冰
	Beihai (Yingpan)	冰
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô)	冰
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà)	冰
	Fangchenggang (Fangcheng)	冰
	Chongzuo (Laituan)	冰, 霜 dated
	Fusui (Qujiu)	冰, 霜 dated
	Lingchuan (Yangjia)	冰
	Danzhou	冰
	Sanya (Yanglan; Maihua)	冰
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	冰
	Singapore (Guangfu)	冰
	Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)	冰
	Móng Cái	冰
	Yangon (Taishan)	冰
	Mandalay (Taishan)	冰
Gan	Nanchang	冰, 冰凌
	Pengze	凌冰
	Yanshan (Hekou)	冰
	Lichuan	冰凌
	Pingxiang	冰, 凌冰 dated; in nature
Hakka	Meixian	凝, 冰
	Xingning	凝餅
	Huidong (Daling)	凝
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	冰
	Wuhua (Shuizhai)	冰
	Wuhua (Huacheng)	硬凝
	Wuhua (Changbu)	凝
	Wuhua (Mianyang)	冰
	Heyuan (Bendihua)	冰
	Wengyuan	冰
	Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang)	硬凝
	Liannan	冰
	Jiexi	冰
	Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan)	冰
	Changting	凌冰
	Wuping	凌冰
	Wuping (Yanqian)	凌冰
	Wuping (Pingyu)	硬凝
	Liancheng	凌冰
	Liancheng (Peitian)	凌冰
	Ninghua	凌冰
	Yudu	冰
	Ningdu	凌冰
	Ruijin	凌冰
	Shicheng	凌冰
	Shangyou (Shexi)	硬構
	Tonggu (Sandu)	凌冰
	Ganzhou (Panlong)	凌冰
	Dayu	凌冰
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	冰
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	冰
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	冰
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	冰
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	冰
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	冰
	Hong Kong	冰
	Yangxi (Tangkou)	冰
	Yangchun (Sanjia)	冰
	Xinyi (Sihe)	雪
	Xinyi (Qianpai)	冰
	Gaozhou (Xindong)	冰
	Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai)	冰
	Huazhou (Xin'an)	冰
	Lianjiang (Shijiao)	冰
	Lianjiang (Qingping)	冰
	Mengshan (Xihe)	冰
	Luchuan	冰
	Bobai (Shahe)	冰
	Bobai (Longtan)	冰
	Bobai (Lingping)	冰
	Beiliu (Gonghe, Xilang)	冰
	Xingye (Gaofeng)	冰
	Guilin (Xiaojiang, Lingui)	冰
	Pingle (Tong'an)	冰
	Yangshuo (Jinbao)	冰
	Senai (Huiyang)	冰
	Singkawang	雪
	Pontianak (Meixian)	雪
Huizhou	Jixi	冰, 凍冰
	Shexian (Xianggao)	冰
	Shexian (Daguyun)	冰, 凍冰
	Qimen (Anling; Minhua)	冰凍
Jin	Taiyuan	冰, 冰凌
	Datong	冰
	Datong (Yunzhou)	冰
	Datong (Xicetian, Yunzhou)	冰凌
	Xinzhou	冬蠟
	Changzhi	冰凌
	Linhe	冰
	Jining	冰
	Hohhot	冰
	Handan	冰
Northern Min	Jian'ou	冰, 霜冰
Northern Min	Pucheng (Shibei)	冰
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	冰
Eastern Min	Gutian	冰
Southern Min	Xiamen	冰, 霜
	Quanzhou	冰, 霜
	Zhangzhou	冰, 霜
	Tainan	冰
	Penang (Hokkien)	霜, 冰
	Singapore (Hokkien)	霜, 冰
	Manila (Hokkien)	霜
	Pingnan (Pingtian)	冰
	Guiping (Xiaowen)	冰
	Guiping (Dongsheng)	冰
	Guilin (Biyange)	冰
	Chaozhou	霜, 冰
	Shantou	冰
	Jieyang	冰
	Bangkok (Teochew)	霜水
	Phnom Penh (Teochew)	冰霜
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	冰
	Singapore (Teochew)	霜
	Pontianak (Teochew)	冰
	Wenchang	冰
	Haikou	冰
Central Min	Yong'an	霜冰
Zhongshan Min	Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi)	冰
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	冰
	Nanning (Gejiayuan)	冰
	Nanning (Zhegulu)	冰
	Nanning (Silian)	冰
	Nanning (Xiuxiang)	冰
	Binyang	冰
	Chongzuo (Laituan)	冰
Northern Pinghua	Guilin (Wutong, Lingui)	冰
	Guilin (Liutang, Lingui)	冰
	Lingchuan (Sanjie)	冰
	Lingchuan (Gaoqiao)	冰
	Guanyang (Guanyinge)	雪
Shehua	Fu'an	冰
	Fuding	冰
	Luoyuan	冰
	Sanming	冰
	Shunchang	冰
	Hua'an	冰
	Guixi (Zhangping)	冰
	Cangnan	冰
	Jingning (Hexi)	冰
	Lishui	冰
	Longyou	冰
	Chaozhou	冰
	Fengshun	雪
Waxiang	Guzhang (Gaofeng)	涼槓
Waxiang	Luxi (Liangjiatan)	凝鉤子
Wu	Shanghai	冰
	Shanghai (Songjiang)	冰
	Shanghai (Zhoupu, Pudong)	冰
	Shanghai (Shuangcaodun, Baoshan)	冰
	Shanghai (Luodian, Baoshan)	冰
	Shanghai (Chongming)	冰
	Suzhou	冰
	Suzhou (Lili, Wujiang)	冰
	Suzhou (Shengze, Wujiang)	冰
	Wuxi	冰
	Changshu	冰, 冰凍
	Kunshan	冰
	Jiaxing	冰
	Changzhou	冰, 結冰
	Liyang	冰
	Yixing	冰
	Danyang	冰, 凍
	Danyang (Tongjiaqiao)	冰
	Jingjiang	冰
	Jiangyin	冰
	Huzhou (Shuanglin)	冰
	Hangzhou	冰
	Hangzhou (Fuyang)	冰
	Shaoxing	冰
	Zhuji (Wangjiajing)	冰凍
	Shengzhou (Chongren)	冰
	Shengzhou (Taiping)	冰
	Ningbo	冰
	Yuyao	冰
	Taizhou (Huangyan)	冰
	Wenzhou	冰, 霜冰 in nature
	Quzhou	冰
	Jinhua	冰
	Jinhua (Tangxi)	冰
	Yongkang	冰
Xiang	Changsha	凌, 凌冰 in nature
	Xiangxiang	冰
	Xiangxiang (Meiqiao)	凌構子
	Shuangfeng	構冷子
	Hengshan	冰
	Hengshan (Baiguo)	冰
	Qinglong (Changliu Laba Miao)	冰, 凌, 凌構

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Dialectal synonyms of 冰 (“ice”) [map]

Compounds

七十瓦上霜，八十不稀奇 (qīshí wǎ shàng shuāng, bāshí bù xīqí)
傲雪凌霜
傲雪欺霜
傲霜
傲霜枝
傲霜鬥雪／傲霜斗雪
兩鬢飛霜／两鬓飞霜
六月飛霜／六月飞霜 (liùyuèfēishuāng)
冒霜撥露／冒霜拨露
冰霜 (bīngshuāng)
冷若冰霜
冷霜霜
冽霜
凝霜 (níngshuāng)
初霜
含霜
嚴霜／严霜
字挾風霜／字挟风霜
孤霜
寒霜
履霜
履霜之戒
履霜堅冰／履霜坚冰
履霜知冰
披霜冒露
早霜
星霜 (xīngshuāng)
春露秋霜
晚霜
柿霜 (shìshuāng)
欺霜傲雪
滿面雪霜／满面雪霜
潘鬢成霜／潘鬓成霜
無霜期／无霜期 (wúshuāngqī)
琨玉秋霜 (kūnyùqiūshuāng)
百草霜
眠霜臥雪／眠霜卧雪
砒霜 (pīshuāng)
秋霜
糖霜 (tángshuāng)
終霜／终霜
羊霜腸／羊霜肠
臥月眠霜／卧月眠霜
臥雪眠霜／卧雪眠霜
范履霜
草上霜
茯苓霜
葛屨履霜／葛屦履霜
蔗霜
蜜餞砒霜／蜜饯砒霜 (mìjiànpīshuāng)
蟲霜水旱／虫霜水旱
貴霜／贵霜 (Guìshuāng)
貴霜王朝／贵霜王朝
金雞納霜／金鸡纳霜 (jīnjīnàshuāng)
鋪霜湧雪／铺霜涌雪 (pūshuāngyǒngxuě)
防曬霜／防晒霜 (fángshàishuāng)
防霜林
降霜 (jiàngshuāng)
除霜 (chúshuāng)
雪上加霜 (xuěshàngjiāshuāng)
霏霜
霜兒／霜儿
霜凍／霜冻 (shuāngdòng)
霜天 (shuāngtiān)
霜威
霜害 (shuānghài)
霜月 (Shuāngyuè)
霜毫
霜淇淋 (shuāngqílín)
霜禽
霜舂雨薪
霜蹄
霜鋒／霜锋
霜降 (Shuāngjiàng)
霜隕／霜陨
霜雪 (shuāngxuě)
霜露之思
霜鬢／霜鬓
面霜 (miànshuāng)
風刀霜劍／风刀霜剑
風霜／风霜 (fēngshuāng)
飛霜／飞霜
飽經霜雪／饱经霜雪
飽經風霜／饱经风霜 (bǎojīngfēngshuāng)
鹽霜／盐霜 (yánshuāng)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (霜):

→ Vietnamese: sương (霜)

References

“霜”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

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Kanji

霜

(Jōyō kanji)

frost
years
white as snow, cold as ice, harsh as snow

Readings

Go-on: しょう (shō)^{←しやう (syau, historical)}
Kan-on: そう (sō, Jōyō)^{←さう (sau, historical)}
Kun: しも (shimo, 霜, Jōyō)

Compounds

霜害(そうがい) (sōgai)
霜月(そうげつ) (sōgetsu)
霜鬢(そうびん) (sōbin)
降霜(こうそう) (kōsō)
秋霜(しゅうそう) (shūsō)
春霜(しゅんそう) (shunsō)
除霜(じょそう) (josō)
星霜(せいそう) (seisō)
霜林(そうりん) (sōrin)
氷霜(ひょうそう) (hyōsō)
風霜(ふうそう) (fūsō)

Etymology

Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:

霜

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Frost

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Kanji in this term
霜
しも Grade: S
kun'yomi

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⟨simo₁⟩ → /simo/ → /ɕimo/

From Old Japanese, first attested in the Harima Fudoki of 715 CE,^[1] in turn from Proto-Japonic *simo.

Thought to be cognate with or derived from 下 (⟨simo₁⟩ → shimo, “bottom, lower part”).

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) しも [shìmóꜜ] (Odaka – [2])^[2]
IPA^(key): [ɕimo̞]

Noun

霜(しも) • (shimo)

frost (ice crystals in objects exposed to the air)
Synonym: フロスト (furosuto)
(by extension) ice adhered inside an electric refrigerator
(figurative) white hair

Derived terms

霜(しも)曇(ぐもり), 霜曇(しもぐも)り (shimogumori)
霜月(しもつき) (shimotsuki)
霜(しも)柱(ばしら) (shimobashira)
秋霜(あきしも) (akishimo)
大霜(おおしも) (ōshimo)
晩霜(おそじも) (osojimo)
露霜(つゆじも) (tsuyujimo)
初霜(はつしも) (hatsushimo)
夕霜(ゆうしも) (yūshimo)

Idioms

霜(しも)を置(お)く (shimo o oku)

Proverbs

霜(しも)を履(ふ)んで堅氷(けんぴょう)至(いた)る (shimo o funde kenpyō itaru)

Proper noun

霜(しも) • (Shimo)

a surname

References

[1]
“霜”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
[2]
Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

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Etymology

From Middle Chinese 霜 (MC srjang). Recorded as Middle Korean 사ᇰ (sang) (Yale: sang) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

霜

Wikisource 霜 (eumhun 서리 상 (seori sang))

hanja form^? of 상 (“frost”)

Compounds

상해 (霜害, sanghae)
상강 (霜降, sanggang)
상설 (霜雪, sangseol)

References

국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Han character

霜: Hán Nôm readings: sương

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

[KDJ2-1] [1]
“霜”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006

[DJR-2] [2]
Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[1]

[2]

霜

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Proper noun

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