CH1_UNIT 1: INTRODUCTION

1. What is Industrial Revolution?

1750
It is the period that started in _______________ coal
when people started to use ________ and
steam power drive new ______________.
_________to machines
2. What did the industrial revolution change?
made and sold worldwide
It changed the way: things were __________________________________________.
distributed around the world
how wealth was _______________________________________.
worked
people lived and __________________________________.
3. What were the reasons that caused a large increase in people moving around the world?
Pull factor: to find better jobs (migration), gold rush
Push factor: transportation & slave trade
4. The period from 1750-1918 was also the time of imperialism. What is imperialism?
The idea that one country has the right to take over other countries

5. What is a colony? Land settled and controlled by another country

6. Define the following new economic, social and political ideas from 1750-1918.
Capitalism: Social system based on private ownership of property and resources
Socialism: Social system based on public or shared ownership of property and resources
Nationalism: Devotion to the interests of one’s own country; patriotism
Liberalism: The idea that people are equal and have equal rights
7. The changing nature of sources
What types of sources were used to study the period before 1918?
- Written sources, drawing, prints and paintings
What new types of sources developed by 1918?
- Photographs, films and sound recordings
Photographs – a more reliable source?
changed
*Photographs can be manipulated or __________________ even in the early days of
1830’s
photography in __________’s.
8. What makes editing or changing photographs very easy and common today?
- because of digital photography and computer technology
Techniques used to change early photographs:
A.Drawing on photographic plates
B.Using inks, pencils, or paints
C.Double exposure or putting parts of different images together
D.Digital photography
E.A, B, C

What kind of renewable energy source made from animal and

human energy did people use before they started using coal and
fossil fuels?
A. Nuclear energy B. Biomass fuels
UNIT 2: The Nature and Significance of the Industrial Revolution

1. When and where did the Industrial Revolution begin? 1750’s , in Europe (England)
2. What is factory system?
Items that were traditionally made by hand at home, were replaced by items made in
large quantities at lower cost by machines in factories.

3. Which industry led the industrial revolution? textile industry

4. Who invented the power loom and built the first factory in around 1769?
Richard Arkwright

5. What were the significance of steam engine during the Industrial Revolution?
Steam engine was the invention that powered the Industrial Revolution, it was used to
drive machineries and new transport like locomotives and ships which made
transporting of goods and people cheaper, easier and faster.
 Thomas Savery in _______and
6. The first basic steam was built by ______________ 1698 was used to pump
water out of coalmine.
________
Who improve it and made the engine turn a wheel?
James Watt
________________________________________
7. Who designed the first steam-powered tramway locomotive? And who improved his
locomotive and designed the first railroad to carry both passengers and goods?
Richard Trevithick
_____________________________________ George Stephenson
____________________________
8. Who perfected mass production technique by using assembly line?
Henry Ford
_____________________________
10. By the end of 1800’s, what became the new basis of wealth and power?
capital
________________________

land
* Before the industrial revolution, wealth and power was based on owning __________
 11. Living and working conditions (How IR changed the way people live and work?)
Positive Negative
 Factories could produce goods Machines
 ____________ had taken over traditional
faster
_________ and more ____________
cheaply skilled jobs such as weaving. (Many local
than before. industries were wiped out)
 IR created enormous ________
wealth but it was
not evenly shared.

 People in industrialized countries could  There were no _____________

rules
that
enjoy a __________ standard of living. governed how much people should be paid
higher for their work, about safety, working
_________ or the ___________ age of
hours
workers. minimum
 In some countries (America) people lived
and worked as ______________.
slaves
 Positive Negative
 More efficient types of farming using  Fewer job on land forced many people to
new machinery made it possible for work into the cities and towns.
more and different types of foods to be
grown cheaply.
 In colonized countries, farming lands were
used for growing ___________ crops rather
than growing foodcommercial
for local population.
UNIT 3: The Movement of People
1. Between 1500s and 1800s, how many millions of people were sold as slaves from Africa?
- more than 12 million
2. Who were sold as slaves in Africa?
tribal
Those who were captured in ___________ warfare, captured specifically to be sold as slaves
law
and those who had broken the _________.
3. How many percent of slaves was sent to sugar plantation in the Americas and Caribbean? 70 %
20 %
4. How many percent of slaves died on the slave ships? _____________
5. What is transportation?
Punishment of moving convicts to a far-away place, where they were usually put to work

6. Why there were so many prisoners or convicts in Britain in 1700’s? (British jails were so
overcrowded that prisoners were put in hulks)
rise
 There had been a __________ unemployment
in population in the cities, there was high ______________
and a high crime rate.
7. When did British government stop sending convicts in America?
- after the British were defeated during the American Revolution (1700’s)

8. Why did the British government decide to colonize Australia?

- to use it as a penal colony
9. What is Bloody Code (222)?
A nickname to a set of harsh laws created in response to the increasing crime rate in
Britain

10. Why did many people criticize that law?

Punishments were so harsh or not humane
11. Why did millions of people choose to move to ‘newer’ countries like Australia,
Canada and the USA in 1800’s?
 to find _____________
work
 to escape _______________
government or political violence (ex. in Germany-failed uprisings)
 to escape ___________________
persecution (ex. Russian Jews)
 to escape famine and other __________________
disasters (ex. Ireland after disastrous failure of
the potato crop)
 GOLD RUSH (ex. Australia’s ____________
population grew mainly because of the gold rush.)
UNIT 4: European Imperial Expansion
1. What is imperialism?
The belief that some countries have the right to control other countries

2. Why were colonies set up?

Colonies were sources of goods, natural resources, and raw materials
WEALTH (Gold) – (e.g., gold, spices, cotton, silks, tobacco, and slaves) and markets for
manufactured goods
POLITICAL POWER (Glory) – Countries with more colonies gained greater power and
influence

RELIGIOUS INFLUENCE (God): Colonies were places to spread Christianity

3. What was the common response of countries in Asia to the European imperial
expansion? - nationalist groups and movements developed and there were rebellions,
revolts or uprising against the European rulers
4. Which country in South East Asia remained independent? Thailand
5. Which country in Asia modernized its government, army and economy to compete as equal
with the west and followed imperialist policy? Japan
6. When did the Chinese government lose its control over their own country?
After losing in the Opium Wars and forced to sign unequal treaties

7. Who led one of the most important rebellions in China against the European rulers? (a
nationalist group) the Boxers
8. When did the British government take control of India, as part of its empire?
- After 1857 Indian mutiny
Why was it called the “Jewel in the Crown”?
- it provided the British empire cotton and other raw materials
10 What do you call the nationalist movement that campaigned and called for complete
Indian National Congress
independence of India? ______________________________________
11. Which European country took control of Indonesia? And what do you call the nationalist
movement formed in the country in 1908? Netherlands Budi Utomo
UNIT 5: Social, Political and Economic Ideas
Liberalism
_______________ 1. This idea emerged as a reaction against feudalism.
Socialism
_______________ 2. This idea developed as peoples respond to the negative impact of Industrial
Revolution
Capitalism
_______________ 3. This idea was founded by Adam Smith. He believed that the government should not
control trade and business.
Nationalism
_______________ 4. The political idea that people with the same cultural identity belong together and
must govern themselves.
Nationalism
_______________ 5. This ideology became a very important force in modern history (Johann Herder was
the first one to use this term.)
Karl Marx
_______________ 6. He believed that the government must take good care of the people and must own all
land and resources.
Adam Smith 7. He believed that competition and freedom were necessary for the country to prosper.
_______________
John Locke 8. He believed that people had the right to defend their life, freedom and properties.
_______________
American Revolution

13
1. United States was originally the _____________ Colonies of America, a colony of
Britain
____________.
taxes
2. People living in the colonies had to pay ________ to Britain but had no say in how their
governed
country was ___________.
No taxation without representation they began a revolutionary war in
3. With the cry “_______________________________”,
1775.
1776
4. Declared independence in ____________ but the war continued until British was defeated
in 1781.
French Revolution
1. Before 1789: Feudal monarchy

First estate : King and nobles the most privileged classes of France but
Second estate: clergy (church rulers) were not paying direct taxes
Third estate: common people No power but paying direct taxes

taxes
2. The king tried to impose new _________ but his officials refuse to implement them. He
Estates
called the meeting of the three _____________.
3. At the meeting, the representatives of the Third Estate declared themselves
National Assembly of France which was supported by some of the nobles and clergy
_________________
4. When the king declared that he would not follow any of the recommendation, He
expelled them from the meeting and the Third estate moved to the _______________.
__________ tennis court
6. In the tennis court, they declared that they would not leave until the France had a
Constitution
_________________ ( the Tennis Court Oath)

Bastille
7. July 14 1789, a mob stormed and captured the ____________. ( the royal prison)
After this, Paris was governed by a group of middle-class and citizen army, called the
National Guard
________________ . ( Peasants attacked their lords’ manor.)

abolished
8. August 4, 1789 – the Assembly passed a decree that _______________ the feudal system in
France.
Impact of the American and French Revolution
inspirations
-The American and French Revolutions served as ______________
for people worldwide by showing that traditional forms of power, like
feudal systems, could be ____________and
challenged overturned.

-Historians consider these revolutions as the beginning of ”________"

modern
modern
history, as they marked the development of ___________democracy
and the forms of government we have today.

-The revolutionary ideas from France and the United States sparked
rebellions
various ____________and movements
____________for change in different parts
of the world.
UNIT 5. SOCIAL POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC IDEAS Pages 25-31
1. Who is known as the father of capitalism?
A. Adam Smith B. James Smith
2. What is the political idea that people with shared cultural identities should belong together?
A. Heroism B. Nationalism
3. Who was the British philosopher who believed that religion and government should be separated?
A. John Locke B. Robert Williams
4. Who was only given the right to vote when the Reform Act was passed in 1832?
A. man B. woman
5. What did the old rulers of Europe try to do after the French Revolution?
A. restore monarchies B. destroy monarchies
6. How did the American and French Revolutions impact the people?
A. disunity B. inspired people to fight for freedom and equality
7. Revolts broke out in almost every part of Europe except for which three countries?
A. Poland, France, and Italy B. Britain, Belgium, and Russia