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    Platos Ethics

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    Joana Alduhesa

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    Platos Ethics

    Uploaded by

    Joana Alduhesa
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    Platos-Ethics

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    3 views15 pages

    Platos Ethics

    Uploaded by

    Joana Alduhesa

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 15

    Socratic and Platonic

    Ethics
    Key points
    • ‘eudaimonia’ – the highest aim of moral thought and conduct.
    • Virtues – the dispositions/skills needed to attain the highest aim.
    • Happiness – a complete and sufficient good. This implies (a) that it is
    desired for itself, (b) that it is not desired for the sake of anything else, (c)
    that it satisfies all desire and has no evil mixed in with it, and (d) that it is
    stable.
    • Treatment of human good: Unitarian, revisionist, and developmentalist
    approach
    Introduction
    • Like all ancient philosophers Socrates and Plato maintains a virtue-based
    ‘eudaemonistic’ ethics. That is to say, human well-being (eudaimonia) is
    the highest aim of moral thought and conduct; the virtues are the requisite
    skills and character-traits.
    Examining one’s life in pursuit of attaining
    the highest good (‘eudaimonia’)
    A wise man is a virtuous man
    In order to understand Plato let us first understand what his mentor,
    Socrates, meant about the pursuit of life
    “An unexamined life is a life not worth
    living”
    Requisites of becoming a wise men
    • To be wise, one must undergo self – reflection
    • “to know that we do not know nothing”
    • Introspection – a process of looking into oneself
    • The art of questioning – the pursuit of highest aim must be done by asking
    ‘why’
    Therefore, virtue is achieved when one is able to attain the requisites of
    being wise men
    Justice and other Virtues
    Human nature and its deficiencies
    • The same with Socrates, Plato does not believe that justice is only for the
    stronger, wise, and prestigious.
    • Foolishness is a result of the lack of introspection, a deficiency that most
    people have.
    • Plato argues that human deficiencies can be rectified when one knows
    his/her true nature.
    Virtues of state and soul
    Four virtues of the state:
    Wisdom (Sophia) – for those who aspire to be a leader
    Good council (eubolia) – for the decision making of the state for external
    and internal issues
    Courage (andreia) – for soldiers who engages in battle
    Justice (dikaiosýni) – the last virtue of the state. It implies all virtues of the
    state achieves harmony and order.
    The desire for self-perfection
    • Plato believed that there is a separation between the nature of the world.
    • The world of forms in which all things are impermanent and imperfect
    and the world of ideas in which all thing are permanent and perfect.
    • The desire for perfection is the desire to be in the world of ideas.
    • In order to achieve perfection, one must live with a virtuous life.
    N.B. It is the same with the concept of doing good in order to go to heaven.
    The quest for method
    • What concept of happiness is suggested by this ‘divinely inspired’ view of
    human life?
    • In aspiring perfection, the main goal is to always seek wisdom.
    • Happiness is not something that we can attain through a harmonious
    community. However, it is always implied by Socrates and Plato that an
    individual must always aspire to be a better person.
    • In conclusion, Socrates and Plato’s ethics is centered on a Unitarian,
    revisionist, and developmentalist.
    1. Unitarian – a wise person would make a harmonious state

    2. Revisionist – a person must continue to seek rectification of human


    deficiencies
    3. Developmentalist – continue to seek the betterment of the self

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