ITN Module 1
ITN Module 1
ITN Module 1
Network Trends Explain how trends such as BYOD, online collaboration, video, and cloud computing
are changing the way we interact.
Network Security Identify some basic security threats and solution for all networks.
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1.1 Networks Affect Our
Lives
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Networking Today
Networks Connect Us
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Networking Today
No Boundaries
• World without boundaries
• Global communities
• Human network
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1.2 Network Components
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Network Components
Host Roles
Every computer on a network is
called a host or end device.
Servers are computers that
provide information to end devices:
• email servers
• web servers Server Description
Type
• file server
Email Email server runs email server software.
Clients are computers that send Clients use client software to access email.
requests to the servers to retrieve
Web Web server runs web server software.
information: Clients use browser software to access web pages.
• web page from a web server
• email from an email server File File server stores corporate and user files.
The client devices access these files.
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Network Components
Peer-to-Peer
It is possible to have a device be a client and a server in a Peer-to-Peer Network. This type of
network design is only recommended for very small networks.
Advantages Disadvantages
Easy to set up No centralized administration
Less complex Not as secure
Lower cost Not scalable
Used for simple tasks: transferring files and sharing Slower performance
printers
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Network Components
End Devices
An end device is where a message originates from or where it is received. Data originates with an
end device, flows through the network, and arrives at an end device.
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Network Components
Intermediary Network Devices
An intermediary device interconnects end devices. Examples include switches, wireless
access points, routers, and firewalls.
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Network Components
Network Media
Communication across a network is carried through a medium which allows a message to
travel from source to destination.
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1.3 Network Representations and
Topologies
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Network Representations and Topologies
Network Representations
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Network Representations and Topologies
Topology Diagrams
Physical topology diagrams illustrate the Logical topology diagrams illustrate devices,
physical location of intermediary devices ports, and the addressing scheme of the
and cable installation. network.(and traffic flow)
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1.4 Common Types of Networks
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Common Types of Networks
Networks of Many Sizes
• Small Home Networks – connect a few
computers to each other and the Internet
• Small Office/Home Office – enables
computer within a home or remote office
to connect to a corporate network
Small Home SOHO • Medium to Large Networks – many
locations with hundreds or thousands of
interconnected computers
• World Wide Networks – connects
hundreds of millions of computers world-
wide – such as the internet
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Common Types of Networks
LANs and WANs (cont.)
A LAN is a network infrastructure that spans A WAN is a network infrastructure that spans
a small geographical area. a wide geographical area.
LAN WAN
Interconnect end devices in a limited area. Interconnect LANs over wide geographical areas.
Administered by a single organization or Typically administered by one or more service
individual. providers.
Provide high-speed bandwidth to internal Typically provide slower speed links between LANs.
devices.
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Common Types of Networks
The Internet
The internet is a worldwide collection of
interconnected LANs and WANs.
• LANs are connected to each other using
WANs.
• WANs may use copper wires, fiber optic
cables, and wireless transmissions.
The internet is not owned by any individual
or group. The following groups were
developed to help maintain structure on the
internet:
• IETF
• ICANN
• IAB
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Common Types of Networks
Intranets and Extranets
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1.5 Internet Connections
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Internet Connections
Internet Access Technologies There are many ways to connect users
and organizations to the internet:
• Popular services for home users
and small offices include
broadband cable, broadband digital
subscriber line (DSL), wireless
WANs, and mobile services.
• Organizations need faster
connections to support IP phones,
video conferencing and data center
storage.
• Business-class interconnections
are usually provided by service
providers (SP) and may include:
business DSL, leased lines, and
Metro Ethernet.
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Internet Connections
Home and Small Office Internet Connections
Connectio Description
n
Cable high bandwidth, always on, internet
offered by cable television service
providers.
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Internet Connections
Businesses Internet Connections
Corporate business connections may Type of Description
Connectio
require:
n
• higher bandwidth Dedicated These are reserved circuits within
• dedicated connections Leased Line the service provider’s network that
connect distant offices with private
• managed services voice and/or data networking.
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Internet Connections
The Converging Network (Cont.)
Converged data networks carry
multiple services on one link including:
• data
• voice
• video
Converged networks can deliver data,
voice, and video over the same
network infrastructure. The network
infrastructure uses the same set of
rules and standards.
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Internet Connections
Packet Tracer – Network Representation
In this Packet tracer you will do the following:
• The network model in this activity incorporates many of the technologies that you will
master in your CCNA studies.
Note: It is not important that you understand everything you see and do in this activity.
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1.6 Reliable Networks
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Reliable Network
Network Architecture
Network Architecture refers to the
technologies that support the infrastructure
that moves data across the network.
There are four basic characteristics that the
underlying architectures need to address to
meet user expectations:
• Fault Tolerance
• Scalability
• Quality of Service (QoS)
• Security
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Reliable Network
Fault Tolerance
A fault tolerant network limits the impact
of a failure by limiting the number of
affected devices. Multiple paths are
required for fault tolerance.
Reliable networks provide redundancy by
implementing a packet switched network:
• Packet switching splits traffic into
packets that are routed over a network.
• Each packet could theoretically take a
different path to the destination.
This is not possible with circuit-switched
networks which establish dedicated
circuits.
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Reliable Network
Scalability
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Reliable Network
Quality of Service
Voice and live video transmissions
require higher expectations for those
services being delivered.
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Reliable Network There are two main types of network
Network Security security that must be addressed:
• Network infrastructure security
• Physical security of network devices
• Preventing unauthorized access to
the devices
• Information Security
• Protection of the information or data
transmitted over the network
Three goals of network security:
• Confidentiality – only intended
recipients can read the data
• Integrity – assurance that the data has
not be altered with during
transmission
• Availability – assurance of timely and
reliable access to data for authorized
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1.7 Network Trends
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Network Trends
Recent Trends
The role of the network must adjust
and continually transform in order to
be able to keep up with new
technologies and end user devices as
they constantly come to the market.
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Network Trends
Bring Your Own Device (BYOD)
Bring Your Own Device allows users to use their own devices
giving them more opportunities and
greater flexibility.
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Network Trends
Online Collaboration
Collaborate and work with others
over the network on joint projects.
Collaboration tools including Cisco
WebEx (shown in the figure) gives
users a way to instantly connect
and interact.
Collaboration is a very high priority
for businesses and in education.
Cisco Webex Teams is a
multifunctional collaboration tool.
• send instant messages
• post images
• post videos and links
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Network Trends
Video Communication
• Video calls are made to anyone, regardless of where they are located.
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Network Trends
Cloud Computing
Cloud computing allows us to store personal files or backup our data on servers over the internet.
• Applications can also be accessed using the Cloud.
• Allows businesses to deliver to any device anywhere in the world.
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Network Trends
Cloud Computing (Cont.)
Four types of Clouds:
• Public Clouds
• Available to the general public through a pay-per-use model or for free.
• Private Clouds
• Intended for a specific organization or entity such as the government.
• Hybrid Clouds
• Made up of two or more Cloud types – for example, part custom and part public.
• Each part remains a distinctive object but both are connected using the same architecture.
• Custom Clouds
• Built to meet the needs of a specific industry, such as healthcare or media.
• Can be private or public.
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Network Trends
Technology Trends in the Home
• Smart home technology is a
growing trend that allows
technology to be integrated into
every-day appliances which
allows them to interconnect with
other devices.
• Ovens might know what time to
cook a meal for you by
communicating with your calendar
on what time you are scheduled
to be home.
• Smart home technology is
currently being developed for all
rooms within a house.
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Network Trends • Powerline networking can
Powerline Networking allow devices to connect to a
LAN where data network
cables or wireless
communications are not a
viable option.
• Using a standard powerline
adapter, devices can connect
to the LAN wherever there is
an electrical outlet by
sending data on certain
frequencies.
• Powerline networking is
especially useful when
wireless access points
cannot reach all the devices
in the home.
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Network Trends
Wireless Broadband
In addition to DSL and cable, wireless is
another option used to connect homes
and small businesses to the internet.
• More commonly found in rural
environments, a Wireless Internet Service
Provider (WISP) is an ISP that connects
subscribers to designated access points or
hotspots.
• Wireless broadband is another solution for
the home and small businesses.
• Uses the same cellular technology used by a
smart phone.
• An antenna is installed outside the house
providing wireless or wired connectivity for
devices in the home.
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1.8 Network Security
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Network Security
Security Threats • Network security is an integral
part of networking regardless of
the size of the network.
• The network security that is
implemented must take into
account the environment while
securing the data, but still
allowing for quality of service that
is expected of the network.
• Securing a network involves
many protocols, technologies,
devices, tools, and techniques in
order to secure data and mitigate
threats.
• Threat vectors might be external
or internal.
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Network Security
External Threats:
Security Threats (Cont.)
• Viruses, worms, and Trojan
horses
• Spyware and adware
• Zero-day attacks
• Threat Actor attacks
• Denial of service attacks
• Data interception and theft
• Identity theft
Internal Threats:
• lost or stolen devices
• accidental misuse by employees
• malicious employees
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Network Security
Security Solutions
Security must be implemented in multiple
layers using more than one security solution.
Network security components for home or
small office network:
• Antivirus and antispyware software
should be installed on end devices.
• Firewall filtering used to block
unauthorized access to the network.
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Network Security
Security Solutions (Cont.)
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1.9 The IT Professional
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The IT Professional
The Cisco Certified Network Associate
CCNA (CCNA) certification:
• demonstrates that you have a knowledge of
foundational technologies
• ensures you stay relevant with skills
needed for the adoption of next-generation
technologies.
The new CCNA focus:
• IP foundation and security topics
• Wireless, virtualization, automation, and
network programmability.
New DevNet certifications at the
associate, specialist and professional
levels, to validate your software
development skills.
Specialist certification validate your skills
in line with your job role and interests.
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The IT Professional
Networking Jobs
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1.10 Module Practice and
Quiz
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Module Practice and Quiz
What did I learn in this module?
• Through the use of networks, we are connected like never before.
• All computers that are connected to a network and participate directly in network
communication are classified as hosts.
• Diagrams of networks often use symbols to represent the different devices and
connections that make up a network.
• A diagram provides an easy way to understand how devices connect in a large network.
• The two types of network infrastructures are Local Area Networks (LANs), and Wide Area
Networks (WANs).
• SOHO internet connections include cable, DSL, Cellular, Satellite, and Dial-up telephone.
• Business internet connections include Dedicated Leased Line, Metro Ethernet, Business
DSL, and Satellite.
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Module Practice and Quiz
What did I learn in this module? (Cont.)
• Network architecture refers to the technologies that support the infrastructure and the
programmed services and rules, or protocols, that move data across the network.
• There are four basic characteristics of network architecture: Fault Tolerance, Scalability,
Quality of Service (QoS), and Security.
• Recent networking trends that affect organizations and consumers: Bring Your Own Device
(BYOD), online collaboration, video communications, and cloud computing.
• There are several common external and internal threats to networks.
• Larger networks and corporate networks use antivirus, antispyware, and firewall filtering, but
they also have other security requirements: Dedicated firewall systems, Access control lists
(ACL), Intrusion prevention systems (IPS), and Virtual private networks (VPN)
• The Cisco Certified Network Associate (CCNA) certification demonstrates your knowledge of
foundational technologies.
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Labs
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