Ivica Dačić

Early years

At the beginning of the 1990s, he was an editor for the short-lived newspapers of the Socialist Party of Serbia (SPS), "Epoha".^[13] He became a member of SPS in the middle of 1991.^[13] He was the head of the Information and Propaganda staff of the SPS during the elections in 1992 and 1993, and then a minister of the Citizens' council in the first assembly of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, and member of the Executive Committee of the Main Board (IO GO) and Vice-President of the Council for Information and Propaganda of the SPS.^[13] He was appointed member of IO GO on the second congress of SPS on 26 October 1992, with the most won votes.^[13]

In the mid-1990s, Milošević's wife Mirjana Marković moved Dačić to a small office in a Belgrade suburb in order to curb his growing ambitions.^[14] Dačić was appointed member of IO GO again in the next congress in 1996, when there were major personnel changes in the party leadership, and of 27 members of IO GO, voted in 1992, only 5 remained, including Dačić.^[13] He was the spokesman of SPS for 8 years, between 1992 and 2000.^[13][15] In 1996, Dačić was a minister in the Citizens' Council of the Assembly of Yugoslavia and President of the Committee on Public Information, and in 1997 he was member of the Committee on Foreign Relations.^[13] In April 1999, the federal government appointed him a member of the Board of Tanjug, and in early May, as President of the Federal Council of the public institution RTV Yugoslavia.^[13]

President of the SPS Main Board and 2004 elections

He was elected President of the Belgrade Socialists on 10 February 2000, and again on 5 December 2000 in the election conference of the City Board of SPS.^[13] Following the Bulldozer Revolution on 5 October 2000, Milošević was arrested by Serbian police on 31 March 2001, and was eventually transferred to The Hague to be prosecuted by the ICTY.

In the transitional government, from October 2000 to January 2001, Dačić was the co-minister of Information alongside Biserka Matić (DOS) and Bogoljub Pejčić (SPO).^[13] On 24 September 2000 he was elected the minister of the Citizens' Council of the Assembly of Yugoslavia, and then member of the Committee on Security and Foreign Policy in both federal assemblies.^[13] Dačić reformed the party with his assembling of a team of young moderates, while retaining some of the former figures to satisfy the elderly ex-communists.^[14]

Dačić was the President of the Main Board of the SPS and was the Vice-President of the SPS from 2000 to 2003, and federal deputy in the Chamber of Citizens of the Federal Assembly of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and Assembly of the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro from 1992 to 2004.^[12] In the sixth congress of SPS, on 18 January 2003, Dačić was elected the President of the Main Board of SPS.^[13] Since 2003, he was deputy in the parliament, and head of the parliamentary group of SPS.^[13]

He was the party's presidential candidate in the 2004 election and placed fifth with 125,952 votes (4,04%).^[13][16]

Party leadership

He was elected President of the Socialist Party on the seventh congress on 4 December 2006, winning over candidate Milorad Vučelić in the second round with 1287 points, versus 792 points, of the delegates votes.^[13] In 2007, he was the President of the Committee on Security of the Parliament.^[13] On 7 July 2008, the government appointed Dačić the first Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of the Police.^[13] He became a member of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe (PACE).^[13]

In 2008, the Socialists were back in power as partners of the Democrats in the For a European Serbia-electoral alliance, led by Boris Tadić, after the 2008 Serbian parliamentary election; the Democrats were the main party that had helped oust Milošević.^[14] Dačić supported Serbia's EU ambitions.^[14]

In August 2010, Dačić and his family were under police protection after threats by the Serbian mafia.^[17] In 2012, the Security Intelligence Agency (Serbia's intelligence agency) received information that drug boss Darko Šarić had offered 10 million € to assassinate Tadić and Dačić.^[18]

2012 elections, Prime Minister

The Socialist Party entered a coalition with the Party of United Pensioners of Serbia (PUPS), and United Serbia. In the 2012 parliamentary election the Socialist Party's coalition had come third with 556.013 votes, 14.53%, 44 seats;^[13] The Serbian Progressive Party (SNS), led by Tomislav Nikolić, beat the Democratic Party of Tadić in both the parliamentary and 2012 presidential election.^[14] Of the results, Dačić said "We have risen from the ashes" after the Party had doubled their results from the previous election.^[14] After weeks of negotiations, the Socialist Party left the alliance with the Democrats in favour of the Serbian Progressive Party.^[14][19] Nikolić offered the Prime Minister post to Dačić,^[14] and on 28 June 2012, Dačić received a mandate to form a new Government of Serbia.^[20][21] Dačić assumed office on 27 July.^[22] He said at a reception: "In this chamber there are many who toppled us in 2000, and I thank them, for if they hadn't toppled us we wouldn't have changed, realised our mistakes and we wouldn't be standing here today.".^[14]

The government included the SPS and SNS, along with several smaller parties, headed by Nikolić, a former nationalist.^[21] The election has triggered some unease, as it marks the return of power of Milošević's allies.^[21] Dačić has worked on transforming the party since taking over after Milošević, proclaiming a pro-EU path,^[23] and abandoning Milošević's nationalist policies.^[21] The stagnant economy^[21] has resulted in Dačić set to forming a "economic recovery council" by the end of August.^[24] The Serbian parliament elected Jorgovanka Tabaković (SNS) as new central bank governor.^[25]

Foreign relations

He has said that Serbia will "co-operate with all the countries of the world, advocate security, stability and good relations in the western Balkans and hold out its hand in reconciliation".^[9]

EU membership

Main article: Accession of Serbia to the European Union

Serbia earned EU candidate status under Tadić's government, and Dačić has said that the new government will implement everything the previous government had accepted in the EU talks.^[9] Dačić supporters claim his pro-EU stance is evident in the handover of Radovan Karadžić and Ratko Mladić under his tenure as Interior Minister, and his role in the visa-free travel for Serbs in the EU.^[14] Following the European Council's confirmation on 28 June 2013 that formal negotiations for the accession of Serbia to the EU could begin, Dačić announced that the Serbian government would remain continuously in session with the aim of completing the talks as quickly as possible.^[26] He emphasised that harmonisation with European laws is an integral part of the government's plan for boosting investment and employment.^[27]

Status of Kosovo

On 17 February 2008, the Assembly of Kosovo declared independence.^[28] It was the second declaration of independence by Kosovo's Albanian-majority political institutions, the first having been proclaimed on 7 September 1990.^[29] The legality of the declaration, and indeed whether it was an act of the Assembly, was disputed by the government of Serbia. Serbia sought international validation and support for its stance, and in October 2008 Serbia requested an advisory opinion on the matter from the International Court of Justice.^[30] The Court determined that the declaration of independence was legal.^[31]

In 2006, upon being elected party leader, Dačić said that he had no problem fighting for Kosovo as he had done it before.^[9] Although the recognition of Kosovo by Serbia might not be a requirement for Serbia's EU accession,^[9] the EU opposes any partition of Kosovo into ethnic entities.^[9] In May 2011, he said that partition of Kosovo would be the "only realistic solution".^[32]

On 25 July 2011, the North Kosovo crisis began when the Kosovo Police crossed into the Serb-controlled municipalities of North Kosovo, in an attempt to control several border crossings without the consultation of either Serbia or KFOR/EULEX.^[33][34] Though tensions between the two sides eased somewhat after the intervention of NATO's KFOR forces, they continued to remain high amid concern from the EU, who also blamed Kosovo for the unilateral provocation.^[35]

On 24 November 2011, Dačić said that he saw the Republic of Kosovo's incident with Serbs in North Kosovo as an attack on Serbia.^[36] The BBC claimed the "nationalist" leanings of Kosovo-born Dačić raise speculation on the policy towards the Kosovo issue, which may implicate on Serbia's EU application.^[9]

Dačić's stance has since dramatically changed; in February 2013 he met Hashim Thaçi, the Prime Minister of Kosovo, in Brussels for the most important in a series of talks.^[37] On 19 April 2013, Dačić and his government took another step towards normalising relations between Kosovo and Serbia.^[38] In March 2013, Dačić said that while his government would never recognise Kosovo's independence, "lies were told that Kosovo is ours" and that Serbia needed to define its "real borders".^[39]

Economy

The Socialist-controlled gas monopoly Srbijagas which entered into partnership with Russian oil giant Gazprom during the coalition government with the Democratic Party.^[14] On 12 July, Dačić called the Serbian financial sector "the greatest enemy of the people".^[9] The stagnant economy^[21] has resulted in Dačić set to forming a "economic recovery council" by the end of August.^[24] Dejan Šoškić was replaced as Governor of National Bank of Serbia by Jorgovanka Tabaković on 6 August 2012.^[40]