從

See also: 从 and 従

從	U+5F9E, 從 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5F9E

← 徝
[U+5F9D]

CJK Unified Ideographs

徟 →
[U+5F9F]

More information Traditional, Shinjitai ...

Traditional	從
Shinjitai	従
Simplified	从

Close

Han character

從 (Kangxi radical 60, 彳+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 竹人人人人 (HOOOO), four-corner 2828₁, composition ⿰彳⿱从龰)

Derived characters

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 368, character 18

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10152

Dae Jaweon: page 692, character 14

Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 829, character 12

Unihan data for U+5F9E

Remove ads

More information trad., simp. ...

trad.		從
simp.		从^*
alternative forms		从𠚪従𬽡

Close

Glyph origin

More information Historical forms of the character 從, Western Zhou ...

Historical forms of the character 從
Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Close

More information Old Chinese ...

	Old Chinese
摐	sʰroːŋ, sʰloŋ
鏦	sʰroːŋ, sʰloŋ
豵	ʔsloːŋ, ʔsloŋ
嵸	ʔsloːŋ, ʔsloːŋʔ
蓯	*ʔsloːŋʔ
蹤	*ʔsloŋ
縱	ʔsloŋ, ʔsloŋs
樅	ʔsloŋ, sʰloŋ
磫	*ʔsloŋ
熧	*ʔsloŋ
瘲	*ʔsloŋs
暰	*sʰloŋ
瑽	*sʰloŋ
從	zloŋ, zloŋ, *zloŋs
从	*zloŋ
慫	*sloŋʔ
聳	*sloŋʔ
傱	*sloŋʔ

Close

Characters in the same phonetic series (从) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意) : 辵 (“walk”) + 从 (“follow”).

Etymology 1

Etymology not certain. Perhaps cognate with Tibetan རྫོང་བ (rdzong ba, “to dispatch; to dismiss”) (Schuessler, 2007). Alternatively, compare Tibetan སྟོངས་པ (stongs pa, “to accompany”), or perhaps 送 (OC *sloːŋs, “to escort; to send”).

Pronunciation 2 is a derivation of pronunciation 1.

Pronunciation 1

More information Rime, Character ...

Rime
Character	從
Reading #	1/3
Initial (聲)	從 (15)
Final (韻)	鍾 (7)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	疾容切
Baxter	dzjowng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡zɨoŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/d͡zioŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡zioŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/d͡zuawŋ/
Li Rong	/d͡zioŋ/
Wang Li	/d͡zĭwoŋ/
Bernhard Karlgren	/d͡zʱi̯woŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	cóng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	cung⁴

Close

More information Character, Reading # ...

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	從
Reading #	1/3
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	cóng
Middle Chinese	‹ dzjowng ›
Old Chinese	/*[dz]oŋ/
English	to follow
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Close

More information Zhengzhang system (2003), Character ...

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	從
Reading #	2/3
No.	1858
Phonetic component	从
Rime group	東
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	從
Old Chinese	/*zloŋ/

Close

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): cóng (cong²)

(Zhuyin): ㄘㄨㄥˊ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): cong²

(Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): цун (cun, I)
Cantonese (Jyutping): cung⁴
Gan (Wiktionary): cung²
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): chhiùng

(Meixian, Guangdong): qiung²
Jin (Wiktionary): cung¹
Eastern Min (BUC): cṳ̀ng
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): chêng / chn̂g / chiông

(Teochew, Peng'im): cong⁵
Wu (Northern, Wugniu): ⁶zon / ²dzon
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): zong²

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: cóng
  - Zhuyin: ㄘㄨㄥˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: cóng
  - Wade–Giles: tsʻung²
  - Yale: tsúng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsorng
  - Palladius: цун (cun)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰʊŋ³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: cong²
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: cung
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰoŋ²¹/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic and Wiktionary: цун (cun, I)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰuŋ²⁴/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: cung⁴
  - Yale: chùhng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tsung⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: cung⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰʊŋ²¹/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: cung²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰuŋ²⁴/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhiùng
  - Hakka Romanization System: qiung^ˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: qiung²
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰi̯uŋ¹¹/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: qiung²
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰiʊŋ¹¹/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: cung¹
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡sʰuŋ¹¹/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: cṳ̀ng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡syŋ⁵³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chêng
  - Tâi-lô: tsîng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zeeng
  - IPA (Taipei, Xiamen): /t͡siɪŋ²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡siɪŋ²³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡siɪŋ¹³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chn̂g
  - Tâi-lô: tsn̂g
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zngg
  - IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /t͡sŋ̍²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sŋ̍²³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sŋ̍¹³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiông
  - Tâi-lô: tsiông
  - Phofsit Daibuun: cioong
  - IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /t͡siɔŋ²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡siɔŋ²³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡siɔŋ¹³/

Note: chêng, chn̂g - vernacular, chiông - literary.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: cong⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshông
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰoŋ⁵⁵/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai, Suzhou)
  - Wugniu: ⁶zon
  - MiniDict: zon^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³zon
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /zoŋ²³/
  - Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /zoŋ²³¹/
- (Northern: Hangzhou, Ningbo)
  - Wugniu: ²dzon
  - MiniDict: dzon^平
  - Sinological IPA (Hangzhou): /d͡zoŋ²³/
  - Sinological IPA (Ningbo): /d͡zoŋ³¹³/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: zong²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key) (old-style): /t͡sʊŋ¹³/
  - Sinological IPA ^(key) (new-style): /t͡sən¹³/

Middle Chinese: dzjowng

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[dz]oŋ/

(Zhengzhang): /*zloŋ/

Definitions

從

to follow; to come after
盲從／盲从 ― mángcóng ― to follow blindly

從師／从师 ― cóngshī ― to follow a teacher and learn from him/her
to comply with; to submit to
順從／顺从 ― shùncóng ― to submit to; to yield to; to obey

差點就從了他了！ [MSC, trad.]
差点就从了他了！ [MSC, simp.]
Chādiǎn jiù cóng le tā le! [Pinyin]
(I) nearly gave in to him (and became his girlfriend). (slang)
to follow the principle of
從寬處理／从宽处理 ― cóngkuān chùlǐ ― to treat leniently
to join; to be engaged in
從軍／从军 ― cóngjūn ― to join the army
from (a place or time); since
他從中國來的。／他从中国来的。 ― Tā cóng Zhōngguó lái de. ― He comes from China.

火車從隧道裡出來。 [MSC, trad.]
火车从隧道里出来。 [MSC, simp.]
Huǒchē cóng suìdào lǐ chūlái. [Pinyin]
The train comes out of the tunnel.

你是從哪個國家來的？ [MSC, trad.]
你是从哪个国家来的？ [MSC, simp.]
Nǐ shì cóng nǎ ge guójiā lái de? [Pinyin]
Where are you from? (Which country are you from?)

我們只能從我們的錯誤中學習。 [MSC, trad.]
我们只能从我们的错误中学习。 [MSC, simp.]
Wǒmen zhǐ néng cóng wǒmen de cuòwù zhōng xuéxí. [Pinyin]
We can learn only from our mistakes.

這家店從早上 9 點開到晚上 6 點。 [MSC, trad.]
这家店从早上 9 点开到晚上 6 点。 [MSC, simp.]
Zhè jiā diàn cóng zǎoshàng 9 diǎn kāi dào wǎnshàng 6 diǎn. [Pinyin]
This shop is open from 9 a.m. to 6 p.m.

我們從小學三年級就是朋友了。 [MSC, trad.]
我们从小学三年级就是朋友了。 [MSC, simp.]
Wǒmen cóng xiǎoxué sān niánjí jiùshì péngyǒu le. [Pinyin]
We have been friends since the third grade.
- 賣：出物貨也。從出從買。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  卖：出物货也。从出从买。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Shuowen Jiezi, circa 2^nd century CE
  Mài: chū wù huò yě. Cóng chū cóng mǎi. [Pinyin]
  賣 / 卖 (mài): To put something out and sell it. Derived from 出 (chū) and 買 / 买 (mǎi).
through; via; by
一陣清風從窗口吹來。 [MSC, trad.]
一阵清风从窗口吹来。 [MSC, simp.]
Yī zhèn qīngfēng cóng chuāngkǒu chuī lái. [Pinyin]
A cool breeze came in through the window.

我每天都從郵局經過。 [MSC, trad.]
我每天都从邮局经过。 [MSC, simp.]
Wǒ měi tiān dōu cóng yóujú jīngguò. [Pinyin]
I go past the post-office every day.
from; according to
從目前來看／从目前来看 ― cóng mùqián lái kàn ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
(followed by negative) never; ever
我以前從沒見過她。 [MSC, trad.]
我以前从没见过她。 [MSC, simp.]
Wǒ yǐqián cóngméi jiàn guò tā. [Pinyin]
I have never seen her before

我從不違約。／我从不违约。 ― Wǒ cóngbù wéiyuē. ― I never break my promise.
19th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "following" (𝌘)
a surname

Compounds

一切從簡 / 一切从简 (yīqiècóngjiǎn)
一從 / 一从
三從 / 三从 (sāncóng)
三從四德 / 三从四德 (sāncóngsìdé)
不從 / 不从 (bùcóng)
不敢從命 / 不敢从命
事從 / 事从
何去何從 / 何去何从 (héqùhécóng)
何從 / 何从
依從 / 依从 (yīcóng)
便宜從事 / 便宜从事 (biànyícóngshì)
信從 / 信从 (xìncóng)
允從 / 允从
先從隗始 / 先从隗始
冒昧從事 / 冒昧从事
力不從心 / 力不从心 (lìbùcóngxīn)
力不從願 / 力不从愿
去邪從正 / 去邪从正
名從主人 / 名从主人 (míngcóngzhǔrén)
各從其志 / 各从其志
品從 / 品从
唯利是從 / 唯利是从
唯命是從 / 唯命是从 (wéimìngshìcóng)
善善從長 / 善善从长
喜從天降 / 喜从天降
四德三從 / 四德三从
天下從風 / 天下从风
天從人願 / 天从人愿
夫死從子 / 夫死从子
奉從 / 奉从
奴從 / 奴从
密勿從事 / 密勿从事
寧死不從 / 宁死不从
屈己從人 / 屈己从人
屈從 / 屈从 (qūcóng)
廣德從橋 / 广德从桥
弭從 / 弭从
從一以終 / 从一以终
從一而終 / 从一而终 (cóngyī'érzhōng)
從中作梗 / 从中作梗
從中斡旋 / 从中斡旋
從事 / 从事 (cóngshì)
從井救人 / 从井救人
從人 / 从人 (cóngrén)
從今以後 / 从今以后 (cóngjīn yǐhòu)
從令如流 / 从令如流
從何說起 / 从何说起
從來 / 从来 (cónglái)
從俗 / 从俗 (cóngsú)
從俗就簡 / 从俗就简
從價稅 / 从价税
從優 / 从优 (cóngyōu)
從先 / 从先
從公 / 从公
從初 / 从初
從前 / 从前 (cóngqián)
從古至今 / 从古至今
從吉 / 从吉
從命 / 从命 (cóngmìng)
從商 / 从商 (cóngshāng)
從善如流 / 从善如流 (cóngshànrúliú)
從善若流 / 从善若流
從嚴 / 从严 (cóngyán)
從坐 / 从坐 (cóngzuò)
從天而下 / 从天而下
從天而降 / 从天而降 (cóngtiān'érjiàng)
從始至終 / 从始至终
從嫁 / 从嫁
從實招來 / 从实招来 (cóngshízhāolái)
從寬 / 从宽 (cóngkuān)
從寬發落 / 从宽发落
從小 / 从小 (cóngxiǎo)
從屬 / 从属 (cóngshǔ)
從師 / 从师 (cóngshī)
從影 / 从影 (cóngyǐng)
從心所欲 / 从心所欲 (cóngxīnsuǒyù)
從戎 / 从戎 (cóngróng)
從打 / 从打
從政 / 从政 (cóngzhèng)
從新 / 从新 (cóngxīn)
從未 / 从未 (cóngwèi)
從格 / 从格
從業人員 / 从业人员 (cóngyè rényuán)
從業員 / 从业员 (cóngyèyuán)
從權 / 从权 (cóngquán)
從此 / 从此 (cóngcǐ)
從流 / 从流
從祀 / 从祀
從簡 / 从简 (cóngjiǎn)
從缺 / 从缺 (cóngquē)
從而 / 从而 (cóng'ér)
從良 / 从良 (cóngliáng)
從諫如流 / 从谏如流
從軍 / 从军 (cóngjūn)
從輕發落 / 从轻发落 (cóngqīngfāluò)
從速 / 从速 (cóngsù)
從長計議 / 从长计议
從頭 / 从头 (cóngtóu)
從頭再來 / 从头再来
從頭到尾 / 从头到尾 (cóngtóudàowěi)
從頭到腳 / 从头到脚
從頭至尾 / 从头至尾
從風 / 从风
從風而靡 / 从风而靡
從龍 / 从龙
惟命是從 / 惟命是从 (wéimìngshìcóng)
悲從中來 / 悲从中来 (bēicóngzhōnglái)
惡惡從短 / 恶恶从短
應天從人 / 应天从人
應天從民 / 应天从民
應天從物 / 应天从物
打從 / 打从 (dǎcóng)
投筆從戎 / 投笔从戎 (tóubǐcóngróng)
抵死不從 / 抵死不从
捨己從人 / 舍己从人
擇善而從 / 择善而从
改惡從善 / 改恶从善 (gǎi'ècóngshàn)
改過從善 / 改过从善
改過從新 / 改过从新
文從字順 / 文从字顺
斷難從命 / 断难从命
景從 / 景从
景從雲合 / 景从云合
景從雲集 / 景从云集
曲從 / 曲从
朋從 / 朋从
服從 / 服从 (fúcóng)
木蘭從軍 / 木兰从军
枵腹從公 / 枵腹从公
棄邪從正 / 弃邪从正
河伯從事 / 河伯从事
溯流從源 / 溯流从源
無從 / 无从 (wúcóng)
無從下手 / 无从下手
無所適從 / 无所适从 (wúsuǒshìcóng)
病從口入 / 病从口入
盲從 / 盲从 (mángcóng)
相從 / 相从
省煩從簡 / 省烦从简
相類相從 / 相类相从
禍從口出 / 祸从口出
禍從天降 / 祸从天降
笑罵從汝 / 笑骂从汝
聽從 / 听从 (tīngcóng)
自從 / 自从 (zìcóng)
舍己從人 / 舍己从人
舍正從邪 / 舍正从邪
舍短從長 / 舍短从长
苟容曲從 / 苟容曲从
草偃風從 / 草偃风从
言從計納 / 言从计纳
言從計行 / 言从计行
言聽行從 / 言听行从
言聽計從 / 言听计从 (yántīngjìcóng)
言行計從 / 言行计从
負笈從師 / 负笈从师
資從 / 资从
賓從 / 宾从
跟從 / 跟从 (gēncóng)
軍法從事 / 军法从事 (jūnfǎ cóngshì)
過從 / 过从 (guòcóng)
過從甚密 / 过从甚密
道近易從 / 道近易从
適從 / 适从 (shìcóng)
遵從 / 遵从 (zūncóng)
阿意曲從 / 阿意曲从
降心相從 / 降心相从
隔從 / 隔从
青州從事 / 青州从事
非類相從 / 非类相从
靡然從風 / 靡然从风
面從 / 面从
順從 / 顺从 (shùncóng)
風從 / 风从
風從響應 / 风从响应
風行草從 / 风行草从
馬虎從事 / 马虎从事

Pronunciation 2

More information Rime, Character ...

Rime
Character	從
Reading #	3/3
Initial (聲)	從 (15)
Final (韻)	鍾 (7)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	疾用切
Baxter	dzjowngH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡zɨoŋ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/d͡zioŋ^H/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡zioŋ^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/d͡zuawŋ^H/
Li Rong	/d͡zioŋ^H/
Wang Li	/d͡zĭwoŋ^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/d͡zʱi̯woŋ^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zòng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zung⁶

Close

More information Character, Reading # ...

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	從
Reading #	3/3
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zòng
Middle Chinese	‹ dzjowng^H ›
Old Chinese	/*[dz]oŋ-s/
English	follower
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Close

More information Zhengzhang system (2003), Character ...

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	從
Reading #	3/3
No.	1859
Phonetic component	从
Rime group	東
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	從
Old Chinese	/*zloŋs/

Close

Mandarin
(Pinyin): cóng, zòng (cong², zong⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄘㄨㄥˊ, ㄗㄨㄥˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): zung⁶
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chiōng

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: cóng
  - Zhuyin: ㄘㄨㄥˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: cóng
  - Wade–Giles: tsʻung²
  - Yale: tsúng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsorng
  - Palladius: цун (cun)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰʊŋ³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zòng
  - Zhuyin: ㄗㄨㄥˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: zòng
  - Wade–Giles: tsung⁴
  - Yale: dzùng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzonq
  - Palladius: цзун (czun)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʊŋ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: zung⁶
  - Yale: juhng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzung⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: zung⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʊŋ²²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiōng
  - Tâi-lô: tsiōng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ciong
  - IPA (Xiamen): /t͡siɔŋ²²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡siɔŋ⁴¹/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡siɔŋ²²/
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡siɔŋ³³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡siɔŋ³³/

Middle Chinese: dzjowngH

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[dz]oŋ-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*zloŋs/

Definitions

從

(of relatives) paternal (with the same surname)
從兄／从兄 ― cóngxiōng ― paternal male cousin elder than oneself with the same surname
auxiliary; subsidiary
從屬／从属 ― cóngshǔ ― subordinate
follower; attendant; entourage
侍從／侍从 ― shìcóng ― attendant

Compounds

不分主從 / 不分主从
主從 / 主从 (zhǔcóng)
主從架構 / 主从架构
侍從 / 侍从 (shìcóng)
傔從 / 傔从
僕從 / 仆从 (púcóng)
儀從 / 仪从
其從如雲 / 其从如云
嬪從 / 嫔从
從伯 / 从伯
從兄 / 从兄 (cóngxiōng)
從兄弟 / 从兄弟 (cóngxiōngdì)
從刑 / 从刑 (cóngxíng)
從吏 / 从吏
從女 / 从女
從子 / 从子
從官 / 从官
從弟 / 从弟 (cóngdì)
從母 / 从母 (cóngmǔ)
從法 / 从法
從父 / 从父
從犯 / 从犯 (cóngfàn)
從罰 / 从罚
從者 / 从者 (cóngzhě)
扈從 / 扈从 (hùcóng)
欲不可從 / 欲不可从
祗從 / 祗从
義從 / 义从
群從 / 群从
脅從 / 胁从 (xiécóng)
衛從 / 卫从
護從 / 护从 (hùcóng)
賢從 / 贤从
輕裝簡從 / 轻装简从
輕車簡從 / 轻车简从
輿從 / 舆从
部從 / 部从
隨從 / 随从
雞尸牛從 / 鸡尸牛从
首從 / 首从
騎從 / 骑从
騶從 / 驺从

Descendants

→ Korean: 종 (jong, “servant; slave”)

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

More information Rime, Character ...

Rime
Character	從
Reading #	2/3
Initial (聲)	清 (14)
Final (韻)	鍾 (7)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	七恭切
Baxter	tshjowng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡sʰɨoŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡sʰioŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡sʰioŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/t͡sʰuawŋ/
Li Rong	/t͡sʰioŋ/
Wang Li	/t͡sʰĭwoŋ/
Bernhard Karlgren	/t͡sʰi̯woŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	cōng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	cung¹

Close

More information Zhengzhang system (2003), Character ...

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	從
Reading #	1/3
No.	1856
Phonetic component	从
Rime group	東
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	樅
Old Chinese	/*zloŋ/

Close

Mandarin
(Pinyin): cóng, cōng (cong², cong¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄘㄨㄥˊ, ㄘㄨㄥ
Cantonese (Jyutping): sung¹ / cung¹
Gan (Wiktionary): cung¹
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chhiong
Wu (Northern, Wugniu): ¹tshon

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: cóng
  - Zhuyin: ㄘㄨㄥˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: cóng
  - Wade–Giles: tsʻung²
  - Yale: tsúng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsorng
  - Palladius: цун (cun)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰʊŋ³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: cōng
  - Zhuyin: ㄘㄨㄥ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: cong
  - Wade–Giles: tsʻung¹
  - Yale: tsūng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsong
  - Palladius: цун (cun)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰʊŋ⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: sung¹ / cung¹
  - Yale: sūng / chūng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: sung¹ / tsung¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: sung¹ / cung¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sʊŋ⁵⁵/, /t͡sʰʊŋ⁵⁵/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: cung¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰuŋ⁴²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiong
  - Tâi-lô: tshiong
  - Phofsit Daibuun: chiofng
  - IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sʰiɔŋ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰiɔŋ³³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰiɔŋ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰiɔŋ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰiɔŋ⁴⁴/

Note: literary reading.

Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai, Suzhou, Hangzhou, Ningbo)
  - Wugniu: ¹tshon
  - MiniDict: tshon^平
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹tshon
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡sʰoŋ⁵³/
  - Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /t͡sʰoŋ⁴⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Hangzhou): /t͡sʰoŋ³³⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Ningbo): /t͡sʰoŋ⁵²/

Middle Chinese: tshjowng

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*zloŋ/

Definitions

從

Only used in 從容／从容 (cóngróng, “calm; at ease”).

Compounds

家道從容 / 家道从容
從容 / 从容
從容不迫 / 从容不迫
從容就義 / 从容就义
從容自在 / 从容自在
從容自如 / 从容自如
從容自若 / 从容自若
從從容容 / 从从容容 (cōngcōngróngróng)

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

More information Character, Reading # ...

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	從
Reading #	2/3
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zōng
Middle Chinese	‹ tsjowng ›
Old Chinese	/*tsoŋ/
English	longitudinal
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Close

Mandarin
(Pinyin): zòng, zōng (zong⁴, zong¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄗㄨㄥˋ, ㄗㄨㄥ
Cantonese (Jyutping): zung¹ / zung³
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chiong / chhiòng

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zòng
  - Zhuyin: ㄗㄨㄥˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: zòng
  - Wade–Giles: tsung⁴
  - Yale: dzùng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzonq
  - Palladius: цзун (czun)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʊŋ⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zōng
  - Zhuyin: ㄗㄨㄥ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: zong
  - Wade–Giles: tsung¹
  - Yale: dzūng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzong
  - Palladius: цзун (czun)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: zung¹ / zung³
  - Yale: jūng / jung
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzung¹ / dzung³
  - Guangdong Romanization: zung¹ / zung³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵/, /t͡sʊŋ³³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiong / chhiòng
  - Tâi-lô: tsiong / tshiòng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ciofng, chioxng
  - IPA (Xiamen): /t͡siɔŋ⁴⁴/, /t͡sʰiɔŋ²¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡siɔŋ³³/, /t͡sʰiɔŋ⁴¹/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡siɔŋ⁴⁴/, /t͡sʰiɔŋ²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡siɔŋ⁴⁴/, /t͡sʰiɔŋ¹¹/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡siɔŋ⁴⁴/, /t͡sʰiɔŋ²¹/

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*tsoŋ/

Definitions

從

^† Alternative form of 縱 / 纵 (“straight; vertical”)
^† Alternative form of 縱 / 纵 (“to give free reign to”)

Compounds

合從 / 合从 (hézòng)
從約 / 从约
從衡 / 从衡
約從 / 约从

Etymology 4

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): zōng (zong¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄗㄨㄥ
Cantonese (Jyutping): zung¹
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chiong

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zōng
  - Zhuyin: ㄗㄨㄥ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: zong
  - Wade–Giles: tsung¹
  - Yale: dzūng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzong
  - Palladius: цзун (czun)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: zung¹
  - Yale: jūng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzung¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: zung¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiong
  - Tâi-lô: tsiong
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ciofng
  - IPA (Xiamen): /t͡siɔŋ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡siɔŋ³³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡siɔŋ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡siɔŋ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡siɔŋ⁴⁴/

Definitions

從

^† Alternative form of 蹤 / 踪 (zōng)

References

“從”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Remove ads

Shinjitai	従
Kyūjitai	從

Kanji

從

(Jinmeiyō kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 従)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

Go-on: しゅ (shu)、じゅ (ju)、じゅう (jū)
Kan-on: しょう (shō)
Kan’yō-on: じゅう (jū)
Kun: したがう (shitagau, 從う)、したがえる (shitagaeru, 從える)、より (yori)

Etymology 1

From Middle Chinese 從 (MC dzjowng).

More information Historical Readings ...

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448	Recorded as Middle Korean 쬬ᇰ (Yale: ccyòng) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
Middle Korean
Text	Eumhun
Text	*Gloss (hun)*	Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527	조ᄎᆞᆯ 죵	Recorded as Middle Korean 죵 (cyong) (Yale: cyong) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576.
Early Modern Korean
Text	Final (韻)	Reading
Samun Seonghwi, 1751	조ᄎᆞᆯ 죵	Recorded as Early Modern Korean 죵 (Yale: cyong) in Juhae Cheonjamun (註解千字文 / 주해천자문), 1804.

Close

Pronunciation

(SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [t͡ɕo̞ŋ]
Phonetic hangul: [종]

Hanja

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

從

Wikisource 從 (eumhun 좇을 종 (jocheul jong))

hanja form^? of 종 (“to follow; to pursue”)
hanja form^? of 종 (“to obey; to comply”)
hanja form^? of 종 (“from; since”)

Compounds

종전 (從前, jongjeon)
종사 (從事, jongsa)
복종 (服從, bokjong)
순종 (順從, sunjong)
시종 (侍從, sijong)
추종 (追從, chujong)
종속 (從屬, jongsok)
종자 (從者, jongja)
주종 (主從, jujong)
맹종 (盲從, maengjong)
종군 (從軍, jonggun)
상종 (相從, sangjong)
종물 (從物, jongmul)
곡종 (曲從, gokjong)
부종 (不從, bujong)
자종 (自從, jajong)
후종 (後從, hujong)
호종 (護從, hojong)
종래 (從來, jongnae)
부종 (附從, bujong)
종량 (從量, jongnyang)
종신 (從臣, jongsin)
종관 (從官, jonggwan)
종국 (從國, jongguk)
종위 (從違, jong'wi)
종졸 (從卒, jongjol)
합종 (合從, hapjong)

Etymology 2

From Middle Chinese 從 (MC dzjowngH).

More information Historical Readings ...

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448	Recorded as Middle Korean 쬬ᇰ〮 (Yale: ccyóng) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
Early Modern Korean
Text	Final (韻)	Reading
Samun Seonghwi, 1751	결ᄂᆡ 죵	Recorded as Early Modern Korean 죵 (Yale: cyong) in Juhae Cheonjamun (註解千字文 / 주해천자문), 1804.

Close

Pronunciation

(SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [t͡ɕo̞(ː)ŋ]
Phonetic hangul: [종(ː)]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja

從 (eum 종 (jong))

hanja form^? of 종 (“prefix indicating cousinhood”)
Synonym: 堂 (당 (dang))

Compounds

고종 (姑從, gojong)
이종 (姨從, ijong)
사종 (四從, sajong)
외종 (外從, oejong)
내종 (內從, naejong)
재종 (再從, jaejong)
종고 (從姑, jonggo)
종매 (從妹, jongmae)
종백 (從伯, jongbaek)
종손 (從孫, jongson)
종수 (從嫂, jongsu)
종숙 (從叔, jongsuk)
종자 (從子, jongja)
종자 (從姊, jongja)
종제 (從弟, jongje)
종조 (從祖, jongjo)
종질 (從姪, jongjil)
종형 (從兄, jonghyeong)

References

국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Remove ads

Han character

從: Hán Nôm readings: tòng, tùng, thủng, tuồng, thong, thung, thùng, tồng, tụng

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

Nôm Foundation

Han character

Derived characters

References

Glyph origin

Etymology 1

Pronunciation 1

Definitions

Compounds

Pronunciation 2

Definitions

Compounds

Descendants

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Definitions

Compounds

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

Definitions

Compounds

Etymology 4

Pronunciation

Definitions

References

Kanji

Readings

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Hanja

Compounds

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Hanja

Compounds

References

Han character

References

Translingual

Chinese

Japanese

Korean

Vietnamese