ä

See also: Ä, ӓ, ɐ̤, -ä, and Appendix:Variations of "a"

ä	U+00E4, ä LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH DIAERESIS

Composition:

a [U+0061] + ◌̈ [U+0308]

← ã
[U+00E3]

Latin-1 Supplement

å →
[U+00E5]

Symbol

ä

(IPA) Sometimes used to transcribe an open central unrounded vowel, as ⟨a⟩ is officially an open front vowel.
(UPA) An open front unrounded vowel (IPA [æ]).
(superscript ⟨ᵃ̈⟩, UPA) an extremely short or fleeting ä.
(actuarial notation) Annuity-due.
$ä n̅ |$ ― n-year annuity-due

$ä x : n̅ |$ ― n-year annuity-due to a person currently age x

$ä x$ ― life annuity-due to a person currently age x

$_{k|}{\ddot {a}}_{x:{\overline {n|}}}^{(m)}$ ― k-year deferred life annuity-due to a person currently age x, compounded m-thly

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Symbol

ä

(lexicography) A dictionary transcription for the PALM vowel

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Yeniseian *axʷ (“I”). Compare Kott ai (“I”) and Pumpokol ad (“I”). Also see Assan aj.

Pronoun

ä

I (first-person singular subjective)

Synonyms

aj

Related terms

aiŋ

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /a̤/

Letter

ä (upper case Ä)

A letter of the Dinka alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Noun

ä f

island

Inflection

More information feminine, singular ...

feminine	singular		plural
feminine	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	ä	enę	äer	äär
accusative	ä	enę	äer	äär
dative	ä	e'n	äum	äum(e)
genitive	—	—	—	—

Close

Declension of ä

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈæː/

Letter

ä (lower case, upper case Ä)

The twenty-eighth letter of the Estonian alphabet, called ää and written in the Latin script.

Etymology

See Ä.

Pronunciation

Audio; “ää, häkä, sää, määräys, ää”: (file)

Letter

ä (lower case, upper case Ä)

The twenty-seventh letter of the Finnish alphabet, called ää and written in the Latin script.

Usage notes

In case of technical restrictions, ä should be represented by a (not ae, as in German).

Noun

ä n (strong, genitive ä or äs, plural ä or äs)

Alternative form of Ä

Declension

More information singular, plural ...

	singular			plural
	indef.	def.	noun	def.	noun
nominative	ein	das	ä	die	ä, äs
genitive	eines	des	ä, äs	der	ä, äs
dative	einem	dem	ä	den	ä, äs
accusative	ein	das	ä	die	ä, äs

Close

Declension of ä [neuter, strong]

Pronunciation

(phoneme) IPA^(key): /æ/

Letter

ä (upper case Ä)

The third letter of the Livonian alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ɛ] (short vowel)
IPA^(key): [ɛː] (long vowel, spelt ää)

Letter

ä (lower case, upper case Ä)

(Föhr-Amrum, Mooring) A letter of the North Frisian alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Usage notes

In Föhr-Amrum Frisian, single ⟨ä⟩ occurs only in word-final position. Elsewhere, [ɛ] is represented by ⟨e⟩.
Mooring Frisian uses ⟨ä⟩ for any [ɛ], the single letter ⟨e⟩ being reserved for the reduced vowel [ə], [ɐ].
Sylt Frisian does not use ⟨ä⟩ at all. Long [ɛː] occurs only before ⟨r⟩ in this dialect and is represented by ⟨ē, ai, ia⟩.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): (^[1]) /ɨ/, (^[2]) /ə/

Letter

ä (lower case, upper case Ä)

(International Standard) Used to represent a dialectal centralized vowel.

References

[1]
Marcel Courthiade (2009) “DECISION : "THE ROMANI ALPHABET"”, in Melinda Rézműves, editor, Morri angluni rromane ćhibǎqi evroputni lavustik = Első rromani nyelvű európai szótáram : cigány, magyar, angol, francia, spanyol, német, ukrán, román, horvát, szlovák, görög [My First European-Romani Dictionary: Romani, Hungarian, English, French, Spanish, German, Ukrainian, Romanian, Croatian, Slovak, Greek] (overall work in Hungarian and English), Budapest: Fővárosi Onkormányzat Cigány Ház--Romano Kher, →ISBN, page 499
[2]
Yūsuke Sumi (2018) “ä”, in ニューエクスプレス　ロマ（ジプシー）語 [New Express Romani (Gypsy)] (in Japanese), Tokyo: Hakusuisha, →ISBN, page 16

Pronunciation

(phoneme) IPA^(key): /a/

Letter

ä (upper case Ä)

The thirty-sixth letter of the Skolt Sami alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Pronunciation

(phoneme) IPA^(key): /ɛ/, /ɛɐ̯/

Letter

ä (upper case Ä)

The third letter of the Slovak alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Etymology 1

From German ä, with its corresponding pronunciation, which is still used by some speakers, however, the majority of speakers have vernacularized the pronunciation to a long close-mid vowel regardless of the initial pronunciation.

Pronunciation 1

(phoneme): IPA^(key): /éː/, /èː/, [ɛ́ː]
(letter name, common): IPA^(key): /prɛɡlaʃɛ̀ːni àː/, /prɛɡlaʃɛ̀ːni áː/ (preglašeni a)
(letter name, educated): IPA^(key): /ɛ̀ː/, /ɛ́ː/
Rhymes: -ɛː
Homophone: e

Letter

ä (lower case, upper case Ä)

Additional letter in Slovene common mostly in loanwords from German.

Noun

ä m inan

(educated) The name of the Latin script letter Ä / ä.

Usage notes

It is more common to use the name preglašeni a than to use this name.

Inflection

Overall more common

The diacritics used in this section of the entry are non-tonal. If you are a native tonal speaker, please help by adding the tonal marks.

More information Masculine inan., soft o-stem, nom. sing. ...

Masculine inan., soft o-stem
nom. sing.	ä
gen. sing.	ä-ja
	singular	dual	plural
nominative (imenovȃlnik)	ä	ä-ja	ä-ji
genitive (rodȋlnik)	ä-ja	ä-jev	ä-jev
dative (dajȃlnik)	ä-ju	ä-jema	ä-jem
accusative (tožȋlnik)	ä	ä-ja	ä-je
locative (mẹ̑stnik)	ä-ju	ä-jih	ä-jih
instrumental (orọ̑dnik)	ä-jem	ä-jema	ä-ji

Close

More common when with a definite adjective

More information Masculine inan., no endings, nom. sing. ...

Masculine inan., no endings
nom. sing.	ä
gen. sing.	ä
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	ä	ä	ä
accusative	ä	ä	ä
genitive	ä	ä	ä
dative	ä	ä	ä
locative	ä	ä	ä
instrumental	ä	ä	ä

Close

Pronunciation 2

(sound) IPA^(key): [æ]

Symbol

ä

(SNPT) Phonetic transcription of dialectal sound [æ].

Etymology 2

Letter a with diaeresis (¨) to signify centralization.

Pronunciation

(Resian) IPA^(key): /ɐ/

Letter

ä (lower case, upper case Ä)

The second letter of the Slovene alphabet (Resian), written in the Latin script.

References

Kenda-Jež, Karmen (2017 February 27) Fonetična trankripcija [Phonetic transcription]‎ (in Slovene), Znanstvenoraziskovalni center SAZU, Inštitut za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša, archived from the original on January 22, 2022, pages 27–30
Steenwijk, Han (1994) Ortografia resiana = Tö jošt rozajanskë pïsanjë (overall work in Italian and Slovene), Padua: CLEUP

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ə/

Letter

ä (upper case Ä)

A letter of the Southern Tutchone alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Alternative forms

æ, aͤ (archaic)
ā (handwriting)

Pronunciation

Letter name

IPA^(key): /æː/
Audio: (file)

Phoneme

IPA^(key): /æː/, /æ/, /ɛː/, /ɛ/

Etymology 1

Thumb — The word *aͤng* (äng, “meadow”) from year 1777, where the now obsolete variation aͤ is still used.

Originally a ligature of A and E. During the 16th century, the letter began to be written as an A with a lower case e ontop (Aͤ respectively aͤ). During the first decades of the 18th century, the use of umlaut emerged.

Letter

ä (lower case, upper case Ä)

The second last letter of the Swedish alphabet, pronounced /æː/ when long, /æ/ when short. In Central Swedish, these phonemes are partially merged with long /eː/ and short /ɛ/.

Declension

More information nominative, genitive ...

		nominative	genitive
singular	indefinite	ä	äs
singular	definite	äet	äets
plural	indefinite	än	äns
plural	definite	äna	änas

Close

Declension of ä

Etymology 2

Verb

ä

(colloquial, Internet slang, text messaging) Pronunciation spelling of är.

Noun

ä

axe

References

Gamarra A., Enrique, Villagra S., Inocencio (1980) Llëbo ñaglo lok kibokwogo ëre e lanyo = Vocabulario ilustrado teribe-español‎ (overall work in Teribe and Spanish), Instituto Nacional de Cultura & Instituto Lingüístico de Verano, page 92

Pronunciation

(phoneme) IPA^(key): /æ/, /æː/

Letter

ä (upper case Ä)

The sixth letter of the Turkmen alphabet, called ä and written in the Latin script.

Prefix

ä

Verbal prefix for the imperfect tense.

Pronunciation

(phoneme): IPA^(key): /ˈaː/, /ˌa/

Letter

ä (upper case Ä)

The letter A, marked for its syllabic pronunciation distinct from adjacent vowels.

[1] [1]
Marcel Courthiade (2009) “DECISION : "THE ROMANI ALPHABET"”, in Melinda Rézműves, editor, Morri angluni rromane ćhibǎqi evroputni lavustik = Első rromani nyelvű európai szótáram : cigány, magyar, angol, francia, spanyol, német, ukrán, román, horvát, szlovák, görög [My First European-Romani Dictionary: Romani, Hungarian, English, French, Spanish, German, Ukrainian, Romanian, Croatian, Slovak, Greek] (overall work in Hungarian and English), Budapest: Fővárosi Onkormányzat Cigány Ház--Romano Kher, →ISBN, page 499

[2] [2]
Yūsuke Sumi (2018) “ä”, in ニューエクスプレス　ロマ（ジプシー）語 [New Express Romani (Gypsy)] (in Japanese), Tokyo: Hakusuisha, →ISBN, page 16

[1]

[2]

Symbol

Symbol

Etymology

Pronoun

Synonyms

Related terms

Pronunciation

Letter

Noun

Inflection

Pronunciation

Letter

See also

Etymology

Pronunciation

Letter

Usage notes

See also

Noun

Declension

Further reading

Pronunciation

Letter

See also

Pronunciation

Letter

Usage notes

See also

Pronunciation

Letter

See also

References

Pronunciation

Letter

See also

Pronunciation

Letter

See also

Further reading

Etymology 1

Pronunciation 1

Letter

Noun

Usage notes

Inflection

Pronunciation 2

Symbol

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Letter

See also

References

Pronunciation

Letter

Alternative forms

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Letter

Declension

Etymology 2

Verb

Further reading

Noun

References

Pronunciation

Letter

See also

Prefix

Pronunciation

Letter

Translingual

English

Arin

Dinka

Elfdalian

Estonian

Finnish

German

Livonian

North Frisian