Sequoiadendron

Sequoiadendron; Temporal range: Santonian– Present PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
	Trees in Sequoia National Park
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Gymnospermae
Division:	Pinophyta
Class:	Pinopsida
Order:	Cupressales
Family:	Cupressaceae
Subfamily:	Sequoioideae
Genus:	Sequoiadendron; J.Buchholz
Type species
	Sequoiadendron giganteum; (Lindley) J.Buchholz
Species
	S. giganteum (Lindl.) J.Buchholz; †S. chaneyi; †S. tchucoticum;
Synonyms
	Sequoiadendron synonymy Americus ; Hanford, rejected name ; Steinhauera C.Presl 1838, not Goepp. 1835 (Altingiaceae) ; Washingtonia Winslow 1854, rejected name, not H. Wendl. 1879 (Arecaceae) not Raf. ex J.M. Coult. & Rose 1900 (Apiaceae) ; Wellingtonia Lindl. 1853, illegitimate homonym, not Meisn. 1840 (Sabiaceae) ;

Sequoiadendron is a genus of evergreen trees, with three species, only one of which survives to the present:^[1]

Sequoiadendron giganteum, extant, commonly known as wellingtonia, giant redwood and giant sequoia,^[2] growing naturally in the Sierra Nevada mountains of California^[3]
† Sequoiadendron chaneyi, the predecessor of Sequoiadendron giganteum, found mostly in the Nevada area of the Tertiary Colorado Plateau until the late Miocene^[4]
†Sequoiadendron tchucoticum Late Cretaceous; Enmyvaam River Basin, Russia^[5]

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Thumb — *Sequoiadendron chaneyi* foliage fossil, Nevada, United States

Sequoiadendron fossil pollen and macrofossils may have been found as early as the Late Cretaceous^[5] and throughout the Northern Hemisphere,^[6] including locations in western Georgia in the Caucasus region.^[7]

[1]
"Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families".
[2]
"Wellingtonia – Sequoiadendron giganteum". NatureSpot. Retrieved 2022-01-27.
[3]
"2013 county distribution map". Biota of North America.
[4]
Axelrod, Daniel L. (1959). "Late Cenozoic evolution of the Sierran Bigtree forest". Evolution. 13 (1): 9–23. doi:10.1111/j.1558-5646.1959.tb02990.x. JSTOR 2405942.
[5]
A. B. Sokolova; M. G. Moiseeva (2016). "A New Species of the Genus Sequoiadendron Buchholz (Cupressaceae) from the Upper Cretaceous of the Enmyvaam River Basin, Central Chukotka". Paleontological Journal. 50 (1): 96–107. doi:10.1134/S003103011601010X. S2CID 129990538.
[6]
Chaney, Ralph W (1950). "A Revision of Fossil Sequoia and Taxodium in Western North America Based on the Recent Discovery of Metasequoia". Transactions of the American Philosophical Society. 40 (3): 188. doi:10.2307/1005641. JSTOR 1005641.
[7]
Shatilova, Irina; Mchedlishvili, Nino; Rukhadze, Luara; Kvavadze, Eliso (2011). The History of the Flora and Vegetation of Georgia. Tbilisi: Georgian National Museum Institute of Paleobiology. ISBN 978-9941-9105-3-1.

[n-1] [1]
"Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families".

[2] [2]
"Wellingtonia – Sequoiadendron giganteum". NatureSpot. Retrieved 2022-01-27.

[3] [3]
"2013 county distribution map". Biota of North America.

[4] [4]
Axelrod, Daniel L. (1959). "Late Cenozoic evolution of the Sierran Bigtree forest". Evolution. 13 (1): 9–23. doi:10.1111/j.1558-5646.1959.tb02990.x. JSTOR 2405942.

[Sokolova-5] [5]
A. B. Sokolova; M. G. Moiseeva (2016). "A New Species of the Genus Sequoiadendron Buchholz (Cupressaceae) from the Upper Cretaceous of the Enmyvaam River Basin, Central Chukotka". Paleontological Journal. 50 (1): 96–107. doi:10.1134/S003103011601010X. S2CID 129990538.

[6] [6]
Chaney, Ralph W (1950). "A Revision of Fossil Sequoia and Taxodium in Western North America Based on the Recent Discovery of Metasequoia". Transactions of the American Philosophical Society. 40 (3): 188. doi:10.2307/1005641. JSTOR 1005641.

[7] [7]
Shatilova, Irina; Mchedlishvili, Nino; Rukhadze, Luara; Kvavadze, Eliso (2011). The History of the Flora and Vegetation of Georgia. Tbilisi: Georgian National Museum Institute of Paleobiology. ISBN 978-9941-9105-3-1.

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[5]

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[7]

Sequoiadendron

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Fossil record

References