Nishakathakadi Kashaya An Analysis

Dr.Sreekala.V.K 1st PG Rasasastra

Contents
Introduction Drugs of Nishakathakadi Samprapti of Prameha Diabetes Mellitus brief pathology Treatment principle of Prameha Pharmacological action of each drug in Prameha Conclusion

Nishakathakadi Kashaya
Nishakathaka nellikka , Thechi pachotti bhadrika, Ekanayaka ramachamebhihi , Kwathah pramehaha - Sahastrayogam

Synonyms

Botanical Name Family

1.Haridra

Nisha, Gauri, Rajani,Varangi

Curcuma longa

Zingiberaceae

2.Kathaka

Ambuprasadafala, Strychnos Chakshushya, potatorum Nirmala, Chedani, Katha Vayastha, Dhathri, Vrishya,Shivam Embilica officinalis

Loganaceae

3.Amalaki

Euphorbiaceae

4.Paranti

Raktala,Patali

Ixora coccinia

Rubeaceae

5.Lodhra

Sthulavalka, Tilvaka, Kramuka, Tilva

Symplocos racemosae

Symplocacea

6.Bhadrika

Gorakshaganja, Kuranda

Aerva lanata

Amarantheacea

7.Ekanayaka Saptachakra Svarnamula

Salacia chinensis

Celastraceae

8.Usheera

Samagandhika, Ranapriya, Virana, Sevya

Vetiveria zizanioides

Poeceae

Rasa 1.Haridra 2.Kathaka Tikta Katu Katu, Kashay, Tikta

Guna Laghu Ruksha Laghu Vishada

Veerya Ushna Sheeta

Vipaka Katu Katu

Prabhav

Chakshu shya

3.Amalaki

Amla,Pa Ruksha, ncharasa Guru, Sara

Kashaya Tikta Laghu

Sheeta

Madhura

Rasayan

4.Paranthi

Sheeta

Katu

5.Lodhra

Kashaya

Ruksha Laghu

Sheeta

Katu

Chakshu shya

7.Ekanayak Kashaya, Ruksh, Tikta Laghu, Teeksna 6.Bhadrika Tikta Kashaya Laghu Teeksha

Ushna

Katu

Prameh ahara

Ushna

Katu

Ashmari bheda

8.Ushira

Tikta,Ma Ruksha dhura Laghu

Sheeta

Katu

Action of drugs on dosh dushyas

Dosha
1.Haridra

Dhatu

Mala

Agni

Srothas Others

KV-hara Medoha Mutrasan Doshapa Mutra gahara Medo P-shama ra cana 2.Kathaka K-hara Lekhana Mutrajank Pachana Mutra, a Udaka V-shama
Mutra doshgna

Prameha hara Prameha hara,

3. Amalaki VPK-

hara P-hara
4.Paranti

Medoha Mutrala, Mutra ra

doshgna

Deepan a Deepan a

Mutra Udaka Medova h Rasa Udaka

Prameha hara Vrnaropa na

P-hara Kshaman

Cntd..

Dosha Kapha Pitta hara KPshama

Dhatu

Mala Mutra sangrah ana

Agni Deepan a

Srothas

Others

5.Ekana yaka
6. Lodhra

Mutrava Prameh ha a srotas hara

Udaka

Medoha ra
Mutrala Mutra krichrgna

Pachana Medo

Sandhana

7. Bhadrika

KV-hara

Deepan a

Mutrava ha

Ashmarib hedana
Durgand ha hara, Rakta shodhan

8.Ushuir K P hara

Mutraja Pachana Mutrava nan ha Udakava ha

Prameha
2 Sahaja Krisha Beejadoshaja Type I or IDDM Apathyaja Sthula Ahitaharaja Type II or NIDDM

Tatra sahajo matru pitru beeja doshakrutam Ahitaharajo apthyanimittaja

S.Chi

Apthyaja prameha nidana

Charaka : .prameha hetu kaphakrit cha sarvam
Vagbhata : Medo mutra kaphavaham anna pana kriya jatam yat prayastat pravartakam

Doshas in Prameha
Kapha sapitta pavanasch doshah, Medo asrashuklambu vasa lasika, Majja rasauja pishitascha dushya Pramehinam vimshatireva mehah Ch .Chi Dosha involved : Vatha Pitta Kapha

Dushyas in prameha:
1. Medas 2. Asruk 3. Shukla 4. Ambu 5. Vasa 6. Lasika 7.Majja 8. Rasa 9. Oja 10. Pishita

Pathogenesis of Prameha
Vastimasritya kurute pramehan dushitah kapha Dushayitva vapuh kleda sveda medo rasamisham..
A.H.Ni 10

Nidana

Kapha Meda Mamsa etc vitiation

Kleda vridhi

Increased mutra / prameha

Cntd
Pittam raktamapi ksheene kaphadau mutra samsraya
AH Ni 10

Pitta & Rakta

reach vasti

Pitta prameha

Cntd
Dhatun vastimupaneeya tat kshaye api cha marute.AH Ni 10

Vasa Vata + Majja Oja

reach vasti

V prameha

Samprati as per Susruthacharya

Tasya chaivam pravrittasyaparipakva eva vatha pitta sleshmano, Yada medasa sahaikatvamupetya mutravahi srotamsyanusritya adhogatva Vastermukhamasritya nirbhidyante tada pramehan janayanti.Su.Ni 6

Nidana

Apakva V ,P, K + Meda

reaching Prmeha vastimukha

Symptoms of Prameha
Prime symptoms : Samanyam lakshanam tesham prabhutavila mutrata.. & .madhuryasch tanoratah -polyurea -turbidity of urine -sweetness

Supervening Symptoms of Prameha

Keshajatileebhava Asyamadhurya Karapada daha Suptata Mukhatalukanta shosha Pipasa Alasya Kayachidreshu maloparodha Paridaha Shatpad pipeelika shareera mutrabhisarana Visra gandha Nidratandra sarvakale Daurbalya Avipaka Putimamsapidaka Arochaka

Diabetes Mellitus
Inability of the body to make appropriate use of glucose in blood as a result of either: -insufficient insulin or -deficient functioning of insulin. Pathologically 2 types: -Type I or IDDM -Type II or NIDDM: 2types - Obese -Non obese

Modern etiology of Diabetes mellitus

Primary cause : Genetic factor Risk factors : -Obesity Auto immune mech. Infections , Hormonal Surgery Emotional and physical stress Pancreatic pathology: Pancreatic haemochromatosis, CA, Cystic degeneration, Calcifying fibrosis. Islet cell antibody.

Symptamatology
Dry mouth Polydipsia Polyurea Polyphagea or loss of appetite Weakness Weight loss Pruritis Sleep disorders Decreased working capacity

Properties requiered in pramehahara bheshaja

Tatsarvam tikta katukam kashayanurasam saram, katupakyushna veeryam cha shoshanam chedanam tatha.Su chi 13/8
Rasa:-Tikta Katu Kashaya Guna : Sara Shoshana Chedana Rechana

Cntd.
Veerya : Ushna - to increase agnibala - improves cell metabolism
Vipaka : Katu - madhura virudha Prabhava : Pramehahara

Prognosis of Prameha
Sahaja Prameha : Asadhya Apathyaja Pramehas : -Kaphaja : Sadhya -Pittaja : Yapya -Vataja : Asadhya
Sadhya yapya parityajya mehasteneva tatbhavah Samasama kriyataya mahatyayatayapi cha.AH Ni

Treatment Principle of Prameha

Sthula pramehi balavan hi ekah , Krishastathaikah paridurbalascha, Sambrumhanam tatra krishasya karyam, Samshodhanam dosha baladhikasya. 2 types of prameha rogis

Sthula [K,P ] Samshodhana Apatarpana

Krisha [ V ] Sambrimhanam Samana

cntd indication for kashaya

Samshodhanam narhati yah pramehi Tasya kriya samshamani prayojya, Mantha kashaya yavachurna lehah Prameha shantyaih laghavascha bhakshya.
Ch.Chi6/17

Tato anubandha rakshartham shamanani prayojaet. A.H Ch 12/4 Asamshodhyasa tanyeva sarva meheshu pachayet.A.H Ch

Haridra
Haridra tu rase tikta rukshoshna visha kustanut, Mehakandu vranan hanti deha varnvidhayini, Vishodhini krimihara peenasa aruch nashini. Dhn.Ni Rasa- Tikta, Katu Guna- Laghu, Ruksha Veerya- Usha Vipaka- Katu Part used - Rhizome

Haridra in Ayurvedic Literature

Charaka : Lekhaneeya Dashaimani Kushtaghna Dashaimani Vishaghna Dashaimani Tikta Skanda Shirovirechana Susruth : Haridradi gana Mustadi gana Lakshadi gana Vagbhata : Vachaharidradi gana

Action of Haridra on Prameha

Dosha Kaphahara Dhathu - Medohara Mala Mutrasangrahana Agni- Vardhana Srotas - Mutravaha , Medovaha Karmas Pramehahara Kanduhara Krimihara Pachana Lekhana

Chemical constituents and actions

Constituents: Essential oils Resin Alkaloid Turmerol Caponic acid Curcumin Actions :
Lowers blood glucose level Antimicrobial and detoxifier Anthelmintic Hastens wound healing Antioxidant Improves circulation Prevents atherosclerosis Improves cholesterol level Tonic

Kathakam
Kathakam sheethalam prahustrushna vishavinashana, netrotharogavidhvamsi vidhinaanjanyogataha, kathakasya phalam tiktam chakshushyam sheetalam mridu, variprasadanam krichram sharkarashmarim jayet. Dh. Ni Kai.Ni - vathakrin mehanashanam.

Pharmacological properties
1. 2. 3. 4. Rasa - Tikta, Katu, Kashaya Guna Laghu, Vishada Veerya Sheeta Vipaka Katu

Part used Fruit

Kathaka in Ayurvedic Literature

Charaka Vishaghna dashaimani Susrutha Parushakadi gana Vagbhata Parushakadi gana

Action of Kathaka on Prameha

Dosh Kaphhara,Vatashamana Dushya Lekhana Mala Mutradoshahara Agni Deepana Srotas Mutravaha, Udakavaha Karmas Pipasaghna Ashmaribhedana Vishahara Pramehahara

Chemical constituents and actions of Kathaka Actions Constituents

Brucine Albuminous principle

Antidabetic Diuretic Tonic

Amalaki
Amlam samadhuram tikta kashayam katukam saram, Chakshushyam sarvadoshaghnam vrishyamamalakiphalam, Hanti vatam tadamlatvat pittam madhuryashaityataha Kapham ruksha kashayatvat phalebhyoadhikam cha tat.
Su.Su 46

Pharmacological Properties of Amalaki

Rasa Pancharasa , Amlapradhana Guna Guru, Ruksha, Sara Veerya Sheeta Vipaka Madhura Prabhava Rasayana

Part Used Fruit

Amalaki in Ayurvedic Literature

Charaka : Kushtaghna dashaimani Virechanopaga dashimani Kasahara dashaimani Jvarahara dashaimani Vayasthapana dashaimani Susrutha : Mushkakadi gana Parushakadi gana Musthadi gana Trifala Amalakyadi gana

Pramehahara action of Amalaki

Dosha Tridoshaghna, Pittahara Dushya Medoghna , Vrishya Mala Mutradoshahara Agni Deepana Srotas Medovaha, Mutravaha Karmas Mehahara Aruchihara Chakshushya Pipasaghna

Chemical constituents and actions

Constituents Gallic acid Tannic acid Albumin Calcium Vit .C Phosphorus Iron Nicotinic acid Actions Diuretic Potent antioxidant Immunomodulatory Antistress Prevent liver fibrosis

Paranti
Rasa Kashaya, Tiktha Guna Laghu Veery Sheeta Vipaka Katu Karma Vrana ropana Udarashoolahara Useful part : leaves , flowers, roots Sidha System : Extensively used in thirst and Fatigue

Pramehahara action of Paranti

Dosha Pittahara,Kaphashamana Dushya Rasa Mala Agni - Pachana Srotas Rasavaha, Udakavaha Karmas Vranaropana Tvagrogahara

Chemical constituent and actions

Constituents Alkaloids Flavanoids Tannin Saponin Aromatic acrid oil Actions
Antimicrobial Antioxidant Intestinal antiseptic Anti inflammatory Antipyretic

Lodhra
Lodhro grahi laghu sheetha chakshushya kapha pittanut Kashayo raktapittasruk jvaratisarashophahrit. Bh.P Rasa Kashaya Guna Laghu, Ruksha Veerya Sheeta Vipaka Katu Prabhava Chakshushya Karma Sangrahi Useful Part - Bark

Lodhra in Ayurvedic Literature

Charaka : Sandhaneeya dashaimani Pureeshasangrahaneeya Shonithasthapana Kashayaskanda Susrutha : Lodhradi Shyamadi Ambashthadi Nyagrodhadi Vagbhata : Priyangvambashtadi Nyagrodhadi

Prmehahara actions of Lodhra

Dosha Kaphapitta shamana Dushya Medohara Mala Mutrasangrahana Agni - Deepana Srotas Medovaha, Mutravaha Karmas Trit daha hara Sandhanakara Stambhana, Dahahara.

Chemical constituents and actions

Constituents
Loturine Colloturine Loturidine Glycosides Salirepin Salireposides Symplocate Linolic acid

Actions Antibacterial Antioxidant Ophthalmic Expectorant Anti inflammatory Hypothermic

Bhadrika
Gorakshaganja tuvara sathikta laghvi, cha teekshna paramoshnaveerya, kaphartihrit mutravirechaneeya, prabhavato apyashmari nashani. P.V.Sh

Rasa Tikta , Kashaya Guna Laghu, Teekshna Veerya Ushna Vipaka Katu Prabhava - Ashmarinashana Used Part - Moola

Pramehahara action of Bhadrika

Dosha Kaphahara Dushya Mala Mutravirechaneeya Agni Deepana Srotas Mutravaha Karma Mutravirechaneeya Ashmaribhedana Kriminashaka Indian Folk Medicine - Pramehahara

Chemical constituents and action

Constituents
Flavonoids Aervin Methylaervin Aervoside Aervolanine Tannins Saponins

Actions Antidiabetic Diuretic Antimicrobial Anthelmintic Anti inflammatory Hepatoprotective

Ekanayaka
Saptachakra laghu ruksha Teekshna tikta kashayaka Veeryoshna madhumehaghni, Yakridrogahara param, Rajorodham rajahkrichram, Kapham pittam cha nashayet. P.V. Sharma

Pharmacological actions
Rasa Kashaya, Tikta Guna Laghu, Ruksha, Teekshna Veerya Ushna Vipaka Katu Prabhava Pramehahara Useful part Mula

Pramehahara action of Ekanayaka

Dosha Kaphapittashamana Dushya Rakta Mala- Sweda Agni- Deepana Srotas - Mutravaha Karma Madhumehaghni Yakritrogahara

Chemical constituents and action

Constituents Dulcitol Mangiferin Phlobetanin Glycocydeltannin Triterpine Betuline Salacinol N-Butanol

Actions Antihyperglycemic Alpha glucosidase inhibitor Hypotensive Hepatoprotective

Usheera
Usheeram pachanam sheetam Stambanam laghu tiktakam, Madhuram jvarahrit vantimadajit kafapittanut, Trishna asra visha visarpa daha krichra vrunapaham. Bh.P

Pharmacological properties
Rasa Tikta, Madhura Guna Laghu, Ruksha Veerya - Sheeta Vipaka - Katu

Useful part : Mula

Ushira in Ayurvedic Literature

Charaka Varnya Stanyajanana Shukrashodhan Chardinighraha Dahaprashamana Angamardaprashamana Susrutha Eladigana Sharibadigana Anjanadigana

Pramehahara action of Ushira

Dosha Kaphapittahara Dhathu Rakta, Shukla Mala Mutra Agni - Deepana Srotas Udakavaha Karma Pipasahara Dahanashana Svedapanayana

Chemical constituents and actions

Constituents Volatile essential oil Resin Pigment Free acid Lime salt Oxide of Iron Actions
Diuretic Stimulant Tonic Diaphoretic Anthelmintic Antibacterial (ext) Cooling

Conclusion
As majority of the drugs of Nishakathakadi Kashaya are Kaphpittahara Medohara Mutradoshahara Agni vardhana Dahaprashamana & some of them have prameha hara prabhava, hence we can conclude that it can be used as shamana and pachana in prameha.

Nishakathakadi Kashaya

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