1901

1901 in various calendars
Gregorian calendar	1901; MCMI
Ab urbe condita	2654
Armenian calendar	1350; ԹՎ ՌՅԾ
Assyrian calendar	6651
Baháʼí calendar	57–58
Balinese saka calendar	1822–1823
Bengali calendar	1308
Berber calendar	2851
British Regnal year	64 Vict. 1 – 1 Edw. 7
Buddhist calendar	2445
Burmese calendar	1263
Byzantine calendar	7409–7410
Chinese calendar	庚子年 (Metal Rat); 4598 or 4391; — to —; 辛丑年 (Metal Ox); 4599 or 4392
Coptic calendar	1617–1618
Discordian calendar	3067
Ethiopian calendar	1893–1894
Hebrew calendar	5661–5662
Hindu calendars
- Vikram Samvat	1957–1958
- Shaka Samvat	1822–1823
- Kali Yuga	5001–5002
Holocene calendar	11901
Igbo calendar	901–902
Iranian calendar	1279–1280
Islamic calendar	1318–1319
Japanese calendar	Meiji 34; (明治３４年)
Javanese calendar	1830–1831
Julian calendar	Gregorian minus 13 days
Korean calendar	4234
Minguo calendar	11 before ROC; 民前11年
Nanakshahi calendar	433
Thai solar calendar	2443–2444
Tibetan calendar	阳金鼠年; (male Iron-Rat); 2027 or 1646 or 874; — to —; 阴金牛年; (female Iron-Ox); 2028 or 1647 or 875

Millennium:	2nd millennium
Centuries:	19th century; 20th century ; 21st century;
Decades:	1880s; 1890s; 1900s ; 1910s; 1920s;
Years:	1898; 1899; 1900; 1901 ; 1902; 1903; 1904;

1901 (MCMI) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar, the 1901st year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 901st year of the 2nd millennium, the 1st year of the 20th century, and the 2nd year of the 1900s decade. As of the start of 1901, the Gregorian calendar was 13 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

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January

Thumb — January 1: The Commonwealth of Australia forms as British colonies federate.

January 1
- The British colonies of New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria and Western Australia federate as the Commonwealth of Australia; Edmund Barton becomes the first Prime Minister of Australia.
- Nigeria becomes a British protectorate.
January 9 – Lord Kitchener reports that Christiaan de Wet has shot one of the "peace" envoys, and flogged two more, who had gone to his commando to ask the Burgher citizens of South Africa to halt fighting.^[1]
January 22 – Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom dies at Osborne House on the Isle of Wight. She is 81 years old and, having ruled for nearly 64 years, will be the second longest-reigning monarch in British history.^[2] Her eldest son, Prince Albert Edward, "Bertie", the longest-serving Prince of Wales to this time, succeeds his mother at the age of 59, reigning as King Edward VII, of the United Kingdom and in innovation the British Dominions, Canada and Australia and also becoming Emperor of India.^[3]
January 31 – Anton Chekhov's play Three Sisters (Три сeстры, Tri sestry) is premiered at the Moscow Art Theatre.^[4]

February

February 2 – The State funeral of Queen Victoria, held at St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle, UK, is attended by many European royals, including Kaiser Wilhelm II and Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria.^[5]
February 12 – Viceroy of India Lord Curzon creates the new North-West Frontier Province in the north of the Punjab region, bordering Afghanistan.
February 14 – Edward VII opens his first parliament of the United Kingdom.
February 16 – Bulgaria: Macedonian demonstrators in Sofia demand independence from Turkey.^[6]
February 20 – The Hawaii Territory Legislature convenes for the first time.
February 22 – The Pacific Mail Steamship Company's SS City of Rio de Janeiro sinks entering San Francisco Bay, killing 128.
February 23 – The United Kingdom and Germany agree on the frontier between German East Africa and the British colony of Nyasaland.
February 25 – U.S. Steel is incorporated by industrialist J. P. Morgan, as the first billion-dollar corporation.
February 26
- Chi-hsui and Hsu-cheng-yu, Boxer Rebellion leaders, are executed in Peking.
- The Middelburg peace conference fails in South Africa, as Boers continue to demand autonomy.
February 27 – The Sultan of Turkey orders 50,000 troops to the Bulgarian frontier because of unrest in Macedonia.

March

March 1
- The United Kingdom, Germany and Japan protest the Sino-Russian agreement on Manchuria.
- The 1901 Census of India is taken, the fourth, and first reliable, census of the British Raj.
March 2 – The United States Congress passes the Platt Amendment, limiting the autonomy of Cuba as a condition for the withdrawal of American troops.
March 4 – Second inauguration of William McKinley as President of the United States.
March 5 – Irish nationalist demonstrators are ejected by police from the House of Commons of the United Kingdom in London.
March 6 – In Bremen, an assassination attempt is made on Wilhelm II, German Emperor.
March 17 – The first large-scale showing of Van Gogh's paintings in Paris as 71 are shown at the Bernheim-Jeune gallery, 11 years after his death, is influential.^[6]
March 31
- A 7.2 M_w Black Sea earthquake occurs off the northeast coast of Bulgaria, with a maximum intensity of X (Extreme). A destructive tsunami affects the province of Dobrich.
- The United Kingdom Census 1901 is taken. The number of people employed in manufacturing is at its highest-ever level.

April

April 29 – Anti-Semitic rioting breaks out in Budapest.

May

May 5 – The Caste War of Yucatán in Mexico officially ends, although Mayan skirmishers continue sporadic fighting for another decade.
May 9 – The first Australian Parliament opens in Melbourne.
May 17 – Panic of 1901: The New York Stock Exchange crashes.
May 24 – 81 miners are killed in an accident at Universal Colliery, Senghenydd in South Wales.
May 25 – The Club Atlético River Plate is founded in Argentina.
May 27 – In New Jersey, the Edison Storage Battery Company is founded.
May 28 – D'Arcy Concession: Mozaffar ad-Din Shah Qajar of Persia grants British businessman William Knox D'Arcy a concession giving him an exclusive right to prospect for oil.

June

June 2 – Katsura Tarō becomes Prime Minister of Japan.
June 12 – Cuba becomes a United States protectorate.
June 15 – RMS Lucania is the first Cunard Line ship to receive a wireless radio set.
June 18 – British peace campaigner Emily Hobhouse reports on the high mortality and cruel conditions in the Second Boer War concentration camps.^[7]
June 24
- The first showing of Picasso's paintings in Paris as the 19-year-old Spanish artist exhibits his work at Ambroise Vollard's gallery.^[6]
- English Association Football Club Brighton & Hove Albion is formed by John Jackson to replace the amateur Brighton and Hove Rangers, following a meeting at the Seven Stars Hotel on Ship Street, Brighton.^[8]

July–August

July 1 – The first United Kingdom Fingerprint Bureau is established at Scotland Yard, the Metropolitan Police headquarters in London, by Edward Henry.
July 4
- The 1,282 foot (390 m) covered bridge crossing the Saint John River at Hartland, New Brunswick, Canada opens. It is the longest covered bridge in the world.
- William Howard Taft becomes Governor-General of the Philippines.
July 10 – The world's first passenger-carrying trolleybus in regular service operates on the Biela Valley Trolleybus route at Königstein, Germany.
August 5 – Peter O'Connor sets the first International Association of Athletics Federations recognised long jump world record, of 24 ft 11¾ ins (7.61m). The record will stand for 20 years.
August 6 – Discovery Expedition: Robert Falcon Scott sets sail from Britain on the RRS Discovery to explore the Ross Sea in Antarctica.
August 14 – The first claimed powered flight is made, by German-born American aviator Gustave Whitehead, in his Number 21, in Connecticut.
August 21 – The International Secretariat of National Trade Union Centres is founded in Copenhagen.
August 28 – Silliman University is founded in the Philippines, the first American private school in the country.^[9]
August 30 – Hubert Cecil Booth patents an electric vacuum cleaner, in the United Kingdom.

September

September 5 – The National Association of Professional Baseball Leagues (later renamed Minor League Baseball), is formed in Chicago.
September 6 – William McKinley assassination: American anarchist Leon Czolgosz shoots U.S. President William McKinley at the Pan-American Exposition in Buffalo, New York. McKinley dies 8 days later.
September 7 – The Boxer Rebellion in Qing dynasty China officially ends with the signing of the Boxer Protocol.
September 14 – Vice President Theodore Roosevelt becomes the 26th president of the United States, upon President William McKinley's death. Roosevelt is sworn in this afternoon.
September 28 – Philippine–American War: Balangiga massacre: Filipino guerrillas kill more than forty United States soldiers in a surprise attack in the town of Balangiga.

October

October 2 – The British Royal Navy's first submarine, Holland 1, is launched at Barrow-in-Furness.
October 4 – The American yacht Columbia defeats the British Shamrock in the America's Cup yachting race in New York.
October 16 – U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt invites African American leader Booker T. Washington to the White House. The American South reacts angrily to the visit, and racial violence increases in the region.
October 23 – Yale University celebrates its bicentennial.
October 24 – Michigan schoolteacher Annie Edson Taylor goes over Niagara Falls in a barrel and survives.
October 29
- Leon Czolgosz is executed in the electric chair for the assassination of William McKinley in Buffalo, New York on September 6.
- In Amherst, New York, nurse Jane Toppan is arrested for murdering the Davis family of Boston with an overdose of morphine; she will confess to at least 31 killings.

November

November 1 – The Sigma Phi Epsilon college fraternity is founded in Richmond, Virginia.
November 9
- The Prince George, Duke of Cornwall (later George V of the United Kingdom) becomes Prince of Wales and Earl of Chester.
- Rachmaninoff's Piano Concerto No. 2 is premiered in Moscow with the composer playing the solo part.^[10]
November 13 – 1901 Caister lifeboat disaster: a life-boat capsizes on service on the east coast of England during a great storm; nine of the twelve crew on board are killed. This gives ride to the lifeboatmen's motto "Never turn back."
November 15 – The Alpha Sigma Alpha fraternity is founded at Longwood University in Farmville, Virginia.
November 18 – The Hay–Pauncefote Treaty is signed by the United Kingdom and United States, allowing the U.S. to build the Panama Canal under its sole control.
November 25 – Auguste Deter is first examined by German psychiatrist Dr. Alois Alzheimer, leading to a diagnosis of the condition that will carry Alzheimer's name.^[11]
November 28 – The new Constitution of Alabama requires voters in the state to have passed literacy tests.

December

December 3
- U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt delivers a 20,000-word speech to the United States House of Representatives asking Congress to curb the power of trusts "within reasonable limits".
- The Immigration Restriction Act 1901 is passed by the new Parliament of Australia as the basis of a White Australia policy. It is given royal assent on December 23.^[12]
December 10 – The first Nobel Prize ceremony is held in Stockholm, on the fifth anniversary of Alfred Nobel's death.
December 12 – Guglielmo Marconi receives the first trans-Atlantic radio signal, sent from Poldhu, England, to St. John's, Newfoundland; it is the letter "S" in Morse code.^[13]
December 20 – The final spike is driven into the Mombasa–Victoria–Uganda Railway, in modern-day Kisumu, Kenya.
December 22 – Charles Aked, a Baptist minister in Liverpool, says about the war in South Africa: "Great Britain cannot win the battles without resorting to the last despicable cowardice of the most loathsome cur on earth — the act of striking a brave man's heart through his wife's honour and his child's life. The cowardly war has been conducted by methods of barbarism... the concentration camps have been Murder Camps." A crowd follows him home and breaks the windows of his house.^[7]