Transportation System Manage
Transportation System Manage
Transportation System Manage
FAROOQ GHULAM
ALI HUSSAIN
2011-MS-TE-07 2011-MS-TE-08
MAIN FEATURES
SYSTEM TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM MANAGEMENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM MANAGEMENT IMPROVEMENT TECHNIQUES CONCLUSIONS REFERENCES
SYSTEM
A system maintains its existence and functions as a whole through the interaction of its parts.
TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM??
A system is a collection of transportation assets, their relationships, and their emergent properties that collectively come together to perform a function, supported by institutional rules and regulations, and structured around processes. Assets include a node, link, or flow in a transportation system and can be physical, cyber, or human in nature.
TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM
o Is a vast, open, interdependent networked system that moves millions of passengers and millions of tons of goods. o The transportation network connects cities, manufacturers, and retailers, moving large volumes of goods and individuals through a complex network. o Transportation systems sector joined together in an unprecedented way to protect its customers, systems, and assets. o Comprises all modes of transportation (aviation, maritime, mass transit, highway, freight rail, and pipeline
MODES
Aviation includes aircraft, air traffic control systems, which include commercial airports and additional public airfields. Maritime includes the wide range of water-faring vessels,coastline, seaports and navigable waterways. Mass transit includes multiple-occupancy vehicles, such as transit buses, light rail, passenger rail (including both commuter rail and long-distance rail), automated guideway transit, inclined planes, and cable cars, designed to transport customers on regional and local routes. Highway encompasses roadways and supporting infrastructure.. Freight rail consist of railroads, route-miles of track, freight cars, and locomotives. Pipeline includes vast networks of pipeline that traverse Throughout the country, carrying nearly all of the nations natural natural gas,hazardous liquids as well as various chemicals.
TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM
COMPLEX
Transportation Systems Sector is highly complex because of a number of reasons: One reason is sheer scalethe sector is composed of hundreds of thousands of assets, links, and nodes spread across the six modes.Some assets, such as airports or rail yards, are stationary. Others, such as hazardous materials (HAZMAT) trucks or commercial airplanes, are mobile. Secondly, the Transportation Systems Sector consists of numerous and diverse stakeholders such as federal, local government and private/operators. Third reason for the complexity that characterizes the Nations transportation network is interconnectedness and supply chain implications.
RISKS
Strategic risks to the Transportation Systems Sector include: Disruption in the transportation network which faces a dynamic landscape of potential natural disasters, accidents, and terrorist attacks Use of a component of the transportation network as a weapon leading to loss of life and public property. Release of a biological agent at a major passenger facility, such as a rail station, ferry terminal, or hub airport (terrorism event affecting national public health and safety).
A risk management framework that helps define and clarify countermeasure programs aimed at a specific strategic risk objective(SRO), which will be integrated into the sectors strategic plan. SBRM is an important element of the sectors approach to determining its risk priorities, documenting them as SROs, determining approaches for achieving these objectives, and defining what success means for each of the SROs through performance measures
Transportation agencies have a range of responsibilities in managing infrastructure, such as construction, maintenance, operation, safety, and various other aspects. Asset Management is a concept recognizing the need to manage across these areas of responsibility.
Asset management is strategic, taking a long view of infrastructure performance and cost, and considering options in a holistic, proactive, and informed way.
Asset management influences a number of business processes related to infrastructure management in DOTs, including those related to planning, program development and recommendation, engineering of projects and services, and program deliver
Transportation Systems Management (TSM) is a strategy aimed at improving the overall performance of the transportation network without resorting to large-scale, expensive capital improvements. Transportation Systems Management (TSM) is a strategy aimed at improving the overall performance of the transportation network without resorting to large-scale, expensive capital improvements. TSM integrates techniques from across disciplines to increase safety, efficiency and capacity for all modes in the transportation system.
Improvement
Techniques(TSM)
Helps optimize systems and approaches. Eliminates waste of resources and non-value added steps. Improves customer satisfaction Reduces unnecessary inventory Reduces overall cost.
Transportation
Congestion mitigation seeks to identify improvements to enhance the capacity of existing system. Designed to improve traffic flow, air quality, and movement of vehicles and goods, as well as enhance system accessibility and safety. Advanced TMS applications incorporate increased planning and performance measurement capability.
Traffic signal and intersection improvements Freeway bottleneck removal programs Special events management strategies Data collection for monitor system performance
How to assign the red and green time in a cycle is obviously important when dealing with traffic control problems.
The longer cycle time, the greater traffic capacity, but time delay and number of stops also increase with increasing of the cycle time.
Signal
Head Upgrades:
The visibility of traffic signals depends on the following criteria Luminous intensity distribution Phantom class Evenness of the luminous field Contrast between the signal light and its surroundings Size of the luminous field Light source
Turning lanes
Turn lanes at intersections are used primarily to separate turning traffic from through traffic by reducing delay. Removing turning vehicles from the through lane, turning lanes can also improve safety. Designated turn lane designs can be effectively used in situations where there are moderate to high levels of through traffic.
Grade separation:
Most crashes happen at intersections Grade separation is the method of aligning a junction of two or more surface transport axes at different heights (grades) so that they will not disrupt the traffic flow on other transit routes when they cross each other. Best way of stopping conflicting intersection movement is placing the intersecting roads at different levels, or grade separating them. This can be done with overpasses or interchanges.
An overpass is a simple grade separation of two roads whereby there is no actual link between them and hence no exchange of traffic is possible.
GRADE SEPARATION
An interchange allows traffic to move between two or more roads which are grade separated. Interchanges vary from simple arrangements. Roads with grade separation generally allow traffic to move freely, with fewer interruptions, and at higher overall speeds; this is why speed limits are typically higher for grade-separated roads.
Pavement marking
Pavement markings have important functions in providing guidance and information to drivers without diverting their attention. Pavement markings can also enhance safety.
Centerlines have been shown to cut crash frequency by 29% compared to roads without them. Marking types include not only pavement and curb marking but also objectmarkers, delineators, colored pavements, barricades and channelizing devices.
Width
Line width indicates the degree of emphasis. Normal centerlines and edgelines are 4-6 wide. A wide line is at least twice the width of a normal line.
Number
Double lines two normal width lines separated by a discernible space indicate maximum restriction: driving across them is prohibited.
Centerlines
A centerline separates traffic traveling in opposite directions and is usually at the geometrical center of the pavement. Centerlines give drivers important guidance and can significantly enhance safety.
Edgelines
Pavement edgeline markings give drivers a guide to the edge of the pavement and also enhance safety.
Channelizing lines
Channelizing lines can be used to form channelizing islands where traffic is going in the same direction on either side of the island. They shall be a wide or double wide solid white line.
Stop lines
Stop lines are solid white lines and should be 12-24 wide. Stop lines emphasize the stop condition and indicate where to stop. They are not required, but are helpful in many situations.
Proper lighting:
Street lighting includes: prevention of accidents and increase in safety. Studies have shown that darkness results in a large number of crashes and fatalities, especially those involving pedestrians; pedestrian fatalities are 3 to 6.75 times more likely in the dark than in daylight. Street lighting has been found to reduce pedestrian crashes by approximately 50%.
Lighted intersections and highway interchanges tend to have fewer crashes than unlighted intersections and interchanges.
Weaving Sections:
One source of vehicle conflicts is the freeway weaving section, where a merge and diverge in close proximity require either merging or diverging vehicles to execute one or more lane changes. A merge and diverge separated by less than 0.4 to 0.5 miles is typically defined to be within close proximity, depending on the type of weaving section. In traffic engineering, three types of weaving sections are traditionally distinguished based on the minimum number of lane changes required for completing the weaving maneuvers :
Horizontal curves have roads that are tilted at a slight angle. This tilt is defined as superelevation. Which is the amount of rise seen on an angled cross-section of a road given a certain run, otherwise known as slope.
3. Command respect (rely on road users to willingly obey traffic signs. They will obey warnings and regulations that obviously fulfill a need.) 4. Have one simple message(sign must communicate its message in a way that is easily read and understood. If a sign is not understood or misunderstood, results will be poor.) 5. Provide adequate time for proper response (Size, placement, and condition of signs should meet or exceed the standards so drivers can comply before it is too late.)
Restriping:
Weather conditions will be a determining factor in deciding the period of performance of striping of pavements. Marking on the pavements should be restriping after a specific period of time
Work crews have been re-striping portions of Street recently, the old lane markings.
Geometric Deficiencies:
Safety improvements into a project in conjunction with the pavement also relate to geometric work.
Effective pavement and safety management programs which systematically identify and incorporate needed geometric corrections.
A process that insures that safety is an integral part of project development consists of several critical elements which also include the determination of existing geometric operational features throughout the project.
Planning and managing both vehicles and pedestrian routes The elimination of reversing where possible Safe driving and working practices Protection of public Adequate vision and lines of vision The provision of signs and barriers Adequate parking and off loading/storage areas (2)Signal RE-TIMING PLANS (3)DYNAMIC LANE ASSIGNMENT
CONCLUSIONS:
As a result of strategies of TSM the following conclusions are being drawn
Money saving multimodal solutions Relieve congestion Optimize infrastructure investments Promote travel options Improve travel time reliability Reduce crashes Improve transit on-time arrival Reduce travel delay Reduce fuel use Reduce air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions
REFERENCES:
THANKS