¨

Diacritical mark

◌̈

1. (mathematics, physics) The second time-differential. E.g. x (position), ẋ (velocity), ẍ (acceleration).
2. (IPA) A centralized vowel.
3. (NAPA) A front rounded vowel (e.g. ü ö ɔ̈) or a back unrounded vowel (e.g. ï ë ɛ̈).
4. (UPA) A front rounded vowel (e.g. ü ö ɔ̈ ä, α̈).
5. (UPA) interdental (e.g. plosive ẗ, d̈).
6. (Teuthonista) Greater rounding of a vowel.

   Diacritic may be doubled for more rounding: ⟨ë̈⟩.

7. (ISO 233) Used with the letter ⟨ẗ⟩ to transcribe Arabic ⟨ة⟩.
8. (actuarial notation) Used to indicate that the payments occur at the beginning of a period.

   ä_n̅| ― n-year annuity-due

Diacritical mark

◌̈

1. (dated) Used to indicate that two identical vowels occur in separate morphemes and are pronounced separately: coöperate, reënter, reëstablish, noöne.
2. Used to indicate that the marked vowel is the nucleus of its own syllable: Boötes, Brontë, Chloë, Zoë, (dated) aëroplane, aërial.
3. Retained in foreign (mostly French) loan words where vowels are pronounced separately: naïve (or naive), Noël (or Noel), but also for umlaut in German Götterdämmerung, Führer.

Diacritical mark

◌̈

1. Used with the letter ⟨e⟩ to make ⟨ë⟩, which transcribes the sound [ə]

Diacritical mark

◌̈

1. A diacritical mark of the Greek script, called διαίρεσις (diaíresis, “division”) in Ancient Greek, and found on Ϊ/ϊ and Ϋ/ϋ. It is also known by the names διαλυτική (dialutikḗ, “severing”) or τρῆμα (trêma, “dots on a die”). It was used to indicate that the vowel letter ι (i) or υ (u) formed a separate syllable rather than a diphthong when written after another vowel letter.

Diacritical mark

◌̈

1. A diacritical mark of the Latin script, called trema (“diaeresis”) in Dutch, and found on Ä/ä, Ë/ë, Ï/ï, Ö/ö and Ü/ü.
2. A diacritical mark of the Latin script, called umlaut (“umlaut”) in Dutch, and found on Ä/ä, Ö/ö and Ü/ü.

Diacritical mark

◌̈

1. tréma; when placed above a letter, indicates that the vowel letter should be pronounced separately from a vowel letter next to it.

Diacritical mark

◌̈

1. A diacritical mark of the Latin script, called Umlaut (“umlaut”) in German, and found on Ä/ä, Ö/ö and Ü/ü.
2. A diacritical mark of the Latin script, called Trema in German, and found on Ë/ë and Ï/ï.

Diacritical mark

◌̈

1. A diacritical mark of the Greek script, called διαλυτικά in Greek, and found on ί/ΐ/ϋ.

Diacritical mark

◌̈

1. A diacritical mark of the Latin script, called tréma (“trema”) in Hungarian, and found on Ö/ö and Ü/ü.

Diacritical mark

◌̈

1. A diacritical mark of the Latin script, called doî pónti or diêrexi (“two points” or “diaeresis”) in Ligurian, and found on Ö/ö.
   1. Used to denote stressed or unstressed /ɔː/

Diacritical mark

◌̈

1. (obsolete) A diacritical mark of the Latin script, called trema (“trema”) in Portuguese, and found on Ü/ü.

Diacritical mark

◌̈

1. A diacritical mark of the Latin script in Romani, and found on Ä/ä, Ë/ë, Ï/ï, Ö/ö and Ü/ü.

References

• Marcel Courthiade (2009) “DECISION : "THE ROMANI ALPHABET"”, in Melinda Rézműves, editor, Morri angluni rromane ćhibǎqi evroputni lavustik = Első rromani nyelvű európai szótáram : cigány, magyar, angol, francia, spanyol, német, ukrán, román, horvát, szlovák, görög (overall work in Hungarian and English), Budapest: Fővárosi Onkormányzat Cigány Ház--Romano Kher, →ISBN, page 499
• “Introduction 3. How to read Rromani”, in R.E.D-RROM‎, 2021 October 2 (last accessed)
• Yūsuke Sumi (2018) ニューエクスプレスプラス　ロマ（ジプシー）語 (in Japanese), Tokyo: Hakusuisha, published 2021, →ISBN, →OCLC, pages 16-17

Diacritical mark

◌̈

1. A diacritical mark of the Latin script, called diéresis (“diaeresis”) in Spanish, and found on Ü/ü. Indicate that the 'u' is pronounced between a 'c' or 'g' and a vowel 'e' or 'i', as in Malagüez.

Diacritical mark

◌̈

1. Only used in ë: centralized vowel
2. (obsolete) Used to indicate that a vowel must be pronounced separately from the previous consonant such as in gabï (gab-i), butö (but-o)

Diacritical mark

◌̈

1. A diacritical mark of the Latin script, called didolnod (“separation mark”) in Welsh, and found on Ä/ä, Ë/ë, Ï/ï, Ö/ö, Ü/ü, Ẅ/ẅ and Ÿ/ÿ.